Physics deals with the study of matter, energy, and their interactions. It explains physical phenomena in the universe through branches like classical physics, which studies mechanics, optics, acoustics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism. Measurement is central to physics and uses systems like the metric system, with fundamental SI units of meters, kilograms, seconds, and others. Physical quantities can be fundamental, like length and time, or derived from fundamental quantities.

1. PHYSICS: A
BASIC
SCIENCE

2. • Physics deals with the study of
matter and energy and their
interactions.
• It explains and describes the
physical happenings in the universe.
• It can also be defined as science of
measurement.

3. Branches of Physics
A. Classical Physics –
deterministic – it maintains that
things can be measured
precisely and known with
certainty.

4. Classical Physics
1. Mechanics – study of forces.
a. Kinematics – quantitative
description of motion.
b. Statics – study of forces at rest.
c. Dynamics – how motion is brought
about.

5. Classical Physics
2. Optics – study of light
a. Physical – nature properties
and propagation of light.
b. Physiological – vision
c. Geometrical – reflection and
refraction in mirrors and lenses.

6. Classical Physics
3. Acoustics – study of nature and
propagation of sound waves.
4. Thermodynamics – study of
temperature and energy, heat flow
and transformation of heat energy.

7. Classical Physics
3. Electromagnetism – properties and
relationship of electric current and
magnetism.
a. Electrostatics – electric charge at
rest.
b. Electrodynamics - moving charges

8. MEASUREMENT

9. • Measurement is a quantitative
description of a fundamental property.
• Used to describe quantities that can
be measured out of matter such as
length, mass, time, force, weight,
volume, temperature, luminous
intensity, etc.

10. Systems of Measurement
• 1. English System aka British
Engineering System
Used familiar objects and human
body parts as measuring devices.
Common household items such as cups,
gallons and baskets were used to
measure capacities.

11. Systems of Measurement
• 2. Metric System
From the Gr word metron – measure.
Most convenient and accurate because it uses
prefixes and standard unit of measurement.
International System of Measurement
(SI) – modernized version.

12. MULTIPLE AND
PREFIXES IN METRIC
SYSTEM

13. MULTIPLES AND SUBMULTIPLES PREFIX SYMBOL
1,000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000 = 1018 exa- F
1, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000 = 1015 peta- P
1, 000, 000, 000, 000 = 1012 tera- T
1, 000, 000, 000 = 109 giga- G
1, 000, 000 = 106 mega- M
1, 000 = 103 kilo- k
100 = 102 hecto- h
10 = 101 deca- da
Base Unit 1 = 100
0. 1 = 10-1 deci- d
0.01 = 10-2 centi- c
0.001 = 10-3 milli- m
0.000 001 = 10-6 micro- µ
0.000 000 001 = 10-9 nano- n
0.000 000 000 001 = 10-12 pino- p
0. 000 000 000 000 001 = 10-15 femto- f
0.000 000 000 000 000 001 = 10-18 atto- a

14. Categories of Physical Quantities
• A. Fundamental Quantities – basic
measurable quantities that has no
connection with each other.
• Fundamental units – express the
value of measurement based on
fundamental quantities.

15. Fundamental Quantities and SI Based Units
Quantity Unit Symbol
Length Meter m
Mass Kilogram kg
Time Second s
Temperature Kelvin K
Electric Current Ampere A
Amount of
Substance
Mole mol
Luminous Intensity Candela cd

16. Fundamental units
1. Meter(m) – based on the speed of light and
defined as the distance travelled by light
through vacuum in 1/299, 792, 456 of a
second.
2. Kilogram(kg) – based on a cylinder of
platinum-iridium alloy which is almost exactly
equal to the mass of one liter of water at 4°C.

17. Fundamental units
3. Second(s) – is the duration of 9, 192, 631, 770
cycles of the radiation associated with a
specified transition of Cesium-133 atom.
4. Ampere(A) – is the current which, if
maintained in each of two long parallel wires
separated by one meter in free space, would
produce force between the two wires of 2x10-7
N for each meter of length.

18. Fundamental units
5. Kelvin(K) – is the fraction of 1/273.16 of the
thermodynamic temperature of the triple point
of water.
The triple point of the substance is the temp.
and pressure at which three phases (gas, solid
and liquid) of that substance coexist in
thermodynamic equilibrium.

19. Fundamental units
6. Mole(mol) – is the amount of substance of a
system that contains as many elementary
entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kg of
Carbon-12.
7. Candela(cd) – is the luminous intensity in
which the radiant intensity is 1/683 watt per
steradian.

20. Categories of Physical Quantities
• B. Derived Quantities – defined in
terms of seven base quantities via a
system of quantity equations. It
Includes force, volume, energy,
power, work, density, velocity and
acceleration.

21. System of Units
• Complete set of units, both
fundamental and derived.
1. mks – meter-kilogram-second
2. cgs – centimeter-gram-second
3. fps – foot-pound-second

22. System of Units
Fundamental
Quantity
Derived
Quantity
Derived Units
SI BES
cgs mks fps
Length Volume cm3 m3 ft3
Length and
Time
Speed cm/s m/s ft/s
Mass and
Length
Density g/cm3 kg/m3 slug/ft3
Mass, Length
and Time
Force g.cm/s2 kg.m/s2 slug.ft/s2