General relativity is Einstein's theory of gravitation published in 1915. It explains gravitational phenomena by describing how spacetime is curved by mass and energy. Some key points:
- General relativity superseded Newton's theory of gravity and describes gravity not as a force but as a curvature of spacetime.
- Einstein made several predictions with general relativity including the bending of starlight and gravitational time dilation, which have all been confirmed by observations.
- Tests of general relativity include measuring the precession of Mercury's orbit, the deflection of starlight near the sun, and gravitational redshift of light escaping gravitational fields.
It should be helpful, special thanks to our teacher (whose name is in the power point and the one who made it) from whom I asked his permission to post it here.
It should be helpful, special thanks to our teacher (whose name is in the power point and the one who made it) from whom I asked his permission to post it here.
posted by Shifat Sanchez..</br>
its about relativity</BR.about sir albert Einstein. quotes about relativity...michelsone and morleys law about relativity....general theory of relativity ..Einstein laws about relativity...Einstein description of laws about theory of special relativity ....first postulates of special law,,sceond postulates of special laws of relativity.........Galilian transformation of relativity....................Lorentz transformation.......... Lorentz transformation about the laws of relativity........Length contractiion .....Time dilation........Mass expansion........E= MC^2 ( theory & provens ))......The life cycle of stars.......Black holes ( slides).............Formation And Properties of blackholes ................Concluation .........Thankyou slide ...............ANY QUESATION ?????????................thank YOU SO MUCH :P :P :P
General Theory of Relativity is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and the current description of gravitation in modern physics.
What are the basics behind the General Relativity?
General Relativity actually deals with gravitational interaction between objects. It thus deals with the rules that govern the giant universe and the galaxies within.
posted by Shifat Sanchez..</br>
its about relativity</BR.about sir albert Einstein. quotes about relativity...michelsone and morleys law about relativity....general theory of relativity ..Einstein laws about relativity...Einstein description of laws about theory of special relativity ....first postulates of special law,,sceond postulates of special laws of relativity.........Galilian transformation of relativity....................Lorentz transformation.......... Lorentz transformation about the laws of relativity........Length contractiion .....Time dilation........Mass expansion........E= MC^2 ( theory & provens ))......The life cycle of stars.......Black holes ( slides).............Formation And Properties of blackholes ................Concluation .........Thankyou slide ...............ANY QUESATION ?????????................thank YOU SO MUCH :P :P :P
General Theory of Relativity is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and the current description of gravitation in modern physics.
What are the basics behind the General Relativity?
General Relativity actually deals with gravitational interaction between objects. It thus deals with the rules that govern the giant universe and the galaxies within.
This article aims to present the origin and evolution of Universe, Sun and Earth as well as alternative solutions for the survival of humanity with the end of Earth planet, Sun and Universe.
Thule/Haunebu: Rotating, magnetized iron ring around a sphere/gyro + 3 charged hollow spheres below.
Vril/Schumann Levitator: 2 counter rotating disks between static disk with magnetisable iron ring around it.
―Sarah Connor, Nuclear War in Parallel Quantum Universes
These entities themselves are slaves. All these entities are set up under that entity who has presented himself in the midst of the seat of power known as the Anti-Christ. This Awareness indicates this entity as having control upon this hierarchy system, intent upon gaining power and control of the earth, in order to set up his realms. These entities have great power in terms of physical and occult controls. These entities have machines which allow them to listen to the thoughts of others, which allow them to teleport. These powers these entities use comes from an understanding of the electromagnetic spectrum and the super spectrum. In these various vibratory rates there are powers that echo and reflect from one octave to another. This Awareness suggests that entities read the book by John Keel, called ‘The Eighth Tower.’ ―Cosmic Awareness Communications, 1979
Everything that surrounds us, ourselves included, can be described as macroscopic collections of fluctuations, vibrations, and oscillations in quantum mechanical fields. Matter is confined energy, bound within fields, frozen in a quantum of time. Therefore, under certain conditions (such as the coupling of hyper-frequency axial spin with hyper-frequency vibrations of electrically charged systems) the rules and special effects of quantum field behavior also apply to macroscopic physical entities (macroscopic quantum phenomena). ―NextBigFuture, If These US Navy Patents are Made Then We Are in a Star Trek World
Salvatore Cezar Pais 2017 Patent US20180229864A1: High-Frequency Gravitational Wave Generator
The thrust of this theory was a string of sixteen incredibly complex quantities (tensors: 10 for gravity and 6 for electromagnetism). A pure gravitational field can exist without an electromagnetic field, but a pure electromagnetic field cannot exist without an accompanying gravitational field. An electric field created in a coil induces a magnetic field at right angles to the first; each of these fields represents one plane of space. But since there are three planes of space, there must be a third field, perhaps a gravitational one. By hooking up electromagnetic generators so as to produce a magnetic pulse, it might be possible to produce this third field through the principle of resonance. ―Einstein's Unified Field Theory, The Philadelphia Experiment
And now imagine a technology that allows you to move through space and time like the transporter in the Star Trek movies and which is so genuinely simple and inexpensive to manufacture, that every human being could afford it. ―HOLOFEELING 1996
Teleport system US20060071122A1
Project Pegasus: Portal Tech
They Live: Gravity Lens
Event Horizon: EM-Field+Gravitons
This article seeks to present the future of the Universe, as well as to point out the measures that lead to the survival of humanity in the face of the numerous threats that may occur at the level of the solar system and the Universe as a whole.
