Phantom pain is pain caused by elimination or interruption of sensory nerve impulses by destroying or injuring the sensory nerve fibers after amputation or deafferentation
Phantom pain is pain caused by elimination or interruption of sensory nerve impulses by destroying or injuring the sensory nerve fibers after amputation or deafferentation
This is the presentation which was delivered to third year Bachelor of Physiotherapy students at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (KUSMS), Dhulikhel, Nepal. Different schools of thoughts in manual therapy are the part of curriculum for the undergraduate students at KUSMS.
This is the presentation which was delivered to third year Bachelor of Physiotherapy students at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (KUSMS), Dhulikhel, Nepal. Different schools of thoughts in manual therapy are the part of curriculum for the undergraduate students at KUSMS.
Can be used for critical reflection for learner who is analyzing what he/she knows and has learned about pain management for patients who have a diagnosis of stomach cancer.
Relieving phantom limp pain using mirror therapy is a presentation on a case study, where a clinical psychologist used mirror therapy to relieve phantom limp pain in a patient
Physiology of Pain (PPT) Nervous System PhysiologyShaista Jabeen
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Physiology of Pain (PPT)
Nervous System Physiology
INTRODUCTION
BENEFITS OF PAIN SENSATION
COMPONENTS OF PAIN SENSATION
PATHWAYS OF PAIN SENSATION
FROM SKIN AND DEEPER STRUCTURES
FROM FACE
FROM VISCERA
FROM PELVIC REGION
VISCERAL PAIN
CAUSES OF VISCERAL PAIN
REFERRED PAIN
DEFINITION
EXAMPLES OF REFERRED PAIN
MECHANISM OF REFERRED PAIN
NEUROTRANSMITTERS INVOLVED IN PAIN SENSATION
ANALGESIA SYSTEM
ANALGESIC PATHWAY
GATE CONTROL THEORY
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
Short Notes
pdf ppt
Pain helps as to known that there is a problem or damaged to our organs or our mind and we need very attension for seeking a medical advices or to learn from the pain.
pain. Medical Surgical Nursing ......pptxPatelVedanti
Pain is a complex, multidimensional phenomenon. Everyone has experienced some types or degrees of pain. Pain is the most common reason for physician and also common problems faced by nurses when they are dealing with the patients.
The word pain is derived from the Latin word ‘Poena’ which means punishment. It is a major symptom in many medical conditions, and can significantly interfere with a person's quality of life and general functioning.
Pain motivates us to withdraw from potentially damaging situations, protect a damaged body part while it heals, and avoid those situations in the future.
Most pain resolves promptly once the painful stimulus is removed and the body has healed, but sometimes pain persists despite removal of the stimulus and apparent healing of the body; and sometimes pain arises in the absence of any detectable stimulus, damage or disease.
The International Association for the Study of Pain's widely used definition states:
"Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage".
The processes in the body that are involved in the perception of pain are called "nociception."
Mount castle defined pain as “that sensory experiences evoked by stimuli that injure or threaten to destroy tissue, defined introspectively by every man as that which hurts”.
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Duration And Severity,
Anatomical Location,
Body System Involved,
Cause, And
Temporal Characteristics (Intermittent, Constant, Etc)
Acute pain lasts a short time, or is expected to be over soon. The time frame may be as brief as seconds or as long as weeks.
Chronic pain may be defined as pain that lasts beyond the healing of an injury, continues for a period of several months or longer, or occurs frequently for at least months and is more difficult to manage.eg-rheumatoid arthritis
Cutaneous or superficial pain- it is directly precised &readily localized i.e. patient can indicate exactly where it hurt.
Referred pain- pain felt at a site distinct from site of pain. eg-cardiac pain is present in the heart, but felt in the left arm
Intractable pain- persistent, severe pain that cannot be effectively controlled by the usual medication is referred to as “Intractable pain”.
Localized pain- Localized pain arises directly from the site of the disturbance.
Differentiation of neurolapatic pain- severs pain caused by nervous system damage, when the flow of afferent nerve impulse has been partially or completely interrupted. eg accident.
Pain of muscular or bonny origin- the muscular ischemia of intermittent claudication(a in commonly in the legs or arms that comes on with walking or using the arms.) & occlusion vascular induce pain in the extrimities. eg joint pain
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
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The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
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Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
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2. Phantom limb pain
• Phantom limb pain refers to mild to extreme pain felt in the area
where a limb has been amputated.
• Phantom limb sensations usually will disappear or decrease over
time; when phantom limb pain continues for more than six
months, however, the prognosis for improvement is poor.
3.
The concept of Phantom
Limb Pain as being in pain
that feels like it's coming
from a body part that's no
longer there.
Doctors once believed this
post-amputation
phenomenon was a
psychological problem, but
experts now recognize that
these real sensations
originate in the spinal cord
and brain.
Introduction
4. What are
the
symptoms?
• In addition to pain in the phantom limb,
some people experience other
sensations such as tingling, cramping,
heat, and cold in the portion of the limb
that was removed. Any sensation that
the limb could have experienced prior to
the amputation may be experienced in
the amputated phantom limb.
5. What causes it?
• Less painkillers during the amputation or the painkillers wasn`t
effective enough.
• Before amputation patient had a really strong traumatic pain.
• Although the limb is no longer there, the nerve endings at the site of the
amputation continue to send pain signals to the brain that makes the brain think th
e limb is still there. Sometimes, the brain’s memory of pain is retained and is interp
reted as pain, regardless of signals from injured nerves
6. Treatments
•
Mirror therapy
•
Relaxation techniques
•
Massage of the amputation area
•
Injections with local anesthetics and/
or steroids
•
Surgery to remove scar tissue entangling a
nerve
•
Physical therapy
•
TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve
stimulation) of the stump
•
Neurostimulation techniques such as spinal
cord stimulation or deep brain stimulation
•
Medications such as pain-relievers,
neuroleptics,antidepressants, beta-blockers, a
nd sodium channel blockers.
•
Prosthesis
7. Treatment of Phantom pain
• Nonpharmacological treatment
• Transcutaneous Electrical
Never Stimulation (TENS)
- Standard device ,
inexpensive
- Safe and easy to use
- Using battery to
control
- Generates to the
skin to activate the
effected nerves.
9. Mirror Therapy
•
was first introduced by
Ramachandran in 1996
•
persons with amputated limb use
either a mirror or mirror box to
reflect an image of the intact limb.
It is hypothesized that this works
by preventing cortical
restructuring
•
patients with PLP showed a
decrease in pain at the 6-month
follow-up (Diers, 2010)
•
mechanisms underlying the
effects of mirror training or motor
imagery, are still unclear
12. How to avoid the phantom limb
pain?
• Right operation technics.
• Effective painkillers during the procedure and after it.
• Good stump care and rehabilitation.
13.
14. 1. Christopher V Boudakian, DO PGY-4
Rusk Rehabilitation
NYU Langone Medical Center
2. 2010 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Volume 16, September
2010
3. http://www.slideshare.net/KksKerst/phantom-limb-pain
4. http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/guide/phantom-
limb-pain
References
