Downloaded 907 times
Bentham and hooker classification
The document discusses the classification of angiosperms by George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker, who created a natural system of classification published in their work 'Genera Plantarum' between 1862 and 1883. This classification categorizes flowering plants into several classes, orders, and families based on morphological, physiological, and reproductive traits, emphasizing the transition from artificial to natural systems. While the classification system has merits in its detailed descriptions and logical arrangement, it also faces criticism for certain placements and categorizations within the plant kingdom.
More Related Content
Similar to Bentham and hooker classification
More from khandelwal college of Management sciences and technology
Bentham and hooker classification
- 1. Dr Manoj Joshi Departmentof Botany Khandelwal College Of Management Science and Technology
- 2. Classification denotesthe arrangement of a single plant or group of plants an distinct category following a system of nomenclature, and in accordance with a particular and well established plan. Some of the earlier systems of classification of angiosperms were artificial systems, since they used only certain superficial characteristics as the basis. With more and more detailed study on the morphological, physiological and reproductive aspects of angiosperms, the artificial systems of classifications were replaced by the natural systems of classification. INTRODUCTION
- 3. George Benthamand Joseph Dalton Hooker - Two English taxonomists who were closely associated with the Royal Botanical Garden at Kew, England have given a detailed classification of plant kingdom, particularly the angiosperms. They gave an outstanding system of classification of phanerogams in their Genera Plantarum which was published in three volumes between the years 1862 to 1883. It is a natural system of classification. They described 97,205 species of flowering plants grouped into 202 orders (now recognised as families). The system has the advantage of being the first great natural system of classification, which is very easy to follow. INTRODUCTION
- 4. George Bentham 1800-1884 Joseph DaltonHooke 1817-1911 A taxonomic system, the Bentham & Hooker system for seed plants was published in : G. Bentham & J.D. Hooker (1862–1883). Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita (three volumes)
- 5. The systemrecognises the following main groups: Class DICOTYLEDONES DICOTYLEDONUM POLYPETALE vol I Series 1. THALAMIFLORÆSeries 2. DISCIFLORÆSeries 3. CALYCIFLORÆ DICOTYLEDONES GAMOPETALÆ vol II Series 1. INFERÆSeries 2. HETEROMERÆSeries 3. BICARPELLATÆ DICOTYLEDONES MONOCHLAMIDEÆ vol III Class GYMNOSPERMEÆ vol III (1) Class MONOCOTYLEDONES vol III (2)
- 7. SUB-CLASS - POLYPETALAE petalsseparate THALAMIFLORAE DISCIFLORAE CALYCIFLORAE Parietales Polygalineae Caryophyllineae Guttiferales Malvales Ranales Geraniales Olacales Celastrales Sapindales Rosales Myrtales Passiflorales Ficoidales Umbellales Series Orders Orders Orders
- 8. THALAMIFLORAE Many stamens inthe androecium. Flower is hypogynous Ranales Ranunculaceae Dilleniaceae Calycanthaceae Families Parietales Families Polygalineae Pittosporaceae Tremandraceae Polygalaceae Families Caryophyllineae Guttiferales Elatinaceae Hypericaceae Guttiferae Families Families Malvales Families Sarraceniaceae Papaveraceae Cruciferae Capparaceae Resedaceae Cistaceae Violaceae Frankeniaceae Caryophyllaceae Portulacaceae Tamaricaceae Malvaceae Sterculiaceae Tiliaceae Annonaceae Menispermaceae Magnoliaceae Berberidaceae Nymphaceae Canellaceae Bixaceae. Theaceae Dipterocarpaceae Sarcolaenaceae Orders
- 9. DISCIFLORAE Hypogynous flowers witha cushion-like disc around or below the ovary Olacales Olacaceae Aquifoliaceae Families Sapindales Families Sapindaceae Meliosmaceae Anacardiaceae Celastrales Families Celastraceae Stackhousiaceae Rhamnaceae Vitaceae Dichapetalaceae Geraniales Families Linaceae Humiriaceae Malpighiaceae Zygophyllaceae Geraniaceae Rutaceae Simaroubaceae Ochnaceae Burseraceae Meliaceae Coriariaceae Moringaceae Orders
