This document discusses the differences between phenetic and phylogenetic systems of classification. Phenetic classification groups organisms based only on overall similarity of observable traits, regardless of evolutionary relationships. Phylogenetic classification groups organisms based on their inferred evolutionary histories and relationships. Key differences are that phenetic looks only at character states while phylogenetic considers character evolution, and phenetic produces phenograms while phylogenetic aims to depict genetic and temporal relationships in a phylogenetic system of classification. The document provides examples of cladistic characters used in phylogenetic classification and some challenges, like convergent evolution and lack of fossils.

1. Phenetic
versus
Phylogenetic systems
Presented by :- Prajapati Dimple B.
M.sc sem - 2
CBO - 404
Department of life sciences,
Patan

2. Content
Classification types
Phenetic system characters
Phylogenetic system characters

3. Classification Types
Artificial system
Natural system
Phylogenetic system

4. What is phenetic system of
classification ?
In Biology ,phenetics (Greek: phainein - to
appear ) , also known as taximatrix is an
attempt to classify oraganism based on
overall similarity , usually in morphology or
other observable traits , regardless of their
phylogeny or evolutionary relation.

5. Phenetic System
 Phenetic classification makes no attempt
to reflect evolution ; taxa are related based
on similarity and difference of character
states regardless of the evolutionary
content of the characters and states
reflected .
 The characters of choice in phenetic is the
unit character or single character.
Phenetic classification are based on overall
similarities of characters.

6. Dendrogram :
It is branching diagram in the form of tree
and depicts degree of relationship .
Phenogram :
It is representation of phenetic
relationship.
Cladogram :
 It is the depiction of cladistics relationship.

8. What is Phylogenetic system of
classification ?
Classification of organisms based on their
assumed evolutionary histories and
relationship .Expand - Also called Phyletic
classification , phyletics , origin of
Phylogenetic classification.

9. Phylogenetic system
A Phylogenetic system proposed
subsequent to the acceptance of the theory
of descent.
A primary objective of Phylogenetic studies
in botany is the determination of origins
and relationship of all taxa of both extinct
and living plants.
Phylogeny deals with the evolutionary
history of all taxa.
It is a function of taxonomic research at all
levels of classification.

11. The ultimate goal of Phylogenetic research
is the production of a Phylogenetic system
of classification.
The Phylogenetic system shows the genetic
and time relationship of any one taxon to
another.
A Phylogenetic system of classification for
plants would provide the answer to
questions of (1) their origin (2) to their
modes of evolution (3) to problems of
monophyleticism vs. Polyphyleticism (4)
the identity of primitive and advanced
characters etc.

12. Cladistic Characters
The characters have developed from the
cladistics approach to classification
attempting to determine branching
sequence of evolution and base a
classification upon them.
Useful cladistical characters are called
compatible characters where evolutionary
directionality of the states within each
characters is the same.

13. Problems with Phylogenetic
classification.
Convergent evolution
Lack of fossils
 Strict evolutionary classification

14. Logical Conclusion
•All angiosperms arose from single
common ancestors.

15. References
A textbook of Botany Angiosperms by
B.P.Pandey
• https://en.m.Wikipedia.org
• https://www.slideshare.net
• www.biologydiscussion.com

16. Thank You