Hemostasis or haemostasis is a process to prevent and stop bleeding, meaning to keep blood within a damaged blood vessel (the opposite of hemostasis is hemorrhage). It is the first stage of wound healing. This involves coagulation, blood changing from a liquid to a gel. Aminocaproates. Antifibrinolytic Agents. Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) Hemostatics. Tranexamic Acid. Aprotinin. Deamino Arginine Vasopressin

1. HAEMATINICS

2. Anemia
Anemia is characterized by reduction in oxygen carrying
capacity of blood. It is caused by four factors:
•Decrease in the normal number of erythrocytes;
•A decrease of normal amounts of hemoglobin in the
RBCs;
•A deficiency of normal hemoglobin;
•Production of abnormal hemoglobin.

4. Anemia reduces the amount of oxygen that
RBCs can transport resulting in a lack of energy,
shortness of breath on minor exertions,
exhaustion, increased heart rate, anorexia, pale
skin, and a general feeling of tiredness.

5. RBC Production

7. WHAT DO YOU MEAN HEMATINICS?
• Hematinics are the agents used for prevention and
treatment of anemia’s.
CLASSSIFICATION
• Essential hematinic
• Ex. Iron (ferrous sulphate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous
gluconate), Folic acid,
• Accessary hematinics
• Ex. Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamine), Erythropoietin.

8. Iron-deficiency anemia
• Iron-deficiency anemia results from nutritional deficiencies or
from excessive iron loss from the body, resulting in lower than
normal erythrocyte production.
• It is most commonly observe in pregnancy because of deficiency of
iron (Fe++) in Hb of RBCs.
• Treatment: Iron compounds like ferrous sulphate, ferrous
fumarate, ferrous gluconate etc

9. Iron Preparation

13. Sr.
No.
Type of anemia Treatment
1) Iron-deficiency anemia
It is most commonly observe in pregnancy
because of deficiency of iron (Fe++) in Hb of
RBCs.
Iron compounds like
ferrous sulphate, ferrous
fumarate, ferrous
gluconate etc
1) Megaloblastic anemia
It is characterized by deficiency of Vitamin
B12 and folic acid which affect maturation of
RBCs during erythropoiesis.
Folic acid and vitamin
B12 orally
1) Pernicious anemia
it is characterized by lack of intrinsic factor
which is essential for absorption of vitamin
B12 (cyanocobalamine) in the stomach.
Vitamin B12 injection
intravenously
1) Aplastic anemia
It is characterized by reduction in RBC count
due to bone marrow failure
Erythropoietin hormone,
bone marrow transplant

15. 1) Hemolytic anemia
Hemolytic anemia is a genetic inherited
condition in which erythrocytes rupture or
destroyed at a faster rate than normal.
Blood transfusion
1) Thalassemia
Thalassemia is a genetic inherited disease. There
is reduced globin synthesis with reduced
Hemoglobin production, leading to early
hemolysis
Blood transfusion
1) Hemorrhagic anemia
Due to severe blood loss in injury, surgery,
bleeding due to ulcer, piles and accidents
Blood transfusion
1) Sickle cell anemia
The erythrocytes have an abnormal sickle shape
(S/C shaped) with abnormal hemoglobin. The life
span is reduced due to early hemolysis.
Blood transfusion
1) Macrocytic anemia
Abnormally large size RBCs than normal size in
blood
Protein supplementation

16. Iron plays an important role as haematinic?
•Erythropoiesis is the process of production of RBCs in
the red bone marrow.
•Hemoglobin is the important component of RBC which
transports the oxygen and carbon dioxide.
•Each molecule of Hemoglobin contains 4 iron (ferrous
Fe++) and 1 globin portion.
To be continued…..

17. To be continued…..
•If there is deficiency of iron then Hemoglobin
synthesis will be reduced. If Hemoglobin level
reduced then RBC becomes small size and can’t
transport O2 and CO2.
•Hence, iron is the essential factor for erythropoiesis.

18. Vitamin B12 injection is given in pernicious anemia.
• Pernicious anemia is characterized by lack of intrinsic factor
which is essential for absorption of vitamin B12
(cyanocobalamine) in the stomach.
• Vitamin B12 is essential for maturation for RBCs in
erythropoiesis.
• In Pernicious anemia, if vitamin B12 is given by oral route, its
absorption will not occur.
• Therefore Vitamin B12 injection is given in pernicious anemia.