MSBTE Pharmacology Practical Exam for Diploma in pharmacy students in Maharashtra. Experimental pharmacology for D. Pharmacy Students Pharmacology Experiment based Questions PCI New Syllabus ER2020 Course Code: 20056

1. PHARMACOLO G Y
EXPERIMENT BASED QUESTI ONS
Prof. Amol Deore
Department of Pharmacology
MVP Samaj’s Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Adgaon, Nashik

2. Identify this experimental animal and write its laboratory uses
in pharmacology.
ANSWER: RABBITS
• Pharmacokinetic studies: Rabbits are
commonly used to study the absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME)
of drugs.
• Toxicity testing: Rabbits are used to evaluate
the safety of new drugs and other substances.
• Allergy testing: Rabbits are commonly used in
allergy research to study the immune response
to various substances.
• Pharmacodynamics studies: Rabbits are used
to study the effects of drugs on physiological
systems, such as the cardiovascular or
respiratory systems.

3. Identify this experimental animal and write its laboratory
uses in pharmacology.
ANSWER: ALBINO MICE
• Drug screening: Mice are used for testing
the effects of drugs on various disease
models, such as cancer, diabetes, and
neurodegenerative disorders.
• Pharmacokinetic studies: Mice are
commonly used to study the ADME
properties of drugs, including absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
• Genetic studies: Mice are used to study the
genetic basis of disease and to develop new
treatments for genetic disorders.
• Toxicity testing: Mice are used to evaluate
the safety of new drugs and other
substances.

4. Identify this experimental animal and write its laboratory
uses in pharmacology.
ANSWER: WISTAR RATS
• Disease modeling: Wistar rats are used to model
various diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension,
and cancer.
• Pharmacokinetic studies: Wistar rats are commonly
used to study the ADME properties of drugs,
including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
excretion.
• Pharmacodynamic studies: Wistar rats are used to
study the effects of drugs on physiological systems,
such as the cardiovascular or respiratory systems.
• Toxicity testing: Wistar rats are used to evaluate the
safety of new drugs and other substances.
• Behavioral studies: Wistar rats are used to study
the effects of drugs on behavior and cognitive
function.

5. Identify this experimental animal and write its laboratory
uses in pharmacology.
ANSWER: GUINEA PIG
Respiratory studies: Guinea pigs are used
to evaluate the efficacy of new respiratory
drugs, such as bronchodilators and
corticosteroids.
Allergy testing: Guinea pigs are often used
to allergic testing of new medicines and
vaccines and to study the immune
response to various substances.

6. Recording levers are used to record ___?___ of the isolated
tissue preparations.
• Choose the correct answer
a) Chemical reaction
b) Stimulation
c) Contraction or relaxation
d) All of the above

7. Identify the route of drug administration
as shown in picture
ANSWER: INTRAPERITONEAL
ROUTE
• The intraperitoneal (IP) route is a
common method of drug
administration in mice and other
laboratory animals.
• It involves injecting a drug or
substance directly into the
peritoneal cavity, which is the
space surrounding the abdominal
organs.

8. Identify the route of drug administration
as shown in picture
ANSWER: ORAL ROUTE
• The oral route is a common
method of drug administration in
mice and other laboratory animals.
• It involves administering a drug or
substance by mouth, typically
through a gavage or oral dosing
tube.

9. Oral lavage is used when a specific volume of a drug needs to be
administered directly into the _____ ?
• Choose the correct answer
a) Heart
b) Liver
c) Muscle
d) Stomach

10. IAEC stands for
• Choose the correct answer
a) International Animal Ethics Committee
b) Institutional Animal Ethics Committee
c) Indian Animal Ethics Centre
d) Independent Animal Ethical Centre

11. Identify the technique as shown in picture.
ANSWER: SUBCUTANEOUS ROUTE
• It involves injecting a drug or
substance directly under the skin, into
the subcutaneous tissue.

12. Identify the technique shown in figures.
ANSWER: INTRAVENOUS ROUTE (IV)
• It involves injecting a drug or
substance directly into a vein,
typically in the tail vein, retro-orbital
sinus or jugular vein.
• IV route allows for rapid absorption
and distribution of the substance
throughout the body.

