This document discusses pyrometers, which are thermometers used to measure high temperatures without physical contact by measuring the electromagnetic radiation of an object. It describes the principle of pyrometers, which involves measuring the thermal radiation emitted by an object based on its temperature. Two main types of pyrometers are discussed: radiation pyrometers and optical pyrometers. Advantages of pyrometers include their ability to measure very high temperatures without contact and their high output and accuracy. Disadvantages include requiring a direct line of sight and potential for emissivity errors. Pyrometers are useful for applications where contact thermometers cannot be used or when measuring large surface areas.
Radiation pyrometry and temperature sensorYasin Latif
We discuss the working principle and construction of different temperature sensors like
radiation pyrometer ,filled system thermometer and bimetallic thermometer.their advantages
disadvantages and industrial application etc.
Radiation pyrometry and temperature sensorYasin Latif
We discuss the working principle and construction of different temperature sensors like
radiation pyrometer ,filled system thermometer and bimetallic thermometer.their advantages
disadvantages and industrial application etc.
A short study of an Optical Pyrometer- a device which is udsed to measure the temperature of an object by comparing it's luminous intensity with a reference value
Non-intrusive Methods of Temperature Measurement ( Radiation Thermometry )rajguptanitw
A radiation thermometer is an instrument which collects radiation from a target and produces an output signal, usually electrical, related to the radiance, which is used to infer the temperature of the target.
The wavelength of maximum emission varies between 10.6 mm at 0°C and 1.3 mm at 2000C.
For most measurement applications, radiation is emitted predominantly in the visible, near- and middle-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
A radiation thermometer is an instrument which collects radiation from a target and produces an output signal, usually electrical, related to the radiance, which is used to infer the temperature of the target.
The basic measurement system for a radiation thermometer comprises the following elements.
(1) The target of measurement.
(2) An optical system which collects and directs the radiation.
Elements of the optical system may also be used to modify the spectral response of the thermometer.
(3) A sensor which produces a signal, usually electrical, related to the incident energy flux.
(4) A reference source which may be physically situated in the instrument itself or located in a calibration laboratory.
(5) A means of signal processing and display.
Fluke offers the latest in non-contact infrared (IR) thermometers (sometimes known as infrared pyrometers) and contact thermometers, probes, accessories, and application expertise for a complete range of temperature applications. Fluke backs all of its handheld thermometers with a no-hassle 2-year warranty and the highest level of customer service.
Gives a brief introduction about temperature measurement and its unit. it also enumerates the different techniques employed in temperature measurement.
A short study of an Optical Pyrometer- a device which is udsed to measure the temperature of an object by comparing it's luminous intensity with a reference value
Non-intrusive Methods of Temperature Measurement ( Radiation Thermometry )rajguptanitw
A radiation thermometer is an instrument which collects radiation from a target and produces an output signal, usually electrical, related to the radiance, which is used to infer the temperature of the target.
The wavelength of maximum emission varies between 10.6 mm at 0°C and 1.3 mm at 2000C.
For most measurement applications, radiation is emitted predominantly in the visible, near- and middle-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
A radiation thermometer is an instrument which collects radiation from a target and produces an output signal, usually electrical, related to the radiance, which is used to infer the temperature of the target.
The basic measurement system for a radiation thermometer comprises the following elements.
(1) The target of measurement.
(2) An optical system which collects and directs the radiation.
Elements of the optical system may also be used to modify the spectral response of the thermometer.
(3) A sensor which produces a signal, usually electrical, related to the incident energy flux.
(4) A reference source which may be physically situated in the instrument itself or located in a calibration laboratory.
(5) A means of signal processing and display.
Fluke offers the latest in non-contact infrared (IR) thermometers (sometimes known as infrared pyrometers) and contact thermometers, probes, accessories, and application expertise for a complete range of temperature applications. Fluke backs all of its handheld thermometers with a no-hassle 2-year warranty and the highest level of customer service.
Gives a brief introduction about temperature measurement and its unit. it also enumerates the different techniques employed in temperature measurement.
the above PPT will give a brief idea of the measuring device used in the field of Mechanical Engineering with images related to the topics in the field of measurement.
This ppt consists of an easy way to represent the basic idea of transducer, its types, constructional details, applications, advantages & disadvantages.
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
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3. • Transducers is a device which convert mechanical force
into electrical energy. We can also define transducers as
device which transform energy from one form to
another.
Example Photo conductor which converts light intensity into a change of
resistance.
Thermocouple which converts heat energy into electrical energy.
