Phantom limb pain (PLP) refers to the sensation that an amputated limb is still present and causes pain such as severe cramping, itching, stabbing or waving sensations. The pain is caused by nerves in the brain continuing to process signals from the missing limb. A mirror-box treatment has been used where the patient places their intact limb inside a box with a mirror so it appears the amputated limb is still there, and performs mirrored movements which can help reduce PLP for some patients by disrupting pain memories in the brain. PLP affects patients psychologically and their ability to cope depends on how much the lingering pain impacts their daily lives.

1. PHANTOM LIMB PAIN (PLP):
SENSATION OF THE ABSENT PART
ACADEMIC COMMUNICATION 1
(LMCE 1012)
NAJWA HUDA BINTI MOHD SHAHIDIN
(A150272)
INSTRUCTOR :
MISS ROSELIND BINTI RAZALI

2. SENSATION AFTER AMPUTATION
WHAT IS PLP
BASED ON JAMES ROPER (2009) :
SEVERE CRAMPING
TERM WAS COINED BY
MITCHELL IN 1872
THEY FEEL THAT THE ABSENT
PART STILL PRESENT
ITCHING, STABBING,
WAVING HAND

3. EXAMPLE FOR PLP
EXAMPLE FOR LEG PART
EXAMPLE FOR HAND PART

4. PHENOMENA OF PLP
( PAIN MEMORIES )
NERVES IN NEUROSIGNATURE
BRAIN PROCESS THE SIGNAL
sending message
RECREATE THE NON-EXISTING LIMB

5. MIRROR-BOX TREATMENT
Two holes at front
Reflection
Mirror in the middle
Roof has been removed
( BY RAMACHANDRAN)

6. mirror-symmetric
movements
Example 1
Example 2

7. mirror-box treatment is limit to patients who suffer from
cramping and muscular type PLP
According to Dr. Melitta Giummara (2011) :

8. CONCLUSION
PATIENTS FEAR
THE WORST
AFFECTED BY
THE PAIN
PATIENTS WHO
COPE WELL
AFECTED BY
THE PAIN
( PAIN MEMORIES )

9. THANK
YOU