- 10. CALYCIFLORAE Flowers epigynous orperigynous Thalamus is in the form of a cup Myrtales Rhizophoraceae Combretaceae Myrtaceae Families Passiflorales Families Umbellales Families Umbelliferae Araliaceae Cornaceae Rosales Connaraceae Leguminosae Rosaceae Families Crassulaceae Droseraceae Saxifragaceae Hamamelidaceae Bruniaceae Loasaceae Turneraceae Passifloraceae Cucurbitaceae Ficoidales Cactaceae Aizoaceae Families Haloragaceae Melastomataceae Lythraceae Onagraceae Begoniaceae Datiscaceae Orders
- 11. SUB-CLASS - GAMOPETALAE petalsfused INFERAE HETEROMERAE BICARPELLATAE Rubiales Asterales Campanulales Ericales Primulales Ebenales Gentianales Polemoniales Personiales Lamiales Orders Orders Orders Series
- 12. INFERAE Flowers with inferiorovary Campanulales Families Stylidaceae Goodeniaceae Campanulaceae Asterales Families Valerianaceae Dipsacaceae Calyceraceae Compositae Rubiales Families Caprifoliaceae Rubiaceae Orders
- 13. HETEROMERAE Flowers with superiorovary Number of carpels - more than two Ebenales Families Sapotaceae Ebenaceae Styracaceae Primulales Families Plumbaginaceae Primulaceae Myrsinaceae Ericales Families Ericaceae Clethraceae Epacridaceae Diapensiaceae Lennoceae Orders
- 14. BICARPELLATAE Ovary superior, with2 carpels Lamiales Families Myoporaceae Verbenaceae Labiatae Personiales Families Gentianales Families Oleaceae Salvadoraceae Apocynaceae Asclepiadaceae Loganiaceae Polemoniales Families Polemoniaceae Hydrophyllaceae Boraginaceae Convolvulaceae Solanaceae Gentianaceae Scrophulariaceae Globulariaceae Lentibulariaceae Gesneriaceae Bignoniaceae Pedaliaceae Acanthaceae Plantaginaceae Orders
- 15. MONOCHLAMYDEAE only 1 kindof perianth Curvembryae Nyctaginaceae Amaranthaceae Chenopodiaceae Families Multiovulate Aquaticae Multiovulate Terrestris Podostemaceae Nepenthaceae Cyinaceae Myristicaceae Families Families Microembryae Piperaceae Chloranthaceae Myristicaceae Monimiaceae Families Achlamydo -sporae Unisexuales Loranthaceae Santalaceae Balanophoraceae Euphorbiaceae Balanopaceae Urticaceae FicoidalesPlatanaceae Families Families Ordines Anomali Salicaceae Empetraceae Ceratophyllaceae FicoidalesLacisternaceae Families Daphnales Lauraceae Proteaceae Thymelaeaceae Penaeaceae Families Batidaceae Polygonaceae Phytolaccaceae Elaegnaceae Leitneriaceae Juglandaceae Myricaceae ficoidalesCasuarinaceae Betulaceae Series
- 16. CLASS-MONOCOTYLEDONAE 1 cotyledon, flowerstrimerous Microspermae Hydrocharitaceae Burmanniaceae Orchidaceae Families Epigynae Families Coronarieae Roxburghiceae Liliaceae Pontederiaceae Xyridaceae Families Nudiflorae Apocarpae Pandanaceae Cyclanthaceae Typhaceae Triuridaceae Alismataceae Najadaceae Families Families Glumaceae Families Calycinae Flagellariaceae Juncaceae Palmae Families Scitamineae Bromeliaceae Haemodoraceae Iridaceae Amaryllidaceae Taccaceae Dioscoreaceae Philydraceae Commelinaceae Mayacaceae Rapateaceae Araceae Lemnaceae Eriocaulaceae Centrolepidaceae Restionaceae Cyperaceae Gramineae Series
- 17. 1. One ofthe most valuable contribution of this work is the description of the taxa at all levels. Description are accurate and easy to identify plant species up to family level. 2. Because the description were based on direct observation by the authors they become models of accuracy. 3. This system placed order Ranales placed at the beginning of the system is very reasonable. 4. The placement of dicots before monocots is also accepted by all the modern taxonomists. Merits
- 18. 1. Gymnosperms aremost primitive than angiosperms and placing gymnosperms in between dicots and monocots is a serious error. 2. The introduction of monochlamydeae is another drawback . Since this group contains advanced and primitive forms. 3. Among the monocot Orchidaceae is placed in the beginning with all it’s advanced characters. 4. The subdivision of the monocot is based on the position of ovary and characters of perianth. This may resulted in the anomalous situation for many families. Demerits
- 19.