13. •What is meant by In Vivo drug study?
• In vivo drug study refers to the
evaluation of the pharmacological
effects, safety, and efficacy of a drug or
substance in a living organism, typically
an animal model or a human subject.
• In vivo drug studies involve the
administration of a drug or substance to
an animal model or human subject, and
the observation of its effects on various
parameters such as physiological,
biochemical, and behavioral responses.

14. •What is meant by In Vitro drug study?
• In vitro drug study refers to the
evaluation of the pharmacological
action, safety, and efficacy of a drug
or substance using isolated cells,
tissues, or organs outside of the
body, typically in a laboratory
setting.

15. •What is meant by In Silico drug design?
• In Silico involves the use of computer-
aided drug design (CADD) tools to study
the interactions of a drug molecule in the
body, and to identify potential drug
candidates for further testing.
• In silico drug design is a computational
approach that uses computer simulations,
algorithms, and computational models to
design and develop new drugs or optimize
existing ones.

16. Identify the technique as shown in picture.
ANSWER: RETRO-ORBITAL BLOOD SAMPLING
• Retro-orbital blood withdrawal, which is a
procedure used to collect blood samples
from laboratory animals, such as mice and
rats, for research purposes.
• This procedure involves the insertion of a
capillary tube or a small needle into the
retro-orbital sinus, which is a vascular
network located behind the eyeball in the
orbit

17. Identify the technique as shown in picture.
ANSWER: VENTRAL VEIN BLOOD
SAMPLING
• Ventral vein blood sampling is a
commonly used method for collecting
blood samples from mice and rats for
research purposes.
• This procedure involves accessing the
ventral tail vein, which is located on the
underside of the tail, and withdrawing
blood using a needle and syringe.

18. Identify instrument as shown in picture. Write its laboratory
uses in pharmacology.
Cook's pole climbing apparatus
• The pole climbing apparatus is
commonly used to study neurological
disorders.
• It can also be used to evaluate the
effects of antipsychotic drugs on rodents.
• Ex. chlorpromazine

19. Identify instrument as shown in picture. Write its
laboratory uses in pharmacology
RABBIT HOLDER
• A rabbit holder is a device used to safely
restrain rabbits during various medical
procedures, such as injections, blood
sampling, or physical exams.
• The holder is designed to minimize stress
and discomfort for the rabbit while allowing
the veterinarian or researcher to access the
animal's body safely

20. Identify and mention the laboratory uses of the assembly
as shown in figure.
STUDENT’S ORGAN BATH ASSEMBLY
• The student organ bath assembly is
typically used to demonstrate the
effects of drugs and other agents on
the contraction and relaxation of
isolated smooth muscle preparations,
such as the uterus, the trachea, the
ileum, or the blood vessels.

21. Identify and mention the uses of the recording lever as
shown in the picture.

22. Write label 1, 3 and 5 as mentioned in this picture.
1- Dendrites, 2- Trigger Zone,3- Axon, 4- Cell Body, 5- Axon
terminals

23. Observe the pictures and identify the response is taken
using cotton wick on rabbit eye cornea.
Answer: Corneal Reflex
Corneal reflex is checked by touching the cornea of the eye with a cotton-wick and
observing the blink response of the eyelids.

24. Observe the pictures and identify the response is taken
using pen torch on rabbit eye cornea.
Answer: Light Reflex
Light reflex is checked by focusing the light of pen torch on the eye and
observing the blink response of the eyelids.

25. Write labelling of no. 1 to 5 in eye diagram.
Answer
• 1- Cornea,
• 2- Pupil,
• 3- Lens,
• 4- Iris,
• 5- Retina.

26. Local anaesthetics act by blocking _____ on the axonal membrane.
• Choose the correct answer
a) Sodium channel
b) Potassium channel
c) Calcium channel
d) Chloride channel

27. Give conclusion from observation table of effect of xylocaine.
Answer: Loss of corneal reflex from the test eye indicate loss of corneal sensations,
therefore such drugs xylocaine, procaine are used as local anesthetics.

28. What is the effect of bright light and dim light on eye pupil and iris?
Answer:
• When the eye is exposed to bright light, the iris muscles contract, causing the
pupil to constrict or become smaller. This is known as the miosis i.e. decrease
in pupil size.
• when the eye is exposed to dim light, the iris muscles relax, causing the pupil to
dilate or become larger. This is known as mydriasis i.e. increase in pupil size.

