The document presents a study on the physico-chemical analysis of groundwater quality in urban Bangalore, utilizing GIS and remote sensing techniques to assess its suitability for drinking. The research finds that groundwater quality varies, with certain sites classified as having poor quality, indicating potential contamination issues. Objectives include generating spatial variation maps and assessing the overall groundwater quality using water quality index (WQI) metrics.

1. HKBK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
“PHYSICO-CHEMICALANALYSIS OF GROUND WATER QUALITY OF
AND APPLICATION OF GIS AND REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUE”
SLIDE NO 1

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 LITERATURE REVIEW
 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROPOSED WORK
 SCOPE OF THE PROPOSED WORK
 PHYSICO CHEMICAL PARAMETERS
 PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE APPARATUS USED FOR PHYSICO
CHEMICALANALYSIS
 METHODOLOGY OF THE PROPOSED WORK
 STUDY AREA MAP
 GPS DEVICE
 REMOTE SENSING DATA
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
 SPATIAL VARIATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS
 GROUND WATER QUALITY MAP
 CONCLUSIONS
 REFERENCES
SLIDE NO 2

3. INTRODUCTION
Physico-Chemical Analysis: It basically refers to the analysis
of physical and chemical parameters of water
IMPORTANCE:
 It enables us to determine the extent to which water is
potable for drinking
 It is helpful in determining whether the groundwater is
contaminated with sewage or not
SLIDE NO 3

4.  Recently, G. Sheeba, Anjaneyulu Jalagam and Padma
Venkatasubramanian (November 2017) conducted the study
on various parameters of ground water in peri urban
Bengaluru. They found that the ground water was poor in
quality with refence to its chemical and various other
parameters
 Therefore, it may be possible that the residents of Bangalore
Urban may be utilizing ground water which is unhygienic.
Thus, this is one of our motive to carry out this project.
LITERATURE REVIEW
SLIDE NO 4

5. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROPOSED WORK
 To analyze the ground water quality of bangalore urban area
by determining various physico-chemical parameters
 To learn and apply the technique of GIS AND REMOTE
SENSING for groundwater quality assessment
 To assess the suitability of groundwater for drinking
purposes
 To generate the spatial variation maps of various physico-
chemical parameters by using ArcGIS
 Finally, to generate ground water quality map with the help
of the software ArcGIS 10.5 by using WQI
SLIDE NO 5

6. SCOPE OF THE PROPOSED WORK
 The physico-chemical analysis of ground water quality helps
us to determine whether the ground water is contaminated
with impurities such as sewage or not.
 This analysis helps us to determine whether the polluted
water has been infiltrated into the groundwater.
 This analysis also helps us to determine the extent to which
groundwater is safe for drinking, bathing, washing utensils,
etc.
 This enables us to determine the suitability of groundwater
for drinking purpose which is vital aspect of this project.
SLIDE NO 6

7.  Turbidity
 pH
 Alkalinity
 Electrical conductivity
 Total solids
 Total Dissolved Solids
 Dissolved Oxygen
 Lead content
 Sulphate
 Nitrate
 Total Hardness
 Suspended Solids
PHYSICO CHEMICAL PARAMETERS
SLIDE NO 7

8. PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE APPARATUS USED FOR
PHYSICO CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
TURBIDITY METER pH METER
SLIDE NO 8

9. PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE APPARATUS USED FOR
PHYSICO CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
BUNSEN BURNER ALONG
WITH
EVAPORATING DISH
MAGNETIC STIRRER
SLIDE NO 9

10. PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE APPARATUS USED FOR
PHYSICO CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
SPECTROPHOTOMETER DIGITAL CONDUCTIVITY METER
SLIDE NO 10

11. METHODOLOGY
SLIDE NO 11

12. SLIDE NO 12

13. GPS DEVICE
 Remote Sensing data (GPS Data) was
collected with the help of the instrument as
shown
 GPS data of all the Selected Sampling
points was collected in terms of latitude
north of equator and longitude east of
meridian
SLIDE NO 13