Interstellar Communication Theories and its PossibilitiesIJMER
This paper reviews and discusses the research dimensions in four dimensional time travel and
time dependencies of future and past on the basis of present. The paper investigates the theories that
support time travel in any manner and explore possibilities based on them for interstellar communication
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
3. 2015 marks an important milestone in the history of
physics: one hundred years ago, in November 1915,
Albert Einstein wrote down the famous field
equations of General Relativity. General Relativity is
the theory that explains all gravitational phenomena
we know (falling apples, orbiting planets, escaping
galaxies...) and it survived one century of continuous
tests of its validity. After 100 years it should be
considered by now a classic textbook theory, but
General Relativity remains young in spirit: its central
idea, the fact that space and time are dynamical and
influenced by the presence of matter, is still mind-
boggling and difficult to accept as a well-tested fact of
life.
4. Prior to Einstein, Issac Newton’s laws were used to
understand the physics of motion. In 1687, Newton
wrote that gravity affects everything in the Universe.
The same force of Gravity that pulled an apple down
from a tree kept the Earth in motion around the sun.
But Newton never puzzled out the source of Gravity.
5.
6. Philosopher David Hume’s 1738 “A Treatise of
Human Nature” was a big influence on
Einstein’s thinking about the space and time.
Hume was an empiricist and skeptic, believing
that scientific concepts must be based on
experience and evidence, not reason alone. He
also held that time did not exist separately from
the movement of objects.
“ It is very well possible that without these
philosophical studies I would not have arrived at
the solution”, Einstein wrote.
7. There are really three theories of relativity:
Relativity pre-Einstein(Galileo)
Special Theory of Relativity(1905)
General Theory of Relativity(1915)
9. Absolute space and Absolute time:
Suppose that you are on an airplane. At 12:00, you
leave your seat to talk a friend a few rows in front of
you. At 12.15, you return to your seat. You might say
that at 12:15, you were at the same point in the space
where you were at the same point in space where you
were at 12:00. However ,what would a ground-based
person claim?
If the plane were going 600 mi/hr, that person might say
“ at 12:15 you were at a point in space 150 miles away
from where you were at 12:00”
10. Who is right? According to Aristotle, space and
time are universal and you have moved.
But the Earth is moving around the sun, and the
sun around the Galaxy and the Galaxy is
whizzing through space…….
11. The Relationship between Matter and
Energy
According to Einstein’s formula, in a nuclear
reaction, some mass is converted to energy.
The c2 factor means that even a tiny amount of
mass is equivalent to a huge amount of energy.
12. Einstein's formula
E = mc2
Mass (kg)
Energy (J) Speed of light
3.0 x108 m/sec
This equation tells us that matter and energy are
really two forms of the same thing.
13. The speed of light
The speed of light is so important in physics
that it is given its own symbol, a lowercase “c”.
When you see this symbol, remember that “c” is
300 million m/s, or 3 × 108 m/s.
14. The speed of light
Einstein’s theory of
relativity says that
nothing in the
universe can travel
faster than the speed
of light.
If the Sun was to
vanish, we would
still see it in the sky
for 8 minutes and 19
seconds.
15. Special Relativity
The theory of
special relativity
describes what
happens to matter,
energy, time, and
space at speeds close
to the speed of light.
16. Special Relativity
These effects are observed in physics labs:
1. Time moves more slowly for an object in
motion than it does for objects that are not in
motion. This is called time dilation.
2. As objects move faster, their mass increases.
3. The definition of the word “simultaneous”
changes.
4. Space itself gets smaller for an observer
moving near the speed of light.
17. Special Relativity
1. Clocks run slower on moving
vehicles compared with clocks
on the ground. By moving
very fast, it is possible for one
year to pass on a spaceship
while 100 years have passed
on the ground.
2. The closer the speed of an
object gets to the speed of
light, the more of its kinetic
energy becomes mass instead
of motion.
3. The length of an object
measured by one person at rest
will not be the same as the
length measured by another
person who is moving close to
the speed of light.
18. The Motivations of General Relativity
General Relativity, or GR, was created in order
to better understand gravity
It has helped us to answer why gravity exists
General Relativity has many predictions most of
which have been verified by experiment with
amazing accuracy
19. The Motivations of GR
The special theory of relativity encompasses
inertial frames of reference moving at uniform
relative velocities
Einstein asked whether or not systems moving
in non uniform motion with respect to one
another could be relative and came up with the
idea of general relativity
20. The Equivalence Principle
The equivalence principle was Einstein's
`Newton's apple' insight to gravitation. His
thought experiment was the following, imagine
two elevators, one at rest of the Earth's surface,
one accelerating in space. To an observer inside
the elevator (no windows) there is no physical
experiment that he/she could perform to
differentiate between the two scenarios.
