Pharmaceutical oral suspension

1. SUBMITTED TO:
DR TAHMINA MAQBOOL
HAMDARD UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF PHARMACY
SR. NAME ROLL NO CMS.ID
01 SHAHROZ AKHTAR R-079 100-2019
02 NOSAIBAAMEER R-069 06-2019
03 AROOBAALI R-015 113-2019
04 FATIMA SALEEM R-025 105-2019
05 SHAHZAIB JAVED R-080 15-2019
TOPIC:
ORAL SUSPENSIONS

2. INTRODUCTION TO SUSPENSIONS
Suspensions: “A suspension is a liquid disperse system consisting of particles distributed
uniformly within a liquid vehicle (also called the suspending medium) in which the particles
have minimum solubility”.
Suspensions may be formulated for various routes of administration, including
➢ Oral.
➢ Ophthalmic.
➢ Otic.
➢ Inhalation.
➢ Nasal, and Injectable routes.
Suspension formulations may be utilized when:
(a) There is not a suitable solvent available to dissolve a drug.
(b) To mask the taste of drugs.
(c) To control the release of drugs.

3. FOR EXAMPLE:
Drugs intended for injection may be formulated as a Suspension for intramuscular
injection utilizing an oily or aqueous vehicle in order to create a depot that the drug is
slowly released from over time.
Suspensions are important pharmaceutical dosage forms that are still widely in use today.
Owing to their versatility they are often used in situations where an emergency
formulation is required
A disperse system is defined as a two-phase system in which an insoluble or immiscible
dispersed phase (e.g., solid particles or liquid droplets) is distributed through a continuous
phase. Disperse systems are typically classified based upon the size of the dispersed
phase (i.e., particles or droplets).

4. PROPERTIES OF SUSPENSION:
To ensure a uniform dose of a medication, a pharmaceutical suspension should have the
following properties:
(a) Particles settle slowly
(b) Particles are readily and uniformly dispersed upon shaking
(c) Particle size remains consistent over time
(d) Viscosity is high enough to ensure a uniform dose, but not so viscous that the
suspension cannot be easily poured/measured from the bottle or injected
STABILITY OF SUSPENSIONS:
Both chemical and physical stability must be carefully considered for suspension formulations.
As with all pharmaceutical formulations, drug degradation in suspension must be assessed.
CHEMICAL STABILITY:
To ensure chemical stability, in some cases
suspensions are stored in powder form and reconstituted immediately before use.

5. PHYSICAL STABILITY:
Physical stability can be characterized by particle settling, particle growth (known as Ostwald
ripening), and aggregation. These are assessed by determining the settling rate and volume, as
well as the uniformity of the suspension after agitation.
Changes in particle size distribution can be assessed using a microscope or light-scattering
techniques.
EXCIPIENTS USED IN SUSPENSION:
On Formulations Excipient selection will depend on:
➢ The route of administration,
➢ Properties of the drug, and
➢ The target patient population.
For example, in formulations intended for neonates, preservatives, colorings, flavorings, or
alcohol should be avoided as they may cause toxicity.

6. Particularly for suspension formulations, the effect of excipients on vehicle
viscosity, particle aggregation, and drug solubility must be considered, as this
can affect the stability of the dosage form.
INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACEUTICAL ORAL
SUSPENSIONS
DEFINITION:
“oral suspensions are oral liquids containing one or more
active ingredients suspended in a suitable vehicle”. Suspended
solid may slowly separate on standing but are easily dispersed.
Or
These are suspensions containing light powders which are
insoluble, or only very slightly soluble in the vehicle, but witch
on shaking disperse evenly throughout the vehicle for long
enough to allow an accurate dose to be poured.

7. Drugs that are unstable if maintained for extended periods in the presence of an aqueous
vehicle (e.g. many antibiotic drugs) are most frequently supplied as drug powders mixture
for reconstitution at the time of dispensing. This type of preparation is designated in USP by
the title of the form “for oral suspension”. Prepared suspensions not requiring reconstitution
at the time of dispensing or simply designated as “oral suspension”
Examples:
An antacid and antibacterial suspension, kaolin
mixture with pectin is widely used in the treatment of diarrhea.
1. ANTACID ORAL SUSPENSIONS:
Antacid are intended to counteract the effect of
gastric hyperacidity and as such are employed by
persons such as peptic ulcer patients, who must
reduce the level of acidity in the stomach
E.g.
Alumina,
Magnesia and Simethicone.

8. 2. ANTIBACTERIAL ORAL SUSPENSION:
It include preparations of antibiotic substances
E.g.
➢ Erythromycin derivatives and
➢ Tetracycline and its derivatives,
➢ Sulfonamides, other anti infective agents.
3. ANTIDIARRHEAL ORAL SUSPENSIONS:
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol liquid)
Uses:
1. For indigestion without causing constipation
2. Nausea
3. Control of diarrhea

9. 4. ANTIFUNGAL ORAL SUSPENSIONS:
Nystatin (nilstat) Oral drops.
Uses:
1. Antibiotic with antifungal activity.
2. Help in treatment of mouth infections
ADVANTAGES
1. Absorption will be quicker than solid dosage form
2. Suspended insoluble powders are easy to swallow
3. Insoluble drug may be more palatable & stable.
4. The suspensions format enables easy administration of bulk insoluble powders
5. Lotions will leave a cooling layer of medicaments on the skin
6. It is theoretically possible to formulate sustained release preparations.

10. THE END
THANK YOU MAM
DISADVANTAGES:
1. Preparations require shaking before use
2. Accuracy of dose is likely to be less than with equivalent solution
3. Storage conditions can effect disperse system
4. Suspensions are bulky, difficult to transport and prone to container breakages.