Arthur Young developed a philosophy called the "Reflexive Universe" that sought to integrate human consciousness with science. He proposed a model of the universe as a seven-stage process based on a torus topology. In this model, each stage has increasing freedom and asymmetry, from molecules to light. Young believed this model provided a framework for understanding the relationship between parts and the whole of the universe.
Autor: Gavriliţă Cătălina, Liceul Teoretic “Mihail Sadoveanu”, or. Călăraşi, Republica Moldova.
Lucrare finala elaborată în cadrul cursului e-learning „Didactica Fizicii” pe platforma de colaborare internaționala www.civicportal.org (29.X-25.XII.2012).
Moderator - Viorel Bocancea, conferentiar univeristar, Universitatea de Stat din Tiraspol (cu sediul la Chisinau).
Exercțiu practic recomandat formatorilor în domeniul Educației Interculturale. Elaborat în cadrul proiectului „Educație Interculturală în Moldova”.
Centrul Naţional al Tineretului din Moldova (CNTM), începând cu anul 2010, implementează, cu susţinerea Fundaţiei Elveţiene pentru Copii „Pestalozzi” (PCF), proiectul „Dialog Intercultural în Moldova”.
Autor: Gavriliţă Cătălina, Liceul Teoretic “Mihail Sadoveanu”, or. Călăraşi, Republica Moldova.
Lucrare finala elaborată în cadrul cursului e-learning „Didactica Fizicii” pe platforma de colaborare internaționala www.civicportal.org (29.X-25.XII.2012).
Moderator - Viorel Bocancea, conferentiar univeristar, Universitatea de Stat din Tiraspol (cu sediul la Chisinau).
Exercțiu practic recomandat formatorilor în domeniul Educației Interculturale. Elaborat în cadrul proiectului „Educație Interculturală în Moldova”.
Centrul Naţional al Tineretului din Moldova (CNTM), începând cu anul 2010, implementează, cu susţinerea Fundaţiei Elveţiene pentru Copii „Pestalozzi” (PCF), proiectul „Dialog Intercultural în Moldova”.
On March 30th, Dr. Melchor Antunano Director of the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute organized a ceremony to honor our late founding CAMI Director, and former Wright State University's Aerospace Medicine Program Director Dr. Stanley R. Mohler with testimonials from family, colleagues & friends and the dedication of a memorial plaque and tree in front of the CAMI building.
This is Dr. Melchor Antunano's presentation that day.
Roger Neal Romain has over 10 years of experience in management, finance, compliance, and healthcare administration. He currently serves as the Chief Finance & Compliance Officer for Doddridge County Ambulance Authority, where he oversees all financial and business operations. Previously, he held management positions at Pilot Flying J, Sears Holdings Co., and Ronald McDonald House Charities. Romain has a Master's degree in Healthcare Administration and a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration. He maintains certifications in emergency medical services and is involved in several professional organizations.
Theatre for a Change works in Ghana and Malawi to empower vulnerable groups through participatory drama workshops, reaching over 12,000 people in the past year to promote sexual and reproductive health and gender rights. They use drama and discussion to facilitate individual behavior change and group advocacy efforts, and have expanded their approach to work with new partners in the UK and other countries. The annual report outlines the organization's activities over the past year, financial information, and future plans to continue their work empowering marginalized communities.
Lima es la capital de la República del Perú y de la provincia homónima. Se encuentra situada en la costa central del país, a orillas del océano Pacífico, conformando una extensa y populosa área urbana ... Wikipedia
Fundación: 18 de enero de 1535
Superficie: 2.672 km²
Tiempo: 19 °C, viento S a 18 km/h, 75 % de humedad
Población: 8,473 millones
Nikhil Tiwari has been awarded the Silver Applause for his hard work and dedication to an assigned task. He received a congratulatory letter from Devendra Singh Rawat, Vice President, recognizing him as a valued contributor to his team.
Google location presentation - The customer journeyRedweb Ltd
This presentation explores the challenges the Travel sector faces and introduces the various products and services available from Google. We will then demonstrate how these location services can help improve your users’ journeys using case studies and proven commercial results.
