The document presents a seminar on pharmacology laboratory animals, emphasizing their importance in drug discovery and research. It details guidelines from the CPCSEA and IAEC for ethical handling and experimentation on various animal models. The seminar concludes by recognizing the role of laboratory animals in scientific advancements and the necessity of adhering to ethical research practices.

1. A Seminar on,
PHARMACOLOGY LABORATORY ANIMALS
Presented by,
Mr. Abhijit. R. Rode
F. Y. M. Pharm (Roll No. 12)
Dept of Pharmacology,
DR. V . V . P. F’s College of Pharmacy,
Vilad ghat, Ahmednagar.
Under Guidance of,
Dr. P. M. Gaikwad
M. Pharm. PhD.
Dept of Pharmacology,
DR. V . V . P. F’s College of Pharmacy,
Vilad ghat, Ahmednagar.
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2. Contents
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1. Introduction
2. Handling of animal in laboratory
3. CPCSEA (CCSEA) and IAEC
4. CPCSEA (CCSEA) Guidelines
5. Different animal to be used in laboratory
6. Benefits and Limitations of Laboratory Animals in Pharmacology Research
7. Conclusion
8. References

3. • Selection of an animal model is one of the most important steps in any of the experimental
pharmacological study.
• Animal model preferred for the study must be producing similar disease profile as in the human.
• Suitable animal model should be selected which follows three main objectives:
 Use of an animal phylogenetically closer to man or
 Use of an animal in which the process under investigation is as close as possible to that in man,
 The Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry are considered to be similar
Introduction : 3

4. • The use of animals in research is currently an essential component of the drug discovery
process.
• Animals help us advance our scientific understanding, serve as models to study disease,
help us develop and test potential new medicines and therapies.
• The drug or technique is tested in animals to make sure that it is safe and effective.
• Animals offer experimental models that would be impossible to replicate using human
subjects.
• Animals can be fed with identical and closely monitored diets.
Importance of animal in pharmaceutical industry : 4

