19. Voicing
voiceless (vl) or voiced (vd)
Consonant sounds
- 8 voiceless(vl)- voiced (vd) sound pairs
and
-8 single consonant sounds ( not sound pairs):
+ 7 voiced consonant sounds
+ 1 voiceless consonant sound
20. Voiceless Voiced
(No vibration) (Vibration)
/f/ fat /v/ van
/k/ come /g/ gum
/p/ pit /b/ bit
/s/ sip /z/ zip
/t/ ton /d/ done
/t / chʃ in /d / gʒ in
/θ/ thick /ð/ this
/ /ʃ pressure / /ʒ pleasure
8 consonant sound pairs
21. 7 voiced consonant sounds
/m/ home
/n/ burn
/ŋ/ sing
/l/ call
/r/ answer
/j / yes
/w/ water
1 voiceless consonant sound
/h/ happy
8 single consonant sounds
Back to IPA
22. Table over the consonants
BilabialBilabial LabioLabio
dentaldental
DentalDental AlveolarAlveolar Post-Post-
alveolaralveolar
PalatalPalatal VelarVelar glottalglottal
PlosivePlosive
p bp b t dt d k gk g
AffricateAffricate
t dʃ ʒ
NasalNasal
mm nn ŋ
TrillTrill
rr RR
FricativeFricative
f vf v θ ð s zs z ʃ ʒ hh
ApproximantApproximant
ww rr jj ww
LateralLateral
ApproximantApproximant ll
25. How to pronounce /b/ and /p/?
/b/ /p/
1. Close your mouth.
2. Let the air pressure build up.
3. Open the lips to let the air out suddendy.
Let the air out off your
mouth stronger.
Let the air out off your
mouth weaker.
Vibration in the vocal
cords.
NO vibration in the
vocal cords
32. Word Stress
Word stress is the emphasis on certain
syllable in a word.
In a word, there are a main stress and a
secondary stress if the word is quite long.
33. Word Stress 1
1. Two-
syllable
words
Nouns/ adjectives Verbs
stress on the first syllable. stress on the last syllable.
PREsent/ˈprez.ənt/ preSENT /pr zent/ɪˈPresent
EXport / ek.sp t/ˈ ɔː exPORT / k sp t/ɪ ˈ ɔːExport
34. Word Stress 2
2. Suffix
-IC / -TION / -SION
stress on the SECOND syllable from the end.
inteRACtion / n.tə ræk. ən/ˌɪ ˈ ʃ
-ic GRAphic / ræf. k/ˈɡ ɪ
VIsion / v .ən/ˈ ɪʒ
-tion
-sion
35. Word Stress 3
3. Suffix stress on the THIRD syllable from the end.
interNAtional / n.tə næ .ən.əl/ˌɪ ˈ ʃ-al
deMOcracy,
aBIlity,
phoTOgraphy,
geOLogy
-cy
-ty
-phy
-gy