Phonological disorders involve abnormal speech development that is noticed by comparing a child's speech to others of the same age. Boys are more commonly affected than girls. These disorders can range from difficulty producing certain sounds to speech that is incomprehensible. Treatment involves speech therapy to teach correct production of sounds and sequences. Untreated phonological disorders can affect social and educational development. The brain areas like Broca's area and Wernicke's area are involved in language development.

1. Phonological
Disorders
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2. History of Language Disorders
Egyptians reported speech loss after
blow to head 3000 years ago
Broca (1861) finds damage to left
inferior frontal region (Broca’s area)
of a language impaired patient, in
postmortem analysis
Imrana Shakoor batch 2016

3. •Cognitive problems (such as intellectual disability)
•Hearing impairment
•Neurological conditions (such as cerebral palsy)
•Physical problems (such as cleft palate)
For Proper Treatment Children should be examined first
Imrana Shakoor batch 2016

4. Articulation and Phonology Disorders
People with articulation and phonological disorders produce
words that sound different than the words that are
produced by most other speakers
Severe articulation and phonological disorders can really
affect the way linguistic knowledge (semantics, syntax,
pragmatics) is expressed, and in turn can have a negative
impact on communication ability
The most common communication disorder treated by SLPs
of both adults and children
Imrana Shakoor batch 2016

5. ❖ Phonological disorders, sometimes called articulation disorders, involve abnormal
speech development.
❖ These are usually noted by comparing the speech of one child to that of others
who are his or her age.
❖ It has been found that boys more commonly suffer from these conditions than
do girls.
Understanding of Phonological disorder
generally, phonological disorders refer to conditions that are experienced by children. The
problems are noted when a child’s speech development is not on a level that is considered
normal at his or her age. Considering age when diagnosing such problems generally is
essential. This is because speech difficulties that signal a problem at one age may be
perfectly normal at a younger age.
Imrana Shakoor batch 2016

6. ➢ Hearing is first things need to be considered when diagnosing
phonological disorders.
➢ Sometimes speech problems are a result of poor abilities in a certain
language with which a child is not as familiar.
➢ phonological disorders can greatly range in severity.
➢ Some children may only have difficulty producing a certain group of
sounds.
➢ Others may have speech that is generally poor or that may be
incomprehensible. The problem can be structural. Such as lips, toung
may be deformed.
Imrana Shakoor batch 2016

7. Articulation vs Phonology
Disorders
People with articulation and phonological disorders
produce words that sound different than the words
that are produced by most other speakers
Severe articulation and phonological disorders can
really affect the way linguistic knowledge
(semantics, syntax, pragmatics) is expressed, and
in turn can have a negative impact on
communication ability
The most common communication disorder treated
by SLPs of both adults and children
Imrana Shakoor batch 2016

8.  Phonological receptivity is pluripotential(relate to Potential
development) at birth
 Starts to decay at around 10 months
 Reaches a rather general inability to acquire native phonology by
preadolescence.
The primary defect involves a pluripotential stem cell capable of
differentiating into RBCs, granulocytes, and platelets.
Incidence & Understanding
Imrana Shakoor batch 2016

9. Imrana Shakoor batch 2016
Brain areas involved in Language
development

10. Incidence & Understanding
Articulation disorders involve problems producing the
sounds and sound sequences of the language
Difficulty with the movements of the articulators
necessary for the production of a sound
Phonological disorders involve trouble understanding and
implementing the underlying rules for producing sounds
and sound sequences
Deficiency in the abstract system of knowledge that
forms the rule system for sounds
Inadequate mental representation of the language
sound system

11. ➢ Phonological disorders often can be successfully
corrected. Speech therapy is one of the primary methods.
Cure/treatment of Phonological disorders
➢ Untreated phonological disorders can affect more than how a
person talks.
➢ Such disorders can also create social problems for children as
educational problem
➢ Children with phonological disorders should also be assessed for other
problems like to stutter, to have poor syntax, and an immature vocabulary..

12. Treatment
Emphasis on teaching the person to use sounds and sound
sequences of the language like that expected of peers in the
community
Approaches
Articulation based
Focus on repetitive practice of motor movements with
feedback and attention to how the body is used to produce
sounds
Phonological based
Emphasize the use of speech sounds to communicate ideas.
Imrana Shakoor batch 2016

13. Brain areas involved in Language
development
Imrana Shakoor batch 2016

14. Some Sever phonological disorders are observed due to
problem in Brain functions or brain mishaps
 Wernicke’s Aphasia: Fluent speech but unintelligible
 Electrical Stimulation
 Borca’s aphasia: Nonfluent speech
 Williams Syndrome: disassociation in language and
intelligence.
Problem in Left-hemisphere: which controls sequential
analysis ,problem and Language. Left hemisphere could
read and verbally communicate
Vocabulary and grammar capabilities of right is far less
than left
Brain areas involved in Language
development
Imrana Shakoor batch 2016

15. References
 https://libguides.northwestern.edu/c.php?g=871147&p=6253476
 https://faculty.franklin.uga.edu/mrenwick/phonetics-phonology-resources
 https://www.csu.edu.au/research/multilingual-speech/speech-acquisition
 https://doi.org/10.1044/2018_AJSLP-17-0100
 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/phonology
Imrana Shakoor batch 2016