21. The equivalence principle is a fundamental law
of physics that states that gravitational and
inertial forces are of a similar nature and often
indistinguishable.
In the Newtonian form it asserts, in effect, that,
within a windowless laboratory freely falling in
a uniform gravitational field, experimenters
would be unaware that the laboratory is in a
state of nonuniform motion. All dynamical
experiments yield the same results as obtained
in an inertial state of uniform motion unaffected
by gravity.
22.
23. THE CONSTANCY OF THE SPEED OF
LIGHT
What is waving?
A rough analogy is to a sound wave travelling
through the air. The air is the medium and
oscillations of the molecules of the air are what
is "waving."
Galileo attempted to measure the speed of light
around 1600.
24. The Michelson-Morley Experiment
Before we turn to the experiment itself we will
consider a "race" between two swimmers.
Each swimmer swims the same distance away
from the raft, to the markers, and then swim
back to the raft. Now the raft and markers are
being towed to the left.
25.
26. Einstein "Explains" the Michelson-Morley
Experiment
When Einstein was 16, in 1895, he asked
himself an interesting question
He continued to work on this question for 10
years
27. What is General relativity?
Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity is
one of the towering achievements of 20th-
century physics. Published in 1915, it explains
that what we perceive as the force of gravity in
fact arises from the curvature of space and time.
28. What is General relativity?
Einstein proposed that objects such as the sun and the
Earth change this geometry. In the presence of matter
and energy it can evolve, stretch and warp, forming
ridges, mountains and valleys that cause bodies moving
through it to zigzag and curve. So although Earth
appears to be pulled towards the sun by gravity, there is
no such force. It is simply the geometry of space-time
around the sun telling Earth how to move.
29. The general theory of relativity has far-reaching
consequences. It not only explains the motion of the
planets; it can also describe the history and
expansion of the universe, the physics of black
holes and the bending of light from distant stars and
galaxies.
30. According to the General theory
Matter causes space to curve. It is posited that
gravitation is not a force, as understood by
Newtonian physics, but a curved field (an area
of space under the influence of a force) in the
space-time continuum that is actually created by
the presence of mass.
31. How this could be tested?
By the deflection of starlight traveling near the
sun; he correctly asserted that light deflection
would be twice that expected by Newton's laws.
This theory also explained why the light from
stars in a strong gravitational field was closer to
the red end of the spectrum than those in a
weaker one.
32. The Characteristics of GR
GR is a theory of gravitation that supersedes
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation using
the warping of spacetime by mass to explain
gravitational attraction instead of the idea of
“forces”
Essentially, massive bodies warp and curve their
local spacetime
33. The 3 “Classic” Tests of General
Relativity
Precession of Mercury’s orbit
Deflection of starlight (gravitational lensing)
Gravitational Red shift
36. Mercury Precession
Known since 1850’s not to match Newtonian theory
Perihelion precessed by 43 arcseconds per
century Would take 30,000 years to go full-circle
While putting finishing touches on GR in 1915,
Einstein computed expected perihelion precession
of Mercury
When he got out 43 arcsec/century, his heart
fluttered
!
37. Deflection of Starlight
Light is deflected by gravitational field called
“gravitational lensing”
Much like ball deflected by divot
38. Think of light as ants trying to go straight
In each case, the ants do their best to pick out
the straightest path they can. Unless space is
flat, they don’t stay on parallel lines forever,
and either converge or diverge.
39. Deflection of Starlight
During an eclipse, the sky around the sun is dark
enough to see distant stars.
Stars close to the sun have their light deflected
and so appear at a shifted position (farther from
sun)
Comparing stellar locations with and without the
presence of the sun along the line of sight allows
for a measurement of the deflection of light
rays.
42. Gravitational Waves
Fluctuation of spacetime curvature that is
propagated as a wave
Radiates away from accelerating bodies
Carries energy away from source
Predicts that two massive bodies rotating about
their center of mass will loose energy in the
form of gravity waves and the orbit will decay.
43. Gravitational Redshift
Gravitational redshift occurs when light leaving
a massive body redshifts in order to conserve
energy
Light can also blueshift if falling into a gravity
well
The appropriate equation for the red shift is
44. Black Holes
Black Holes are the most profound prediction of
general relativity
A black hole is a large body of matter that is so
dense that nothing can escape its gravitational
attraction, at a given distance, known as the
Schwarzschild radius
45. Black Holes
Black Holes come in two different sizes: Stellar
(5 to 20 solar masses) and super massive
(millions or billions of times the mass of the
sun)
Black Holes are detected by either their
gravitational influence on nearby bodies or
through electromagnetic radiation
46. Interesting facts about Einstein
Einstein Failed his University Entrance Exam, and
had to reapply a year later.
Einstein was famous for having bad memory. He
could not remember names, dates and phone
numbers.
Einstein, Darwin, Allan Poe & Saddam Hussein,
all married their first cousins.
Austrian physicist Friedrich Hasenohrl published
the basic equation E = mc2 a year before Einstein
did.