29. Describe the state. Give two drugs showing similar action.
•Because of mydriasis an individual can see objects which are far away but fails to
observe objects which are nearer. The inability is called as cycloplegia.
•Mydriatics drugs: Atropine, Homatropine, Cyclopentolate

30. What is the purpose of using measuring scale in this
picture?
ANSWER: MEASURING SCALE
• The measuring scale is used to record
size of pupil after instillation of miotic
or mydriatic drug in to the eye.

31. Describe the state. Give two drugs showing similar action.
Because of miosis an individual can see the objects which are nearer but fails to
observe objects which are far away. This inability produced is called “spasm of
accommodation”
Miotics drugs: Physostigmine, Pilocarpine, Timolol

32. In dim light radial muscle of the iris contract due to stimulation by
sympathetic nerves and leads to ______ .
• Choose the correct answer
a) Increase in pupil size
b) Decrease in pupil size
c) Normal pupil size
d) Miosis

33. Give conclusion from the observation table.
Cyclopentolate is an anticholinergic drug shows mydriasis (i.e. increases pupil size).
Cyclopentolate dose not affect the corneal reflex but looses light reflex i.e.
photophobia.

34. In bright light circular muscle of the iris contract due to stimulation
by parasympathetic nerves and leads to ______ .
• Choose the correct answer
a) Increase in pupil size
b) Decrease in pupil size
c) Normal pupil size
d) Mydriasis

35. Give conclusion from the observation table.
Answer: Pilocarpine is a cholinergic drug shows miosis and dose
not affect the corneal and light reflexes.

36. Identify instrument as shown in picture. Which activity is
recorded using this instrument in pharmacology?
Answer: 6 Probes Telethermometer
The 6 Probes Telethermometer is
commonly used in research to measure
the body temperature of animals, such
as rodents or rabbits, during various
experimental procedures susch as
Pyrogen testing

37. Identify route of administration and site of
injection as shown in picture.
Answer
• Route of administration: Intravenous (IV)
• Site of injection: Marginal ear vein

38. Parameters Time Rabbit 1 Rabbit 2 Rabbit 3
Initial Body Temp -- 38.2 38.4 38.2
Body Temp after
injection
30 min 38.3 38.5 38.5
60 min 38.4 38.4 38.4
90 min 38.6 38.7 38.8
120 min 38.3 38.9 38.6
150 min 38.7 38.6 38.5
180 min 38.3 38.3 38.4
Difference=
Highest temp after
injection – initial
temp
-- ?
Sum of temperature= ?
Study the observation table.
Whether the test for Pyrogen IP passes or not? Give conclusion.
Answer: The sum of temperature difference of three rabbits (0.5+0.5+0.6=1.6) is 1.6 °C which is
greater than 1.4°C hence test for pyrogens IP not passes.
The sample is pyrogenic.

39. Study the observation table.
Whether the test for Pyrogen IP passes or not? Give conclusion.
Parameters Time Rabbit 1 Rabbit 2 Rabbit 3
Initial Body Temp -- 38.2 38.4 38.2
Body Temp after
injection
30 min 38.3 38.5 38.5
60 min 38.4 38.4 38.4
90 min 38.6 38.7 38.7
120 min 38.3 38.5 38.6
150 min 38.5 38.6 38.5
180 min 38.3 38.3 38.4
Difference=
Highest temp after
injection – initial
temp
-- ?
Sum of temperature= ?
Answer: The sum of temperature difference of three rabbits (0.4+0.3+0.5=1.2) is 1.2 degree Celsius
which is less than 1.4 hence test for pyrogens IP passes.
The sample is apyrogenic.

40. Identify instrument as shown in picture. Which activity is
recorded using this instrument in pharmacology?
Answer: Eddys Hot Plate Analgesiometer
• Eddy's hot plate analgesiometer is a
device used to measure pain sensitivity
in animals.
• It is widely used in pharmacological
research for screening of analgesic
drugs.

41. Identify instrument as shown in picture. Which activity is
recorded using this instrument in pharmacology?
Answer: Tail flick analgesiometer
• It is widely used in pharmacological
research to evaluate the effectiveness
of analgesic drugs.
• Eddy's hot plate analgesiometer is a
device used to measure pain
sensitivity in animals.