El documento describe cuatro figuras geométricas básicas: el triángulo tiene 3 lados, el rectángulo tiene 4 lados con dos largos y dos cortos, el cuadrado tiene 4 lados iguales, y el círculo no tiene lados sino que es redondo. Finalmente, pide identificar estas figuras.
Salt has played a major role in civilization for thousands of years. It allows for food preservation and was highly valued throughout history. Salt is primarily sodium chloride and is produced through evaporation of seawater or mining. It has various uses in food including preservation, flavoring, and as an ingredient. Salt also has agricultural uses and is important for plant and animal health. While necessary for biological functions, excessive salt intake can increase health risks like stroke.
Jedson Engineering is a full-service EPCm company established in 1984 that works with clients in industries like chemicals, consumer products, pulp and paper, pharmaceuticals, and food and beverage. They partner with clients to advance innovation and transform challenges into success through optimized EPCm services and continuous improvement. Jedson works with clients from concept to project commissioning to optimize processes, performance, and operational efficiency in order to provide clients an edge over their competition.
1. The document discusses light and its mysterious nature, noting that light has no mass, charge, or time and always travels at the same speed.
2. It describes the principle of least action, where light always takes the path that arrives at its destination in the shortest time. Some scientists saw this as evidence of a "higher reason" or purpose governing nature.
3. The author argues that purpose is found in the whole or quanta of action, not in its individual parts of mass, length, and time. Planck's discovery that action comes in discrete quanta supports the idea of light as a first cause or purpose in the universe.
This article aims to present possible strategies for humanity to seek its survival with the end of the Universe in which we live. Research on the fate of our Universe, on the existence or not of multiverse or parallel universes and on the development of the final theory or theory of everything, that is, of the theory of the unified field, are important questions to elucidate in order to point out possible strategies for humanity seeks its survival with the end of the Universe in which we live.
A SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MATTER, ENERGY, INFORMATION, AND CONSCIOUSNESSijrap
This paper discusses the advantages of describing the universe, or nature, in terms of information and consciousness. Some problems encountered by theoretical physicists in the quest for the theory of everything stem from the limitations of trying to understand everything in terms of matter and energy only. However, if everything, including matter, energy, life, and mental processes, is described in terms of information and consciousness, much progress can be made in the search for the ultimate theory of the universe. As brilliant and successful as physics and chemistry have been over the last two centuries, it is important that nature is not viewed solely in terms of matter and energy. Two additional components are needed to unlock her secrets. While extensive writing exists that describes the connection between matter and energy and their physical basis, little work has been done to learn the special relationship between matter, energy, information, and consciousness.
A Special Relationship between Matter, Energy, Information, and Consciousnessijrap
This paper discusses the advantages of describing the universe, or nature, in terms of information andconsciousness. Some problems encountered by theoretical physicists in the quest for the theory of everythingstem from the limitations of trying to understand everything in terms of matter and energy only. However, ifeverything, including matter, energy, life, and mental processes, is described in terms of information andconsciousness, much progress can be made in the search for the ultimate theory of the universe. As brilliantand successful as physics and chemistry have been over the last two centuries, it is important that nature isnot viewed solely in terms of matter and energy. Two additional components are needed to unlock her secrets.While extensive writing exists that describes the connection between matter and energy and their physicalbasis, little work has been done to learn the special relationship between matter, energy, information, andconsciousness.
A Special Relationship between Matter, Energy, Information, and Consciousnessijrap
This paper discusses the advantages of describing the universe, or nature, in terms of information and
consciousness. Some problems encountered by theoretical physicists in the quest for the theory of everything
stem from the limitations of trying to understand everything in terms of matter and energy only. However, if
everything, including matter, energy, life, and mental processes, is described in terms of information and
consciousness, much progress can be made in the search for the ultimate theory of the universe. As brilliant
and successful as physics and chemistry have been over the last two centuries, it is important that nature is
not viewed solely in terms of matter and energy. Two additional components are needed to unlock her secrets.