Transducers
4. Transducers can be classified Primary and secondary
Active and Passive
Analog and Digital
Inverse Transducers
Classification of transducers
5. Primary Transducer: The Mechanical device which converts physical
quantity
to
be
measured
into
a
mechanical
signal.
Secondary Transducer: The Electrical device which converts this
mechanical signal to the electrical signal.
Analog Transducer: These Transducers convert input quantity to an analog
output which is continuous function of time. Ex-Thermocouple or
Thermistor which gives analog output.
Digital Transducers- These converts the input quantity into an electrical
output which is in the form of pulses.
Passive Transducers: These transducers which require an auxiliary power
source to produce their output. Hence they are also known as externally
power transducers. Ex-Resistive, Capacitive, Inductive.
Active Transducers: These transducers which do not require an auxiliary
power source to produce their output. Ex- Thermocouple, photo voltaic
cells, etc
Inverse Transducers: These transducers converts an electrical quantity into
a non-electrical quantity. Ex-Piezo electric crystal.
6. • Antenna – converts propagating electromagnetic waves
to and from conducted electrical signals.
• Loudspeaker, earphone – converts electrical signals into
sound (amplified signal → magnetic field → motion → air
pressure)
Application
7. • Hydrophone – converts changes in water pressure into
an electrical signal.
• Microphone – converts sound into an electrical signal
(air pressure → motion of conductor/coil → magnetic
field → electrical signal)
8. Low Current consumption.
Operates in extremely cold temperature.
Power requirement is very low for controlling the
electrical or electronic system.
Advantages & Disadvantages
9. The mass inertia effect are minimized.
Effect of friction are minimized.
Electrical and electronic system is easily controlled with a
very small power level.
The
electrical
output
can
easily
be
used, transmitted, processed for the purpose of
measurement.
Advantages of Electrical
Transducers
11. • A Temperature is a numerical measure of hot or cold. Its
measurement is by detection of heat radiation or particle
velocity or kinetic energy, or by the bulk behavior of
a thermometric material.
Temperature
12. Heat
Temperature
Definition:
Heat is energy that is
transferred from one
body to another as the
result of a difference in
temperature.
Temperature is
a measure of hotness or
coldness expressed in
terms of any of several
arbitrary scales like
Celsius and Fahrenheit.
Symbol
Q
T
Unit
Joules
Kelvin, Celsius or
Fahrenheit
SI unit:
Joule
Kelvin
Particles:
Heat is a measure of how
many atoms there are in
a substance multiplied by
how much energy each
atom possesses.
Temperature is related to
how fast the atoms
within a substance are
moving.
Ability to do work:
Heat has the ability to do Temperature can only be
work.
used to measure the
degree of heat.
Temperature Vs Heat
14. Pyrometer
A pyrometer is a type of thermometer used to
measure high temperatures. It is used for measuring
temperature without any physical contact. Its is used for
measuring body temperature by measuring its
electromagnetic radiation.
15. • Its principle depends upon the relationship between
temperature of a hot body and electromagnetic
radiation emitted by the body. When a body is heated it
emits thermal energy known as heat radiation. It is a
technique for determining a body temperature by
measuring its electromagnetic radiation.
Principle of Pyrometer
16. • It is used for high temperature measurement. At high
temperature other transducers such as thermometer may
melt due to direct physical contact but pyrometer can be
used for high temperature measurement without any
physical contact.
Pyrometer Vs other
temperature transducers
20. • It can measure very high temperatures as no contact
is required.
• They have high output and moderate cost.
• They possess fast response speed.
• It has a good accuracy.
• It is light in weight.
Advantages of Pyrometer
21. • It requires direct line of sight to the object (or furnace) which
the temperature is to be measured
• It is subjected to emissivity error
• The scale is non-linear
• It is expensive
Disadvantages of Pyrometer
22. • They can measure temperature above the range of
thermocouple.
• They can be use in the environment where the use of
thermocouple is limited.
• They are used for the target which would be damaged any
contact with primary elements like thermocouples.
• They are used for measurement of Average temperature
of large surface area.
Applications of Pyrometer
23. If you have any doubt regarding this slide just inform me.
I love to solve it…….thank you.
Editor's Notes
Scale: 1. Zero Error: The difference in value between the theoretical and practical calculation in the curve is the zero error. 2.Sensitivity error: these error occurs when the output deviates from correct value by content value.Dynamic: Occur only when input quantity is varying with time.Error due to noise and drift: Both vary with time, in case of noise- consist of random amplitude and random frequency but drift: is slow change with time.Both are independent of input signal.