This document discusses phrasal verbs, which are verb phrases consisting of a verb and a particle such as a preposition or adverb. It provides examples of phrasal verbs with adverbs and prepositions. It explains that phrasal verbs can be difficult for English language learners because their meaning depends on the particle and they are not directly translatable. The document also discusses separable and inseparable phrasal verbs, common mistakes made by ELLs, and provides a sample lesson plan for teaching phrasal verbs.

1. TDC 1
Pedagogical Grammar
Phrasal Verbs

2. Phrasal Verbs
Look at these two sentences:
•Peter came up with an excellent idea.
•Peter put his hands up.
Which one has a phrasal verb in it?
• come up with verb phrase
Phrasal verbs are also called two-word verbs or three-word verbs
A phrasal verb consists of a VERB + a particle (preposition or an
adverb).
Examples:
•Peter got up late. (adverb)
•Peter turned off the lights. (preposition)

3. ELLs avoidusing phrasalverbs firstbecause they do not know of their
existanceand thenbecause they seem to be more difficult.
Thereis a singleword equivalentto almostall phrasalverbs in the dictionary,
theseequivalentsare oftenof Latinorigin.
Examples:
•Could you put out your cigarrete? (Anglo-Saxon form)
•Please extinguish all smoking materials. (Latin form)
•Did you throw up? (Anglo-Saxon form)
•This medicine may cause young children to vomit. ( Latin form)
Consider these sentences:
Sentence Meaningful Parts
She ran up the hill. SUBJ. + VERB + PREP. PHRASE
She ran up the bill. SUBJ. + VERB + DIR. OBJ.
oA phrasal verb to convey its meaning must never be missing one of
its parts.
oLatin-based verbs are more used in formal situations.

4. Why are phrasal verbs so difficult?
Just like any other verb, phrasal verbs determine the meaning of an entire
sentence. Because very few languages have phrasal verbs, the idea of multiple
words to express one action is hard to assimilate.
a) If you change the particle of a phrasal verb, you change its meaning
completely.
Examples:
• We managed to get our message across. (make other people understand it)
• We found a way to get around our problems. ( to overcome or escape)

5. b) Phrasal verbs are often polysemic
Polysemy of Take Up
Meanings Examples
1. Reduce in size, alter Please take up these pants.
2. To continue something after I’d like to take up the the point you
somebody else has stopped raised earlier.
3. consume Buying a car took up all my savings.
4. Develop an interest on something I took up tennis in college.
new
5. Absorb, internalize A sponge takes up water.
6. Accept a challenge or an offer We took up his offer in 2008
7. Deal with, work with Let’s take up these issues one at a
time.

6. c) It’s hard for an ELL to know wether a phrasal verb can be separated or not.
There are three possibilities to separate a phrasal verb , look at the chart below.
Separable Phrasal Verbs
Phrasal Verb VERB + Separated by VERB + Separated by
NOUN NOUN PRONOUN PRONOUN
Call off Call off the Call the game Call it off
(cancel) game off
Fill in (write Fill in the Fill the blanks Fill them in
information) blanks in
Leave out Leave out Leave the Leave it out
(omit) the sentence sentence out
Put on Put on your Put your coat Put it on
(wear) coat on
oSeparable phrasal verbs can be separated when there is a noun
object.
oIf there is a pronoun object, the phrasal verb MUST be separated.

7. For non-separable phrasal verbs, the verb and the particle
must be together all the time.
Non-Separable Phrasal Verbs
Phrasal Verb VERB + NOUN Separated by VERB + Separated by
NOUN PRONOUN PRONOUN
Count on Count on your Count on it
(depend on) help
Get in (enter) Get in a car Get in it
Put up with Put up with Put up with it
(tolerate) that noise
Watch out (for) Watch out for Watch out for it
(be careful) that dog
o Three-word phrasal verbs are always non-separable.

8. Intransitive Phrasal Verbs
These verbs NEVER have an object
Intransitive Phrasal Verbs
Phrasal Verb Verb + NO OBJECT
Break down Stop functioning My car broke down.
Eat out Eat in a restaurant It’s expensive to eat out
every day.
Grow up Become an adult I grew up in Canada.

9. Common ELL mistakes
1. ELLs frequently avoid using phrasal verbs and use the single-word
equivalent found in a dictionary, doing so ELL’s English sound more
technical or formal.
Too formal: How can I ascertain which bus goes downtown?
Correct: How can I find out which bus goes downtown?
2. ELLs confuse the meaning of phrasal verbs.
Wrong: The coach put down the game because of bad weather.
(destroy)
Correct: The coach called off the game because of bad weather. (cancel)
3. ELLs frequently forget to use the whole phrasal verb.
Wrong: I picked him at the airport last night.
Correct: I picked him up at the airport last night.
4. ELLs do not separate a separable phrasal when the object is a pronoun.
Wrong: Turn down it, it’s too loud.
Correct: Turn it down, it’s too loud.

10. Lesson Plan
• 1 – Ss should read the following fragment, work with reading
comprehension and match the verbs in bold with the definitions:
Every day I get up at 7:30 but yesterday I didn’t got up because I
was not ok yet, I was still getting over a terrible cold. I had to
find a way to get to the University because I had to do a test at
09:00. I jumped off the bed, put on my clothes and only had
breakfast for I needed to get on the bus as fast as I could.
Luckily I could arrive at the room on time but I was feeling rather
nervous and I could barelly get myself together, I had to find a
way to get through that test...
a)Recover from an illness b) leave the bed
c) To arrive at a place d) go inside of a vehicle
e) To control one’s feelings f) to complete something

11. • After working with two or three fragments like these, the ss
will be able to create their own sentences using phrasal verbs.
The End