While extensive writing exists that describes the connection between matter and energy and their physical
basis, little work has been done to learn the special relationship between matter, energy, information, and
consciousness.
This paper discusses the advantages of describing the universe, or nature, in terms of information and consciousness. Some problems encountered by theoretical physicists in the quest for the theory of everything stem from the limitations of trying to understand everything in terms of matter and energy only. However, if everything, including matter, energy, life, and mental processes, is described in terms of information and consciousness, much progress can be made in the search for the ultimate theory of the universe. As brilliant and successful as physics and chemistry have been over the last two centuries, it is important that nature is not viewed solely in terms of matter and energy. Two additional components are needed to unlock her secrets. While extensive writing exists that describes the connection between matter and energy and their physical basis, little work has been done to learn the special relationship between matter, energy, information, and
consciousness.
The document discusses the major theories that have been proposed regarding the nature of light over the past 3,000 years. It outlines six theories: 1) The tactile theory 2) The emission theory 3) The corpuscular theory 4) The wave theory 5) The electromagnetic theory 6) The quantum theory. For each theory, it discusses the key scientists who proposed them and the major ideas, including Descartes, Huygens, Newton, Maxwell, Planck, Einstein, and others. It also defines what a scientific theory and law are, and how theories of light have evolved as more evidence accumulated over centuries of study and experimentation.
The document discusses the scientific method and how it has evolved over time. It begins by defining science as the empirical study of nature. It then discusses three main methodologies in science: reductionism, which explains phenomena in terms of underlying mechanisms; structuralism, which studies complex phenomena as original systems; and "universalism", which makes statistical predictions about classes of similar systems. The document traces how these methodologies have developed from classical physics to modern fields like quantum mechanics and biology. It also explores how mythologies can provide metaphorical insights that inspire scientific hypotheses.
Physics plays an important role in soccer. Kinetic and potential energy allow players to kick the ball with force and accuracy. The physics of projectile motion determines how far and where the ball will go when kicked. Friction between shoes and the ground enables players to change direction quickly and stop or start with precision. Understanding physics can help soccer players improve their skills and performance.
1) Stephen Hawking summarized his 1980 lecture where he discussed the progress made in theoretical physics over the previous century and questioned if a complete unified theory could be found by the end of the 20th century.
2) In the 1960s, four fundamental forces were known - gravity, electromagnetism, and the strong and weak nuclear forces. Developments in the 1960s and 1970s unified electromagnetism and the weak force, though gravity remained separate.
3) Hawking proposes that like maps of the Earth's curved surface, there may be multiple overlapping theories needed to describe physics in all situations, rather than one single unified theory, though progress continues to be made theoretically through proposals
The document discusses how developments in science and humanities have challenged traditional reductionist views of the world. It provides examples from physics to illustrate this, including how quantum mechanics introduced uncertainty and probability, contradicting Newtonian ideas of determinism. Developments in logic and social science also introduced indeterminism. The document analyzes views of scientists like Newton, Einstein, Feynman, and Prigogine, as well as politicians and artists, on these changes. It explores how ideas from Chinese culture could contribute to developing a new, more inclusive civilization.
Estudo publicado que diz que para a vida em tamanha complexidade na terra, o Sol deixaria sua fase estrela e incineraria o planeta terra antes mesmo de qualquer vida pudesse existir, o que provaria que a vida na terra seria mesmo um "milagre".
The majority of physicists take it for granted that the universe is made up of matter. In turn, matter is composed of atoms; atoms are made up of particles such as electrons, protons, neutrons, etc. Also, protons
and neutrons are composed of quarks, etc. Furthermore, that everything in nature is governed by the known laws of physics and chemistry. The author only partially shares this view. He argues that many phenomena in the universe may depend on rules or factors as yet incorporated by the physical sciences.
The last few years have led him to reflect on the many unsolved physics problems, such as the quest for the theory of everything (ToE), the arrow of time, the interpretation of quantum mechanics, the fine-tuned
universe, etc. to mention just a few. The author posits that a field carries information, performs various mathematical and computational operations, and behaves as an intelligent entity embedded with consciousness.