5. Pharmacology: A Pillar of Animal Research:
Understanding
Pharmacology
Delve into the fundamental
concepts of pharmacology
and its crucial role in
advancing scientific
knowledge in animal research.
Drug Development and
Testing
Discover how
pharmacological studies on
laboratory animals contribute
to the development and
evaluation of new
drugs and treatments.
Biomarker Discoveries
Explore the significance of
pharmacological studies in
identifying biomarkers that
aid in diagnosing and
treating diseases.
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6. Handling of animal in laboratory
• The over all health and well being of laboratory animals depend upon following factors,
 Care while handling
 Humanity
 Watchfulness and awareness of respective staff
• The various factors to be considered for effective handling of animals are as follows,
Diet, Cleanliness, Cages, Ventilation, Temperature, Humidity, Handling, Breeding,
Fluid / Litter, Marking of animals, Detection of disease / disorder in animals etc.
• For such handling guidelines have been issued and revised periodically
• For this purpose establishment of CPCSEA and IAEC was done in 1964
• The CPCSEA is a statutory body formed under Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960.
• CPCSEA includes various guidelines and sub committees for monitoring animal experiments
• While IAEC is committee that scrutinizes all project proposals for experimentation on animals.
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7. CPCSEA (CCSEA) and IAEC
• Committee for the Purpose of Control and
Supervision of Experiment on Animals
(CPCSEA)
• CPCSEA introduced a national document –
“Good Laboratory Practice”
• CPCSEA introduced 3R’s and also accepted
concept of 4th R.
• CPCSEA frames guidelines and approves
experiment on large animals.
• CPCSEA is now known as CCSEA
• Committee for Control and Supervision of
Experiment on Animals
• Institutional Animal Ethics Committee
(IAEC)
• IAEC describes the concept of animal ethics
with respect to human-animal relationship
and how animals should be managed and
treated.
• IAEC ensures compliances and accords
quality and consistency to prevent pain and
suffering before, during and after
experiment on animals.
• IAEC abides and regulates CPCSEA
guidelines and approves experiment on
small animals.
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8. CPCSEA (CCSEA) Guidelines
• Veterinary care
• Quarantine
• Stabilization and separation
• Surveillance, diagnosis , treatment and control of disease
• Personal hygiene
• Anesthesia
• Euthanasia
• Physical facilities
• Environment
• Animal husbandry
• Record keeping
• Maintain SOP
• Personnel training
• Transportation of lab animal
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9. Anesthesia and Euthanasia
• Anesthesia –
 It is a state of controlled temporary loss of sensation or awareness that is induced for medical purpose.
 Reversible and controlled loss of consciousness constant security for the patient.
 Minimal physiological and psychological trauma optimal condition for surgery.
• Euthanasia –
 Euthanasia is the act of including humane death in an animal. sacrificing the experimental animal after
use by gentle procedure causing minimum of physical and mental suffering is called euthanasia.
 The term euthanasia is derived from the Greek terms eu mean good and thanatos mean death.
• Electrocution –
 It is used on cattle ,sheep ‚doges, it induces cardiac fibrillation causing cerebral hypoxia. (Animal should
be unconscious before electrocution.)
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10. Different animal to be used in laboratory :
1. Guinea Pig
2. Albino Rat
3. Albino Mouse
4. Rabbit
5. Frog
6. Hamster
7. Pig
8. Monkey
9. Zebra fish
4.
3.
2.
1.
5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
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11. Classification of Experimental animals
Experimental animals
Rodents
(Mouse, Rat ,Guinea pig, Hamster, etc.)
Non-rodents
(Rabbit, Dog, Cat, Monkey, Pig, etc.)
Miscellaneous
(Frog, Zebra fish, Chicken, Pigeon, etc.)
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12. 1. Guinea pig
 Introduction
1. It is docile animal
2. It is highly responsive to TB and Anaphylaxis
3. It is also sensitive to histamine and penicillin
 Experimental use
1. Evolution of bronchodilator
2. Anaphylactic and immunobiological studies
3. Evolution of local anesthetics
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13. 2. Albino rat
 Introduction
1. Rats are small
2. Rats are easy to breed & Maintain
3. Vomiting center is absent so drug can
administrate orally
4. Various rat tissue used are colon, stomach,
uterus, vas deference
 Experimental use
1. Study of analgesic & anticonvulsant studies
2. Bioassay of various hormones such as insulin,
oxytocin
3. Study of hepatotoxic & antihepatotoxic
compounds
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14. 3. Albino Mouse
 Introduction
1. They are small, cheap & easy to handle.
 Experimental use
1. Toxicological studies.
2. Study of bioassay of insulin.
3. Study of analgesic & anticonvulsant drugs.
4. Study of drug acting on central nervous system.
5. Study of chemotherapeutic drugs.
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15. 4. Rabbit
 Introduction
1. It is docile animal with large ear.
2. The enzyme atropine esterase is present in liver
&plasma so it can tolerate large dose of
belladonna
 Experimental use
1. Pyrogen testing.
2. Bioassay of antidiabetic drug & sex hormone.
3. Study of mydriatics & miotics drugs.
4. Study of local anesthetics.
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16. 5. Frog
 Introduction
1. It is amphibian animal & safe to handle.
2. Isolated tissue preparation such as heart, rectus
abdominus muscle are used.
3. Use of frogs for experimental purpose has been
banned
 Experimental use
1. To study effect of drug on heart.
2. Study of drugs acting on central nervous system.
3. Study of drugs acting on neuromuscular junction
.
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17. 6. Pig
 Introduction
1. Skin of pig is morphologically and functionally
similar to that of human skin.
2. Pig is a principle animal model used in
pharmacy research.
3. An isolated perfused porcine skin flap is
developed allowing in vitro cutaneous study.
 Experimental use
1. Pigs are involved in studies of skin
diseases(psoriasis, allergical infections ).
2. To study organ transplant experiments, also
used in plastic surgery.
3. Help us understand wound healing in derma. .
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18. Benefits and Limitations of Laboratory Animals in
Pharmacology Research:
Advantages of Animal
Models
Discover the benefits that
laboratory animals bring to
pharmacology research,
including their physiological
similarities and controlled
experimental conditions.
Limitations and Challenges
Explore the inherent
limitations and challenges
associated with using
laboratory animals, such as
species differences and
extrapolation to humans.
Advancements in Alternatives
Discuss emerging
technologies and alternative
methods that aim to reduce
or replace the use of
laboratory animals in
pharmacological studies.
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19. • As we conclude our seminar of pharmacology laboratory
animals and relative CPCSEA (CCSEA) guidelines, let us
recognize the indispensable contributions they make to
scientific advancement, while upholding the highest
standards of ethical research practices.
Conclusion :
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20. References :
• CPCSEA guidelines for laboratory animal facility, Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2003;35:257-274.
• Kulkarni S K, Common laboratory animals (1999)Handbook of experimental pharmacology, Vallabh
prakashan, Delhi 3:11-18
• Subramanian A, Gitanjali B, CPCSEA- A double edged sword, Indian Journal of
Pharmacology, 2003; 35: 7172
• Medhi B, Prakash A. Practical manual of experimental and clinical pharmacology. Jaypee Brothers
Medical Publishers; 2010.
• S. Sivakrishnan et. Al., ”Animals used in experimental pharmacology and 3 R’s”, Pharmacophore,
11(1) 2021.
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21. THANKYOU !
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