This document provides an overview of physics as a branch of science, the nine major branches of physics, and concepts related to physical quantities and measurement in the International System of Units (SI). It defines physics as the study of matter, energy, and their interactions. The major branches covered are mechanics, heat, light, sound, electricity and magnetism, atomic physics, plasma physics, nuclear physics, and geophysics. It discusses physical quantities, base and derived units, prefixes, and standard notation used in physics.

2. Chapter :01
PHYSICAL
QUANTITIES
AND
MEASUREMENT

3. BEFORE STARTING THIS
VEDIO LET ME TELL YOU
THAT:
Several hundred years ago, Galileo and Newton
both discovered important laws about gravity. In
this century, probably the most famous scientist
was Albert Einstein; his "Theory of Relativity"
talks about all the strange things that happen
when you're moving almost as fast as light, and a
lot of other cool stuff and their was only one
subject known as natural philosphy

5. Introduction to Physics
 The branch of science concerned with the
nature and properties of matter and energy.
 There are nine major branches of physics
 Science: the intellectual and practical
activity encompassing the systematic study
of the structure and behavior of the
physical and natural world through
observation and experiment. The word
is derived from the Latin word scienta.
 .
 .

6. BRANCHES
OF
PHYSICS

7. Mechanics
 Mechanics: It is the study of motion of
objects , its causes and effects.
 An example of mechanics is the
distance it takes for a car going 30mph
to stop.

8. Heat
 Heat: It deals with the nature of heat, modes
of transfer of heat and effects of heat. There
are three ways of transfer of heat(
CONVECTION, CONDUCTION,
RADIATION)
 The biggest example of heat energy in our
solar system is the sun itself. ..

9. Light
 Light(OPTICS): It is the study of
physical aspects of light,its properties,
working and use of optical instruments.
 There are many example we see in our
routine life carrying light

10. Sound
 A vibrating object will produce sound waves
in the air. For example, when the head of a
drum is hit with a mallet, the drumhead
vibrates and produces sound waves. The
vibrating drumhead produces sound waves
because it moves alternately outward and
inward, pushing against, then moving away
from, the air next to it.

11. Electricity and magnetism
 Electricity and magnetism the study of
the charges at rest and in motion, their
effects and their relationship with
magnetism.
Example of electricity and magnetism at
work is in an atom, since an electron is a
charge which moves about the nucleus, in
effect it forms a current loop, and hence a
magnetic field may be associated with an
individual atom.

12. Atomic Physics
 Atomic physics: It’s the study of
the structure and the
properties of atomsDalton's atomic theory proposed that all
matter was composed of atoms, indivisible
and indestructible building blocks. While
all atoms of an element were identical,
different elements had atoms of differing
size and mass

13. Plasma Physics
 Plasma physics: It’s the study of
production, properties of the ionic state
of matter-the fourth state of matter.
Plasma, in physics, an electrically conducting
medium in which there are roughly equal numbers
of positively and negatively charged particles,
produced when the atoms in a gas become
ionized. It is sometimes referred to as the fourth
state of matter, distinct from the solid, liquid, and
gaseous states

14. Nuclear Physics
 Nuclear physics is the study of the protons
and neutrons at the centre of an atom and
the interactions that hold them together in a
space just a few femtometres (10-15
meters) across
Example nuclear reactions include
radioactive decay, fission, the break-up
of a nucleus, and fusion, the merging of
nuclei.

15. Geophysics
 Geophysics: It is the study of internal
structure of the Earth.
Major areas of
modern geophysical research include
seismology, volcano logy and geothermal
studies, tectonics, geomagnetism, geodesy,
hydrology, oceanography, atmospheric
sciences, planetary science, and mineral
physics. Geophysics has many practical
applications.

16. PHYSICAL QUANTITIES
• The another example of physical quantity is that
when a grocer says that each sugar bag contains
5 kg, he is describing its numerical magnitude as
well as the unit of measurement. It would be
meaningless to state 5 or kg only.
• Physical quantities are of two types:
1. BASE QUANTITIES
2. DERIVED QUANTITIES

17. PHYSICAL QUANTITIES
• A physical quantity is quantity which can
be measured.
For Example: length, mass, time, temperature,
electric current, light intensity, volume and many
others.
• A physical quantity is always measured of
natural non-living objects.
• Physical quantities have numerical magnitude
and unit.
For Example: If the length of a student is 104cm,
then 104 is its numerical magnitude and cm is the
unit of measurement.

18. UNITS
• SI Units- International System of Units
•What is unit?
Once a standard is set for quantity then it
can be expressed in terms of that standard
quantity. This standard quantity is called a
unit.
• The eleventh General Conference on Weight
and Measures held in Paris in 1960 adopted a
world-wide system of measurements called
International System of Units. The International
System of Units is referred as SI.

19. PREFIXES
• Prefixes are the words or letters which we add
to the beginning of a word to make a new
word.
• For example, the word ‘’unhappy” consists
of the prefix “un” (which means not)
combined with the stem word “unhappy”
means “not happy”.
• SI units have advantage that their multiples
and sub- multiples can be expressed in terms
of prefixes.

20. BASE
QUANTITIES• Base quantities are the quantities on the basis
of which other quantities are expressed.
• There are seven base quantities which
include length, mass, time, temperature,
intensity of light and amount of a
substance.

21. DERIVED
QUANTITIES
• Derived quantities are the quantities which
are expressed in terms of base quantities.
• These include area, volume, speed, force,
work, energy, power, electric charge.

22. BASE UNITS AND DERIVED
UNITS
• The SI unit contains base units and derived units.
BASE UNITS: The units that describe base
quantities are called base units.

23. BASE UNITS AND DERIVED
UNITS
DERIVED UNITS:
Derived units are the units used to measure
derived quantities.

24. TABLE OF
PREFIXES

25. PREFIXES
•Note that the kilogram is the only SI unit with
a prefix as part of its name and symbol.
Because multiple prefixes may not be used, in
the case of the kilogram the prefix names
are used with the unit name "gram" and the
prefix symbols are used with the unit symbol
"g." With this exception, any SI prefix may be
used with any SI unit, including the degree
Celsius and its symbol °C.

26. SI
PREFIXES
MULTIPLES AND SUB-MULTIPLES OF LENGHT

27. SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
• Scientific notation is a way to write large or
small numbers with some power of ten.
• Scientific notation has a number of useful
properties and is commonly used in calculators, by
scientists, mathematicians and engineers.
• For example, a number 62750 can be expressed as
62.758 X103 or 6.275X104 or 0.6275X105.
• All these are correct but the number that has one
non-zero digit before the decimal e.g.6.275X104
referable be taken as a standard form.
• Similarly the standard form of 0.00045 s is 4.5X10-4s.

28. Meter Ruler
 A meter ruler is a length measuring
instrument. It is commonly used in the
laboratories to measure length of an object
or distance between two points. It is one
meter long which is equal to 100
centimeters. Each centimeter(cm) is
divided into small divisions called
milimeter(mm).One milimeter is the
smallest reading that can be taken using a
meter ruler and it is called as least count.
 Least Count of meter ruler=0.1cm or 1mm

29. HOPE YOU LIKE MY VEDIO
THANKS FOR WATCHING
PREPARED BY: RABIA
MEHMOOD

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