42. Identify the instrument as shown in picture.
Name the various parts of it.
• Eddy's Hot Plate Analgesiometer
• Parts:
• Hot Plate,
• Protective Cage,
• Timer
• Thermo Regulator

43. Identify the instrument as shown in picture.
Name the various parts of it.
• Tail Flick Analgesiometer
• Parts:
• Rat holder
• IR Source
• Sensor
• Microcontroller
• Electrical circuit

44. What symptoms are observed after placing the mice on
the Hot plate apparatus?
• Answer
• After placing the mice on the Hot plate
apparatus, mice show paw licking and
jumping response.

45. What response is observed after intraperitoneal
administration of acetic acid in mice?
Answer:
Intraperitoneal administration of acetic acid
in mice can induce a pain response known as
writhing, which is a characteristic stretching
and twisting of the abdominal muscles.

46. Identify instrument as shown in picture. Write its laboratory
uses in pharmacology
Answer: Electroconvulsiometer
• Electroconvulsiometer is used for
applying maximal electro-shock through
electrodes attached on the ear of
rodents.
• Instrument is used to study the anti-
convulsant activity of phenytoin against
maximal electro-shock induced
convulsions in rat or mice.

47. what symptoms observe in maximal electroshock
induced convulsions in rodents
• Maximal electroshock (MES) is a commonly
used method to induce generalized tonic-
clonic seizures in rodents.
• Tonic Phase: Sudden and severe muscle
contractions throughout the body.
• Clonic Phase: Rhythmic jerking movements.
The rodent may showed rapid and repetitive
movements of the limbs, face, and body,
resembling a convulsive seizure.
• Loss of Consciousness
• Salivation and Urination

48. Identify instrument as shown in picture. Write its
laboratory uses in pharmacology
Answer: Rota Rod Apparatus
• The rota rod apparatus can be used to
evaluate the effects of drugs on motor
coordination and balance.
• It is particularly useful in studying
neurological disorders, such as
Parkinson's disease, that affect motor
function.

49. What symptoms are observed after placing the diazepam
treated mice on the Rota Rod apparatus?
Answer: Diazepam has CNS depressant
and skeletal muscle relaxant activity
which reduces muscle grip of mice on the
Rota rod apparatus.

50. Give conclusion from the observation table.
Answer:
Diazepam has CNS depressant and skeletal muscle relaxant activity which reduces
muscle grip of mice on the Rota rod apparatus.

51. Identify instrument as shown in picture. Write its
laboratory uses in pharmacology.
Answer: Actophotometer
An actophotometer is a device that is
used to study the effect of anxiolytic
drugs on locomotor activity of rodents.

52. Identify the Instrument shown in the picture. Explain
how the digital counter shows the readings?
Answer: Actophotometer
• An actophotometer is a device that is used
to measure the locomotor activity of
rodents. It is used for pharmacological
screening of antianxiety drugs like
diazepam etc.
• The counter typically displays the number
of interruptions per unit of time, such as
interruptions per minute.

53. Give conclusion from the observation table.
Sr. No. Body Weight
Locomotor activity Score
Difference
A-B
% Decrease In
locomotor
activity
Control group
(A)
Treatment
group (B)
1 25 135 69 66 48.8%
2 30 164 84 80 47.7%
3 32 150 75 75 50%
4 35 140 71 69 49.2%
5 34 137 68 69 50.3%
6 30 146 70 76 53%
Diazepam: 4 mg/kg, ip
Answer:
From the observations, It can be concluded that Diazepam is a CNS depressant
drug which reduces the locomotor activity up to 50%.

54. Identify the instrument as shown in picture.
Name the various parts of it.
• Actophotometer
• Parts:
• Light Source
• Photo sensor
• Digital counter
• Shock button
• Microcontroller
• Electrical circuit

55. Give conclusion from the observation table.
Sr. No. Body Weight
Locomotor activity Score
Difference
A-B
% Increase In
locomotor
activity
Control group
(A)
Treatment
group (B)
1 25 136 200 64 43.05%
2 30 165 210 45 27.27%
3 32 149 205 56 37.58%
4 35 138 198 60 43.44%
5 34 155 199 44 28.38%
6 30 148 202 54 36.75%
Caffeine: 3 mg/kg
Answer:
From the observations, It can be concluded that Caffeine is a CNS stimulant drug
which increases the locomotor activity up to 35%.