The majority of physicists take it for granted that the universe is made up of matter. In turn, matter is
composed of atoms; atoms are made up of particles such as electrons, protons, neutrons, etc. Also, protons
and neutrons are composed of quarks, etc. Furthermore, that everything in nature is governed by the
known laws of physics and chemistry. The author only partially shares this view. He argues that many
phenomena in the universe may depend on rules or factors as yet incorporated by the physical sciences.
The last few years have led him to reflect on the many unsolved physics problems, such as the quest for the
theory of everything (ToE), the arrow of time, the interpretation of quantum mechanics, the fine-tuned
universe, etc. to mention just a few. The author posits that a field carries information, performs various
mathematical and computational operations, and behaves as an intelligent entity embedded with
consciousness.
WAVE-VISUALIZATION
1. Information gleaned from various sources. -“A BRIEF DESCRIPTION” - -Quantum physics is the physical theory that describes the behavior of matter, radiation and all their interactions views as both wave phenomena as either particle phenomena (wave-particle duality), unlike the classical Newtonian physics based on Isaac Newton's theories or, which sees for example the light just like wave and the electron just as a particle. ***In May 1926, Schrödinger proved that Heisenberg's matrix mechanics and his own wave mechanics made the same predictions about the properties and behaviour of the electron; mathematically, the two theories had an underlying common form. Yet the two men disagreed on the interpretation of their mutual theory. For instance, Heisenberg accepted the theoretical prediction of jumps of electrons between orbitals in an atom, but Schrödinger hoped that a theory based on continuous wave-like properties could avoid what he called (as paraphrased by Wilhelm Wien) "this nonsense about quantum jumps." The reconceived theory is formulated in various specially developed mathematical formalisms. In one of them, a mathematical function, the wave function, provides information about the probability amplitude of position, momentum, and other physical properties of a particle. Important applications of quantum mechanical theory include uperconducting magnets, light-emitting diodes and the laser, the transistor and semicoductors such as the microprocessor, medical and research imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging magnetic resonance and electron microscopy, and explanations for many biological and physical phenomena. Wave–particle duality is the fact that every elementary particle or quantic entity exhibits the properties of not only particles, but also waves. It addresses the inability of the classical concepts "particle" or "wave" to fully describe the behavior of quantum-scale objects. As Einstein wrote: "It seems as though we must use sometimes the one theory and sometimes the other, while at times we may use either. We are faced with a new kind of difficulty. We have two contradictory pictures of reality; separately neither of them fully explains the phenomena of light, but together they do". The wave view did not immediately displace the ray and particle view, but began to dominate scientific thinking about light in the mid 19th century, since it could explain polarization phenomena that the alternatives could not
The document discusses several key topics in cosmology and physics:
1. The fate and shape of the universe depends on factors like the amount of mass and the cosmological constant. Observable evidence suggests the expansion is accelerating.
2. Inflation theory posits that the early universe underwent extremely rapid expansion, which would explain the uniformity seen today.
3. The four fundamental forces were unified in the earliest moments. Grand unified theories aim to further combine them.
4. Some theories speculate our universe is one of many in a multiverse, with parallel universes arising from eternal inflation, quantum fluctuations, or different mathematical structures.
5. The anthropic principle notes our universe must
This theory is an attempt to describe the universal phenomena like space, time, matter and energy as an inter-relationship bound by a newly discovered force
named as the universal force. The universal force is shown to be the force of gravitation, electricity, magnetism, strong nuclear and weak nuclear forces. I believe any other force, hitherto fore not discovered; also, can be explained in
terms of this universal force
1. The document discusses whether science will ever be able to fully explain everything through its predictive testing methodology.
2. While science has made tremendous advances in explaining various natural phenomena, every new discovery leads to new questions, and science may be inherently limited in answering fundamental questions about meaning and purpose.
3. Some mysteries like "magic numbers" that appear throughout nature and the simplicity of laws governing the universe cannot be fully explained by science alone. Science may not have the tools to answer all questions.
1. The document discusses whether science will ever be able to fully explain everything through its predictive testing methodology.
