This document provides an introduction to phrasal verbs in English. It begins by defining a phrasal verb as a verb combined with a particle, which can be a preposition or adverb. Some phrasal verbs have a literal meaning, while others have a figurative meaning. It then lists over 20 common phrasal verbs along with their definitions and examples. The document concludes with practice questions for the reader to test their understanding of phrasal verbs.
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1. LEARNING LINK: PHRASAL VERBS – INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
A What is a phrasal verb?
A phrasal verb consists of a verb + one or more particles. A particle is a preposition or an adverb.
• help with (verb + preposition)
• put away (verb + adverb)
B What do phrasal verbs mean?
• Some phrasal verbs have a literal meaning, e.g. fill in in this sentence:
He filled in the form.
(The speaker here is literally filling in the spaces on a form by writing his details.)
• Some phrasal verbs have a figurative (= non‐literal) meaning, e.g. fall out in this sentence:
I fell out with my brother and now he isn’t speaking to me.
(The speaker here has not literally fallen out of anything.
‘Fall out’ here means ‘had an argument’.)
• You have to learn whether a phrasal verb has a literal or a figurative meaning. Watch out! Some
phrasal verbs have more than one meaning. For example:
I got on the bus (I moved from the outside to the inside of the bus.)
My parents and I really get on. (My parents and I have a good relationship.)
C What are some common phrasal verbs?
There are many phrasal verbs in the English language, and they are frequently used in spoken and
informal English. See some very common examples below; also help out, fall out, fill in, get on and
put away, above. There are too many phrasal verbs to list here: see a dictionary for more examples.
Phrasal verb Definition Example
break down stop working The car broke down on the motorway.
carry on continue doing You must carry on studying a bit longer.
clean up make clean and tidy Please clean up the house.
come across find by chance I came across this dog on my way home.
find out discover information He found out that Sara liked him.
get up get out of bed I get up at 7:00 every morning.
give up stop doing something You ought to give up smoking.
grow up move into adulthood We grew up in a quiet neighbourhood.
hang on (informal) wait Hang on! I’m coming!
hurry up move more quickly If you don’t hurry up, we’ll be late!
look after take care of I hate looking after my little brother.
look for try to find I’m looking for my mobile. I think I’ve lost it.
look into investigate We need to look into this problem.
look forward to anticipate with pleasure I’m really looking forward to the film.
make up invent It isn’t true – I made the story up.
point out bring to someone’s attention I pointed out that she was wrong.
put on wear Put on a jumper – it’s cold.
put off decide to do later Don’t put off your homework, do it now.
2. Phrasal verb Definition Example
run out of finish a supply of We’ve run out of milk. I’ll buy some more.
split up finish a romantic relationship Eva and Ximo split up.
set off depart for somewhere We set off after lunch, and arrived at six.
take after resemble (a family member) You really take after your dad.
take off (of a plane) leave the ground The plane took off at midday.
take up begin a new activity I think I’ll take up surfing.
throw away discard as rubbish You should throw those old jeans away.
turn down/up make quieter/louder Please turn down the music!
turn on/off make a gadget (in)active Let’s turn on the TV and see what’s on.
turn out eventually prove (to be) It turned out to be a lovely day.
wash up clean (food utensils) I hate washing up all the dirty plates.
work out find (the solution) Help! I can’t work out the answer!
PRACTICE
Answer the questions. Then look at the answer key at the bottom of the page.
1 Choose the correct particle to complete the sentences.
1 We need to set after / off / up for the airport in five minutes.
2 I’d like to point across / after / out that this evidence is inaccurate.
3 What a mess! Clean after / off / up your bedroom immediately!
4 Can you help me? I’m looking for / on / up this top in a smaller size.
5 You really take across / after / up your mum. You’ve both got the same eyes.
6 We need to work into / on / out the solution to this problem before it gets worse.
7 The bus broke away / down / up on the way to school.
8 You need to put on / off / up some boots – it’s muddy outside.
2 Complete the text with the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the list.
fall out • get on • grow up • look after • look forward to • wash up
I (1) ____________________ in a small town in Yorkshire. We were a large family, and I often
had to help my parents (2) ____________________ my little brothers and sisters. Most of the time, we
(3) ____________________ well with each other, but sometimes we argued and
(4) ____________________ . Most of the arguments were about housework – we loved eating, and
always (5) ____________________ dinner, but no one ever wanted to (6) ____________________ all
the plates afterwards!
3 Look at the list of phrasal verbs above. Study it for two minutes. Then cover the list, and try to
write down as many phrasal verbs as you can remember. Less than 10? You need to do more
revision! Over 25? Well done – that’s a brilliant score!
FINAL TIP: Remember to write down new phrasal verbs and revise them regularly.
ANSWERS (turn the page upside‐down to view)
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