1. CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF THE ECUADOR
THE VOWELS
SOUNDS
BY VERONICA LEON
5th SEMESTER PLURILINGUAL
2. The vowel inventory
Front central back
high
mid
low
The picture below
show the mouth cavity
spread neutral rounded and it is equivalent
grid in which the tonge
is moved up-down or
back to utter the vowel
sound
3. Articulatory diagram
Organs of the
speech
e 1. Tongue
d f
a.- apico segment
b
a c b.- fronto segment
c.- dorso segment
2. Palatal
d- alveolar section
e.- palatal section
f- velar section
4. VOWELS VOWEL
DIPHTHONGS
PRODUCTION
The aspects
Is a speech
When vowels consederer to
sound produced
occur in determine the vowel
by human beings
combinations, th features are as
when the breath
ey are called follows:
flows out
diphthongs,
throught mouth
without being Every vowel is voiced in
blocked by teeth both languages; vowel
tonge or lips quality are clssified as
A diphthong simple and complex.
starts in one Other is tongue position:
position and high middle low.
vowels are Area these are front
characterized by the moves to
central or back . Muscle
relative height/ another tention are tense or lax .
frontness of the position or And the lip shape
tonge and viceversa. spread neutral and
relaativerounding of rounded.
the lips
5. SPANISH VOWEL PHONEME QUADRANT
area
front central back
T m
/i/
o u
high
/u/
n s
t cl
g e
e e
n
mid
/e/ /o/ s
p t
e e
o
si n
ti
low
ti
o /a/ o
n n
Spread neutral rounded
Lip shape
6. ENGLISH VOWEL PHONEME QUADRANT
area
front central back
T
/iy/ /uw/ tense m
o
high
u
n
s
g
/I/ /ʊ/ cl
e
e
mid
/ey/
p /ə/ /ow/
/ɛ/ t
o
e
si
low
n
ti /æ/ /ɔ/ lax ti
o /a/ o
n
n
Spread neutral rounded
Lip shape
7. FRENCH VOWEL PHONEME
QUADRANT
area
front central back
Aigue-antérieure centralisée Grave-postériuere
T
T m
o /i/ /y/ /u/
Ferme e u
n
high
n
s
g Mi- d
ferme u cl
e /e/ /ø/ /o/ e e
moyenne
p
mid
/ə/ t
o
e
si R n
ti Mi- /ɛ/ / / /œ/ /ɔ/ /ɔ/ e
/œ/ l ti
o ouverte
low
o
/∝/
a
n /ã/ c
ouverte h
n
é
NA A Neutre NA A
Spread neutral rounded
Lip shape
8. Phonemic and phonetic vowel
contrast.
Is a single vowel articulated
monophthongs without change in a quality
throughout the course of a
syllable.
9. SPANISH /i/ with ENGLISH /iy/ and /I/
The fronto section of the tongue
Spanish rises to make contact both sides
/i/ of the upper lateral teeth
Tonge is positioned forward and
English high in the oral cavity with the
/IY/ sides in contact with the teeth
laterally and the tip positioned
behind the lower teeth.
The tonge is positined forward
and slightly lower, with the sides
English in contact with the teeth laterally
/I/ and the tip positineed behind
the lower teeth.
10. SPANISH /e/ with ENGLISH /ey/ and /ɛ/
English English /ɛ/
Spanish /e/ /ey/
The tonge is
The tonge is positioned positioned forward and
The dorso section of
forward and high in the high in the oral cavity
the tonge reaches
oral cavity with it is with the sides in
the borders of the
sides in contact with the contact with the lateral
hard palatal making
lateral teeth. The lips teeth and the tip
a groove between
are spread and placed behind the
the tongue and the
retracted. lower teeth. The lips
palatal.
are spread and
retracted.
11. The dorso section of the
tongue moves upwards
Spanish gently to the central area of
/a/ the oral cavity the tongue
remains moveless.
The tongue positioned
SPANISH /a/ slightly forward and low in
with English the oral cavity with the
/ æ/ apex positioned behind the
ENGLISH /a/
and /æ/ lower teeth.
The tonge is slightly back
and low in the oral cavity
English with the tip of the tonge
/a/ placing behind the lower
front teeth.
12. ENGLISH /ə/ The schwa is the
common vowel in spoken
english ant it is a quite
short vowel sound in
many ligtly pronounced
Occurs in english but it does unstressed syllables
not in spanish. inmultisyllabic words.
It sometimes signified The tonge is
by the positioned in the
pronunciation”uh” middle of the oral
cavity
The schwa
happens mostly as
part of unstressed
syllables
13. The tonge is retracted
Spanish backwards the oral cavity. The
/o/ postdorso section of the tongue
moves up towards the soft
palatale. Lips are rounded
The tongue is
Spanish /o/ positioned back
English
with in a low-med
/ɔ/
english /ɔ/ position with
And /ow/ respect to the
height.
The dorso section of
English the tongue is moved
/ow/ backwards. The lips are
rounded and protruded.
14. A diphthong DIPHTHONGS
is a
phonologica
l group
consisting
of a vowel
sound
followed by ENGLISH DIPHTHONGS
a non-
adjacent
glide within
the same
A diphthong is a complex vowel, made of two
syllable
components; a diphthong begins as one vowel
and finishes as another.