2. While science has made tremendous advances in explaining various natural phenomena, every new discovery leads to new questions, and science may be inherently limited in answering fundamental questions about meaning and purpose.
3. Some mysteries like "magic numbers" that appear throughout nature and the simplicity of laws governing the universe cannot be fully explained by science alone. Science may not have the tools to answer all questions.
The Phase Theory towards the Unification of the Forces of Nature the Heart Be...IOSR Journals
A new theory has been presented, for the first time, called the "Phase Theory", which is the natural evolution of the physical thought and is considered the one beyond the super string theory. This theory solves the unsolved problems of the mysterious of matter, antimatter and interactions and makes a wide step towards the unification of the forces of nature. In this theory, the vibrating string of different frequency modes which determines the different types of elementary particles is replaced by a three dimensional infinitesimal pulsating (black)holes with the same frequency. Different types of elementary particles are determined by different phase angles associated with the same frequency. This allows the force of interactions to take place among elementary particles, without the need to invoke the notion of the force carrier particles, as the (stable) force of interactions can never take place between elementary particles at different frequencies. Besides the strong mathematical proofs given in this paper to prove its truthfulness, an experimental prediction has been given to confirm the theory presented in the form of the relation between the electron radius and quarks radii. The paper shows that quarks are direct consequence of this theory, and solves "the flavor problem" in QCD, and gives the clue to answer the questions of "Why are there so many flavors? The paper also derives the equation of the big bang theory which describes the singularity of the moment of creation of the universe.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
The reflexive universe synopsis
1. The Reflexive Universe-synopsis
I feel fortunate that one of my mentors has been Arthur M. Young, an iconoclastic
genius who invented the first, commercially licensed helicopter and later became a
philosopher of cosmology and process theory.
Arthur M. Young
Many thousands of lives have been saved as a result of his revolutionary invention. Yet,
the helicopter was only a tangible by-product of Young's deeper, lifelong search for a
philosophy that could integrate human consciousness with the physical, biological, and
social sciences. This is a far bolder endeavor than the search for a grand unified field
theory in physics. It is a project whose completion may well take many generations,
perhaps even millenia. I believe that Arthur Young's models stand as landmarks along
this great journey.
Young's work cannot be considered a theory in the strict scientific sense. It is larger
than a theory; it is a model of reality that goes beyond science. The potential value of
such a worldview, paradigm or model for the scientific endeavor is heuristic: it suggests
new avenues of inquiry. In this sense, Young's approach has been an inspiration to a
generation of scholars working on the leading edge of consciousness exploration --
including Kenneth Pelletier, Stanislav Grof, Saul-Paul Sirag and Frank Barr.
As an anchor point for understanding Young's cosmology, we can begin with the
formula for the volume of the Einstein-Eddington Universe, the boundary region of what
physicists call the hypersphere. It is 2p2r3. This is also the formula for the volume of a
torus (donut) with an infinitely small hole. It is in the torus topology that Young sees a
possible answer to the philosophical problem of the individual (or part, or microcosm)
versus the collective (or whole, or macrocosm). in a toroidal universe, a part can be
seemingly separate and yet connected with the rest.
If we think of the fence in the diagram below as separating the inner from the outer, the
torus provides a paradigm that permits us to see a monad as both separate from the
rest of the universe by the fence-and still connected to everything else through the core.
2. The core of the torus, with its infinitely small hole, is for Young a representation of inner
consciousness.
Young points out that magnetic fields, vortices and tornados all have the toroidal form.
The vortex is, in fact, the only manner in which a fluid can move on itself. Thus it is a
very suitable shape for the universe to have. We must, however, bear in mind that the
volume of the torus is three dimensional and is kin to the surface of the four-dimensional
hypersphere of Einstein and Eddington.
Suppose you had to draw a map on the surface of a torus so that all of the bordering
countries would be distinguished by differences in color. On an ordinary surface, say a
plane or sphere, such a map would require no more than four colors. The sphere
(4/3pr3) to Young is analogous to structure in the universe. Later we shall show how a
"cycle of action" divides the sphere from the torus which is, in Young's scheme,
analogous to universal process. It requires seven different colors to create a map on the
surface of a torus. Therefore, Young reasoned, there might be seven stages to process
just as there is a fourfold division to structure.