56. What response are observes after diazepam treatment in the
mice on the apparatus as shown in picture?
• Choose Correct Answer:
a) Increase preference & average time spent by mice in
Open arm
b) Increase preference & average time spent by mice in
Closed arm
c) Decrease preference & average time spent by mice in
Open arm
d) Decrease preference & average time spent by mice in
Open and Closed arm

57. Identify instrument as shown in picture. Write its laboratory
uses in pharmacology
Answer: Elevated Plus Maze Apparatus
The elevated plus maze apparatus is a widely
used to study antianxiety effect of drugs in
rodents.
As animal freely explore the maze, their
behavior is recorded. The preference for
being in open arms over closed arms is
calculated to measure anxiety-like behavior.

58. What activities are observed in chlorpromazine treated mice in
Cooks pole climbing apparatus in response to buzzer and shock?
• Answer:
• After Buzzer, mice do not climb
on the pole
• After Shock, mice climb on the
pole

59. Complete the observation table of antipsychotic effect
of chlorpromazine
Group
Activity
Conditioned Avoidance
Response
Unconditioned Avoidance
Response
Control Group
(Saline, i.p.)
After Buzzer, mice climb
on the pole
After Shock, mice climb on
the pole
Treatment Group
(Chlorpromazine, 4 mg,
i.p.)
?
After Shock, mice climb on
the pole
Answer: After Buzzer, mice do not climb on the pole

60. Identify the technique shown in picture.
Answer: Pithing of frog
Pithing is a procedure that involves
destroying the central nervous system of
an animal, typically a frog, in order to
produce an immediate and painless death.

61. Identify the assembly as shown in picture.
Which kind of activities can be studied by this assembly?
Answer: Isolated frog heart assembly
• The isolated frog heart assembly is a
laboratory apparatus used to study the
physiology of the heart.

62. Write label no. 1, 3 and 5 of parasympathetic division as
shown in picture.
Answer
1. Preganglionic nerve
fiber
2. Acetylcholine
3. Nicotinic receptor
4. Autonomic ganglion
5. Post-preganglionic
nerve fiber
6. Acetylcholine
7. Effector organ
1 5
4
3
2
6 7

63. What directions indicates action on heart?
Answer
Upward direction: Contraction of heart i.e. systole
Downward direction: Relaxation of heart i.e. diastole

64. What action is produced by the cardiac stimulants on the heart as shown in
graph? Write the pharmacological terms used for it.
Answer: cardiac stimulant drugs produce
Positive ionotropic effect i.e. increase cardiac muscle contraction
Positive chronotropic effect i.e. increase heart rate

65. Give conclusion from the graph. Write drugs show similar
action on heart.
Answer:
Cardiac stimulant drugs show positive ionotropic effect and positive chronotropic
effect. Ex. Adrenaline, nor-adrenaline, isoprenaline

66. Explain effect of adrenaline on the heart with the help of picture.
Answer
Adrenaline has cardiac stimulant action. It acts on beta receptors on heart and increases
inflow of calcium ions (Ca++) and sodium ions (Na+).
This change in permeability leads to excitatory effect on heart muscle and increase in
rate and force contraction of heart.

67. What action is produced by the cardiac depressants on the heart
as shown in graph? Write the pharmacological terms used for it.
Answer: Cardiac depressant drugs produce
Negative ionotropic effect i.e. decrease cardiac muscle contraction
Negative chronotropic effect i.e. decrease heart rate

68. Give conclusion from the graph. Write drugs show similar
action on heart.
Answer:
Cardiac depressant drugs produce negative ionotropic effect & negative chronotropic
effect. Ex. Acetylcholine, methacholine, physostigmine

69. Explain effect of Acetylcholine on the heart with the help of picture.
Answer
Acetylcholine has cardiac depressant action. It acts on muscarinic receptors on heart
and increases outflow potassium ions (K+). This change in permeability leads to
inhibitory effect on heart muscle and decrease in rate and force contraction of heart.