14. REMOTE SENSING DATA
SLIDE NO 14

15. RESULTS
SAMPLES
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
SLIDE NO 15
Lead (mg/l) Total Solids (mg/l) Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm) Turbidity in NTU Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l) GROUND_WQI
0.0034 2500 3.726 0.00 2500 33.842
0.0019 2000 2.164 0.00 1500 19.075
0.0037 2500 3.326 0.00 2000 36.904
0.0049 2000 2.945 0.00 2000 48.603
0.0081 2500 3.718 0.00 2500 80.218
0.0038 2000 2.475 0.00 1500 37.767
0.0044 2500 3.297 0.00 2000 43.688
0.0039 2500 3.627 0.00 2500 38.833
0.0057 1500 2.731 0.00 1500 56.529
0.0040 2000 2.147 0.00 1500 39.680
0.0039 1500 2.265 0.00 1500 38.712
0.0021 2500 3.729 0.00 2500 20.972
Ph with pH meter Alkalinity (mg/l) Sulphate as SO4 (mg/l) Nitrate as NO3 (mg/l) Total hardness as CaCo3 (mg/l)
7.25 84.00 75.41 20.25 348.00
8.08 272.00 45.89 2.83 268.00
7.52 328.00 83.00 20.70 324.00
7.10 176.00 179.05 19.99 195.00
6.96 244.00 161.62 45.64 724.00
7.34 220.00 67.47 14.03 240.00
7.06 320.00 68.06 16.33 528.00
8.20 190.00 71.14 8.74 656.00
7.68 184.00 109.44 6.31 260.00
6.85 128.00 24.30 17.40 172.00
6.66 186.00 115.61 32.04 182.00
6.92 96.00 35.21 21.59 272.00
SAMPLES
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

16. 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
pH
Ph with pH meter pH with pH paper
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Ph with pH meter
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
pH with pH paper
Acceptable limit as per IS10500:2012 is 6.5-8.5
SLIDE NO 16

17. Acceptable limit as per IS10500:2012 is 200 ppm Permissible limit as per IS10500:2012 is 600 ppm
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Alkalinity (mg/l)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Alkalinity (mg/l)
SLIDE NO 17

18. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
SULPHATE as SO4 (mg/l)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Sulphate as SO4 (mg/l)
Acceptable limit as per IS10500:2012 is 200 ppm Permissible limit as per IS10500:2012 is 400 ppm
SLIDE NO 18

19. 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Nitrate as NO3 (mg/l)
Acceptable limit as per IS10500:2012 is 45 ppm
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Nitrate as NO3 (mg/l)
SLIDE NO 19

20. 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Total hardness as CaCo3 (mg/l)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Total hardness as CaCo3 (mg/l)
Acceptable limit as per IS10500:2012 is 200 ppm Permissible limit as per IS10500:2012 is 600 ppm
SLIDE NO 20

21. 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l)
SLIDE NO 21

22. 0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Electrical Conductivity (mS/cm)
SLIDE NO 22

23. Acceptable limit as per IS10500:2012 is 0.01 ppm
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.009
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Lead (mg/l)
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.009
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Lead (mg/l)
SLIDE NO 23

24. 0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Total Solids (mg/l)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Total Solids (mg/l)
SLIDE NO 24

25. 0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l)
Acceptable limit as per IS10500:2012 is 500 ppm Permissible limit as per IS10500:2012 is 2000 ppm
SLIDE NO 25

26. Ground Water Quality
depends on Water Quality
Index (WQI)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Water Quality Index (WQI)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Water Quality Index (WQI)
SLIDE NO 26

27. This Sample was taken from HBR LAYOUT and it lies in latitude North 13˚02'7.64“ of equator
and longitude East 077˚37'51.66“ of meridian
Since WQI is 33.842 the ground water quality of this sampling point as per water quality index
model is GOOD
SLIDE NO 27