This inspiration is affirmed somewhat by ancient myths and cosmogonies. The Hindu,
Zoroastrian, Japanese and Genesis creation myths all describe a seven-stage process.
There are also seven rows to the periodic table of elements. Taking these cues, Young
divided all of nature into seven stages of process or evolution. The diagram below
illustrates the seven kingdoms of Young's "reflexive universe" arranged in an arc, on
four levels according to their relative degrees of uncertainty:
3. This chart symbolizes the mythological descent of spirit into matter and the
corresponding ascent of matter into spirit. The greatest amount of constraint and
symmetry occurs in the molecules' crystalline structure. This kingdom is most subject to
science's deterministic laws, and thus is most predictable. Both atoms and plants
possess radial or two dimensional symmetry. They have two degrees of constraint and
one degree of freedom, which constitutes their ability to store and release energy, within
certain boundaries, without any specified prompting from without. Animals have bilateral
symmetry along one dimension. Young believes that electrons and protons also
possess symmetry along one dimension.
The experiments of Lee and Yang, who discovered that chirality, or "handedness,"
characterizes nuclear particle reactions, suggests this possibility. Young points out that
"handedness" requires bilateral symmetry. Heisenberg's principle states that we are
uncertain of the position and the momentum of the nuclear particle. Young states that
this principle applies to the animal as well. Thus both nuclear particles and animals
possess one degree of constraint and two degrees of freedom.
The first kingdom, which Young refers to as light (or action), and the seventh kingdom,
of which humanity is a part, theoretically possess complete asymmetry and complete
freedom. A photon released at a certain point could be anywhere within a radius of
186,000 miles a second later. Furthermore, since observation annihilates a photon, it
cannot be predicted. Although light has no rest mass, when it is annihilated it can create
electrons and protons which do have mass. It has no charge, yet the particles it creates
do. In fact, for a pulse of light, time does not exist. Clocks stop at the speed of light.
Thus mass, energy, and time are born when the photon condenses into a particle. This
is the first step in the process that engenders the universe.
Young regards action as the primary constituent of the universe, and other measures
such as force (including gravity), energy and even time as derived parts of a whole
which manifests as action. He also introduces the notion of purpose or intention into his
scheme. The principle of least action is that light always follows the precise path that
gets it to its destination in the shortest possible time. Planck himself observed that this
principle expresses, "an explicitly teleological character."
Thus the photons which constitute a ray of light behave like intelligent human beings:
Out of all the possible curves they always select the one which will take them most
quickly to their goal.
Leibnitz, who discovered this principle, believed himself to have found evidence for an
ubiquitous higher reason ruling all of nature. This characterization of light is the one
exception to the exclusion of purpose from science. Purpose, associated with the
quantum of action, becomes the keynote of Arthur Young's theory. He draws on a rich,
although often discarded, tradition in science and philosophy.
...as Whitehead pointed out in his Function of Reason: "Scientists, animated by the
purpose of proving they are purposeless, constitute an interesting subject for study."
4. Young points out that 2ph is the quantum of uncertainty. Thus we have a fundamental
relationship between purpose and uncertainty, confirmed by the fact that h contains an
angle, 2p, which according to Eddington (the physicist from whom Young derives the
greatest inspiration), is a phase dimension. For Young, the 2p represents choice.
Uncertainty then is not so much a limitation upon science as the positive introduction of
purpose and choice and therefore free will.
Essentially then, a light pulse is a piece of uncertainty, and it is possible to account for
the chain of effects that it can produce. If it is of a high frequency, it can become a
nuclear particle, a proton, or an electron. Some uncertainty will become mass (or
certainty). Another step combines nuclear particles into atoms with a further loss of
uncertainty, followed by still more at the molecular stage. Nevertheless there still
remains enough uncertainty and choice of timing (phase dimension 2p) in certain large
molecules, within narrow temperature ranges, to extract energy from the environment
and build organizations that emerge as life.