Happen in inital-diphthong
Usually, the two components can be
position, they are
referred to as a nucleus and an off-glide.
semiconsonants, but when
they occur in final-diphthong
position, they are semivowels
15. ENGLISH DIPHTHONG CHART
area
T M
o u
front central back
n s
/iy/ /uw/
tense
g high c
u l
e mid e
low /a/ /ɔ/ t
p
o e
si spread neutral rounded n
ti ti
o o
n n
Lip shape
16. SPANISH DIPHTHONGS
The vowels in spanish can be classified as either
weak, <i.u> or strong more ann the classificaton can
determine when combinations of two or more vowels
are considered to form a separated syllable
/a/ /a/
/y/
/e/ /e/
/w/
/o/ /o/
17. SPANISH DIPHTHONG CHART
area
T
o M
n front central back u
g s
high /i/ /u/ c
u
e l
tense
/e/ /o/ e
mid
p
o t
low
si /a/ e
ti n
spread neutral rounded ti
o
n o
n
Lip shape
18. ENGLISH AND SPANISH
DIPHTHONGS
English and
English and
spanish
spanish
diphthong /ay/
diphthong /aw/
This diphthong production is
This diphthong production is pretty similar in both
similar in both languages. languages. The picture
The picture sequence show sequence show how the
the tongue moves from the tongue moves from the low-
low-central position to the front central position to the
high-back position. The lip high-front position. The lips
change their shape from change their shape from
neutra to rounded during this neutral to spread during this
diphthong production. diphthong production
19. ENGLISH AND
SPANISH
DIPHTHONG
/oy/ / /ɔy/
English /ɔy/ Spanish /oy/
The tongue moves the tongue moves
from mid-low back from the mid
position to high front backposition to the
position. The lips are high front.lips are
rounded become rounded and become
spread. spread.
20. SPANISH RISING DIPHTHONGS
Is voiced,complex non adjancent glide, high front becoming low central tense
/ya/ spread becoming neutral
/ye/ Voiced complex-adjacent glide high front becoming low front tense spreads
/yo/ Voiced. Complex-non adjacent glide high front becoming mid back tense
spread bocoming rounded
/yw/ Voiced complex-non adjacent glide high front bocoming mid back tense spread
becoming rounded.
Voiced complex-non adjacent glide high back becoming low central tense
/wa/ rounded becoming neutral
Voiced complex-non adjacent glide high back becoming mid front tense
/we/ rounded becoming spread.
Voiced complex non adjacent glide high back becoming high front tense
/wy/
rounded becoming spread.
/wo/ Voiced complex adjacent glide high back becoming mid tense rounded.
21. SPANISH FALLING DIPHTHONGS
Voiced complex non adjacent glide low central
becoming high front tense neutral becoming spread
/ay/
Voiced complex adjacent glide mid front becoming
/ey/ high front tense spread
Voiced complex non adjacent glide mid front
/ew/ becoming high back tense spread becoming rounded
22. THE CONSONANT INVENTORY
Used primarily for breathing and eating secondarily for speaking
constrcting airflow in the mouth at various points, we make the
distinctive sounds for human speech. The vocal tract has active
and passive articulators. They are also know as articulators and
points articulation.
ARTICULATORY BASIS
Four principal dimiensions are considered when
regarding “consonant articulation” voicing articulator
and point of the articulation cavity and manner.
23. It directly deals with the
VOICING
sound quality produced by
the vocal cords. When
vocal cords vibrated, it is
said to be voiced;
otherwise, it is siad to be
voiceless
Voiced
consonants. voiceless
A simple explanation of Voiceless consonants do
voiced consonants is that not used the voice. They
they used the voice. This is are percussive and hard
easy to test by putting your sounds. You can test if a
finger on your throat. consonant is voiceless by
putting your finger on your
throat
24. ARTICULATOR AND POINT OF
ARTICULATION
Point the Manner of
The articulator cavity
articulation articulation
It refers to the way
Is the doer of Is any part of how air flows out
the It concerns
the mouth during the
articulation the place production of a
that can be
and moves where air sound. The sound
reached by
freely goes might be stop
the
enough to be through. It fricative nasal lateral
articulator. It
active in the can be the vibrant affricateor a
is also continuant. The
apeech. It is mouth or
known as manner of
also known nasal cavity.
Major consonants
as Major passive describes the
Active articulator manner in which
Articulator airflow is restricted.
25. CONTRAST OF
PHONEMIC AND PHONETIC CONSONANT
ENGLISH AND
CONTRAST.
SPANISH
STOPS
The active articulator touches the passive
articulator and completely cuts of the
airflow through the mouth.
STOP OR English and spanish stops include: /p/ /b/
PLOSIVE /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/. If /p/ /t/ or /k/ are
pronounced at the beginning of an
english words a strong puff of breath will
be felt. It is called aspiration
HOMORGANIC
This refers to sounds made at the
SOUNDS same place of articulation
literally, with the same organ.
27. Spanish
Position /p/ [p]
I
M
F X X
The /p/ phonemic distribution is : partial
The /p/ phonetic distribution is: partial
28. English
Position /p/ [ph ] [p] [pˈ] [p-]
I X X X
M X X X
F X X
The /p/ phonemic distribution is: total
The /p/ phonetic distribution is : partial, complementary
and free variation.