28. This Sample was taken from SAGAYAPURAM and it lies in latitude North 13˚00'19.82“ of
equator and longitude East 077˚36'59.26“ of meridian
Since WQI is 19.075 the ground water quality of this sampling point as per water quality index
model is EXCELLENT
SLIDE NO 28

29. This Sample was taken from MUNESHWARA NAGAR and it lies in latitude North 13˚02'14.69“
of equator and longitude East 077˚36'11.90“ of meridian
Since WQI is 36.904 the ground water quality of this sampling point as per water quality index
model is GOOD
SLIDE NO 29

30. This Sample was taken from VISHWANATH NAGENAHALLI and it lies in latitude North
13˚02'14.69“ of equator and longitude East 077˚36'10.89“ of meridian
Since WQI is 48.603 the ground water quality of this sampling point as per water quality index
model is GOOD
SLIDE NO 30

31. This Sample was taken from KACHARAKANAHALLI and it lies in latitude North 13˚01'5.67“ of
equator and longitude East 077˚38'3.54“ of meridian
Since WQI is 80.218 the ground water quality of this sampling point as per water quality index
model is VERY POOR
SLIDE NO 31

32. This Sample was taken from JAKKURU-2 and it lies in latitude North 13˚04'46.84“ of equator
and longitude East 077˚36'52.21“ of meridian
Since WQI is 37.767 the ground water quality of this sampling point as per water quality index
model is GOOD
SLIDE NO 32

33. This Sample was taken from NAGAWARA and it lies in latitude North 13˚01'58.56“ of equator
and longitude East 077˚37'4.30“ of meridian
Since WQI is 43.688 the ground water quality of this sampling point as per water quality index
model is GOOD
SLIDE NO 33

34. This Sample was taken from HORAMAVU and it lies in latitude North 13˚02'33.47“ of equator
and longitude East 077˚39'18.26“ of meridian
Since WQI is 38.833 the ground water quality of this sampling point as per water quality index
model is GOOD
SLIDE NO 34

35. This Sample was taken from THANISANDRA and it lies in latitude North 13˚03'8.91“ of equator
and longitude East 077˚37'24.30“ of meridian
Since WQI is 56.529 the ground water quality of this sampling point as per water quality index
model is POOR
SLIDE NO 35

36. This Sample was taken from KEMPEGOWDA WARD and it lies in latitude North 13˚07'37.95“
of equator and longitude East 077˚35'49.60“ of meridian
Since WQI is 39.680 the ground water quality of this sampling point as per water quality index
model is GOOD
SLIDE NO 36

37. This Sample was taken from BYATARAYANAPURA and it lies in latitude North 13˚04'1.35“ of
equator and longitude East 077˚35'27.83“ of meridian
Since WQI is 38.712 the ground water quality of this sampling point as per water quality index
model is GOOD
SLIDE NO 37

38. This Sample was taken from JAKKURU and it lies in latitude North 13˚06’05” of equator and
longitude East 077˚38'28" of meridian
Since WQI is 20.972 the ground water quality of this sampling point as per water quality index
model is EXCELLENT
SLIDE NO 38

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48. SLIDE NO 48

49. CONCLUSION
SLIDE NO 49

50. REFERENCES
 Environmental Protection Administration, R.O.C., Taiwan. Environmental Water Quality
Information.
 This analysis helps us to determine whether the water is suitable for irrigation purposes
 K. L. Prakash and R. K. Somashekar. Groundwater quality - Assessment on Anekal Taluk,
Bangalore Urban district, India. Journal of Environmental Biology October 2006, 27(4) 633-637
(2006).
 T., Subramani, S. Krishnan, and P.K., Kumaresan. Study of Groundwater Quality with GIS
Application for Coonoor Taluk in Nilgiri District. International Journal of Modern Engineering
Research. 2012. 2 (3) 586-592.
 Amanial Haile Reda. Physico-Chemical Analysis of Drinking Water Quality of Arbaminch
Town. Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology
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