70. Identify the part shown by arrow. Write its function.
Answer: Symes cannula
• The Symes cannula consists of a small
glass tube that is inserted into the
heart of the frog through a small
incision.
• The cannula is placed in the ventricle
of the heart and is secured in place
using a thread.
• The cannula has two ports, one for
perfusion of Ringer solution and the
other for drainage.

71. What is the action of potassium chloride on the isolated heart?
71
Answer: Potassium chloride shows negative inotropic effect and
negative chronotropic effect.

72. Identify drugs C and D in the observation table.
72
Drug
Normal
heart rate
of frog
Heart rate after
drug instillation
Force of contraction
Drug- C 35 increased Heart stops in systole
Drug -D 35 decreased Heart stops in diastole
Table: Effect of drugs on isolated heart of frog
Answer: Drug C is calcium chloride
Drug D is potassium chloride

73. Complete the observation table.
Sr.
No
Drug Dose (10g/ml) Heart Rate
Force of
Contraction
Tone
1
Potassium Chloride
0.1 ml (Lower Dose)
Decreased Decreased Decreased
2
Potassium Chloride
0.2 ml (Higher Dose) ???
Drug dose response on the heart (Potassium Chloride)
Answer: On the higher dose of Potassium chloride, heart
stops in diastole

74. Give Conclusion from effect of higher dose of Calcium
chloride on isolated heart ?
Answer: On the higher dose of calcium chloride, heart
contract more forcefully and stops in systole.

75. Identify and write uses the part of assembly as shown by
arrow in this picture.
75
Starling's heart lever is a device used
in cardiovascular physiology to
measure the force of contraction of the
isolated heart muscle.

76. Name the drugs to produce convulsions in mice to
study the effect of anticonvulsants.
Answer
• Pentylene Tetrazole (PTZ)
• Picrotoxin
• Bicuculine
• Strychnine
• 4 amino pyridine
• Isoniazide

77. Name any 4 parts of isolated frogs heart assembly.
• Isolated heart of frog
• Symes Venous Cannula
• Perfusion Bottle
• Starlings heart lever
• Sherrington's rotating drum and
device

78. Name the part of isolated frog assembly as shown by arrow.
Which solution is filled in it?
• Perfusion Bottle filled with
Frog Ringer Solution

79. Study the graph shown & write what is the action of
Modified Ringer on the heart rate & force of contraction?
Answer: Modified Ringer solution shows negative inotropic effect and
negative chronotropic effect and finally normal heart become converted
into hypodynamic heart (Failing heart)

80. The graph shows effect of modified Ringer on the frog’s heart.
Why does the modified Ringer produce such an effect?
80
Answer: Modified Ringer Solution shows negative inotropic effect and
negative chronotropic effect because it contains one forth quantity of
calcium chloride as compared to Frog Ringer Solution.

81. What is the action of Digoxin with Calcium Chloride on the
isolated heart of frog?
81
Answer: Digoxin with Calcium Chloride combination shows positive
inotropic effect and positive chronotropic effect due to synergistic action

82. This is the graph from Effect of Digitalis on Frog’s Heart. This is the
state of the heart when modified Ringer’s Solution is added.
What is the term used for the state of the heart in this condition?
Answer: Modified Ringer solution shows negative inotropic effect and
negative chronotropic effect and finally normal heart become converted
into hypodynamic heart (Failing heart)

83. Identify the state of heart as indicated by question mark
in the picture.
???
Answer: Hypodynamic state of heart (Failing heart)

84. What is the effect of Acetylcholine on ciliary motility of
frog esophagus?
Answer: Acetylcholine reduces the time taken by the poppy seed to move from
point A and B, thus Acetylcholine increases cilliary motility.

85. What is the effect of atropine on ciliary motility of frog esophagus?
Sr. No. Sample
Time taken by poppy seed to travel
from point A and B (Sec)
Average time taken
(Sec)
1)
Ringer solution
(Control)
34 Sec
29 Sec
33 Sec
32 Sec
2) Acetylcholine
22 Sec
18 Sec
17 Sec
19 Sec
3) Physostigmine
14 Sec
14 Sec
14 Sec
14 Sec
4) Atropine
43 Sec
46 Sec
51 Sec
46 Sec
Effect of drugs on ciliary motility on frogs esophagus
Answer: Atropine increases the time taken by the poppy seed to move from point
A and B, thus atropine decreases cilliary motility.

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