Referring to Young's "grid," one notices each of the seven kingdoms is divided into
seven substages.
The turning point of the arc is the middle of the fourth substage of the molecular, or
fourth, kingdom. The fifth substage of the molecular kingdom represents the non-
functional (covalently bonded) polymers such as cellulose, celluloid, rayon, nylon,
dacron, etc. Young maintains that the distinguishing properties of these polymers is that
they grow, like cells, in chains or series of links. The growth of polymers reflects an
ability to store order -- to drain energy from the environment. This is an example of
negative entropy and a prelude to the living kingdoms which follow the turn of the arc.
This turn marks the beginning of consciousness in Young's theory -- although clearly not
anthropomorphic consciousness. The amount of indeterminacy here is very small
indeed, but it is such that it enables the molecule to use the laws of determinism to build
5. more complex structures and processes with even greater freedom. The 90ø turn in the
arc is a change in direction that symbolizes this freedom. Thus the uncertainty which is
unconscious on the left side of the arc achieves ever greater degrees of voluntary
control on the right side of the arc. Self control, as such, is generally not recognized in
classical physics. But, as was shown in the astrology section, Young assigned to it the
measure formula T3, the third derivative of position which is equivalent to the rate of
change in acceleration.
A logically elegant feature in Young's scheme is the way basic characteristics of each of
the seven kingdoms or stages (see the notated keywords on the grid) apply in an
analogous fashion to the corresponding seven sub-stages within each stage. Thus the
chain polymers in the fifth sub-stage of the molecular kingdom have the property of
growth referred to above which is characteristic of the fifth or plant kingdom.
Furthermore plants often consist of the polymers cellulose and lignin; so the fifth stage
growth involves the fifth sub-stage chemical. The ionic bonding in the second sub-stage
of the molecular kingdom is characterized by the binding potential of the sub-atomic
particles of the second kingdom. And, in fact, these particles are actively involved in
ionic bonding. A third example is the principle of mobility that manifests in the sixth
substage of the molecular kingdom, via the stretching proteins --- actin and myosm, as
well as in the sixth kingdom of animals. Actin and myosin are involved in the muscular
movements of animals. Numerous examples are evident throughout the grid.
One of the major characteristics of the fifth sub-stage of the animal kingdom is a
hierarchical series of organs from the head to the tail, through a segmented structure.
The earthworm is a typical example. This segmented organization occurs in the fifth
sub-stage of the molecular and plant kingdoms as well. In the sixth sub-stages of these
kingdoms, the structural property involves side chains attached to the main segmented
structure. This is evidenced in protein amino and side chains, the branches of
gymnosperms, and the jointed feelers and antennae of arthropods.
While recognizing the importance of DNA genetic material in the organization of
intercellular structure, Young shares the doubt previously expressed that the DNA code
can account for the hierarchy and diversity of organs. Furthermore he thinks animal
instinct cannot be explained by DNA. To account for this type of extra-cellular
organization, he postulates an organizing field. Young suggests that the corresponding
organizing principle in the fifth sub-stage of human beings (genus) is related to the
awakened Kundalini concept of the yogis.
References
In fact, Beyond Science, is the name of a television series, produced by Arthur Bloch,
based on the work of Arthur Young.
6. . Action has the measure formula Mass x Length2/Time and is always an integral
multiple of h, Planck's constant (in MKS units, 6.63 x 10-34 Joule-seconds). The
smallest whole unit of action is equivalent to h, which is the quantum. While energy is
proportional to frequency, action is a constant of the proportion between energy and
frequency (E=hv) and comes in wholes. Gravity, the strong force, and the weak force
can all be expressed in terms of action.
. Max Planck, Scientific Autobiography and Other Papers, trans by Frank Gaynor. New
York: Philosophical Library, 1949, p. 178. Quoted by Arthur Young in The Reflexive
Universe, New York: Delacorte, 1975.
. Alfred North Whitehead, The Function of Reason. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University
Press, 1929. Quoted by Arthur Young in The Reflexive Universe.
. Arthur M. Young, The Reflexive Universe.