The document discusses different forms of persuasive writing including advertisements, editorials, speeches, propaganda, reviews, blogs, and persuasive essays. It provides examples and definitions of each form. It then focuses on the structure and elements of a persuasive essay, including a hook/lead, thesis statement, supporting arguments using logos, ethos and pathos, counterarguments, and a conclusion that restates the thesis.
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3 Basic Tips on Writing an Effective Essay TitlePsy Dissertation
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A brief description of the ethical problem related to your.docxmakdul
A brief description of the ethical problem related to your topic, as addressed by your
source (75-150 words): Why is this an ethical problem? Why does this author think it's an
ethical problem? Who is being harmed? and how? how often? under what circumstances?
A few ethical issues that I addressed in my argumentative essay is the way we treat our
environment and continuously pollute and plummet our resources, e.g., public parks, nature
reserves, national parks, forests, oceans and our overall surroundings. Animals are impacted by
the expansion of humans encroaching on their territories in an effort to expand on an industrial
scale and while humans do not feel an immediate impact, over time the depletion of natural forest
and preserves has diminished air quality and landscape. Another ethical issue is who decides when
humans have sufficient resources. One person’s opinion of what is sufficient versus another is an
argument within itself.
The argumentative THESIS (25-50 words): This is a proposal essay, so succinctly state
your PROPOSAL/PLAN for addressing the ethical problem/issue.
A plan to address these ethical issues is to confirm the expansion and industrialization of earth’s
resources in an effort to satisfy human consumption. How much does one person really need?
How much industrialization is required? Is the overconsumption of resources really a need or just
greed? Ultimately, my plan is to address what is necessary versus industrialization for political
and economic gain. In a true conservation effort, information could be gathered to reflect the
impact of over-consumption and diminishing resources. In a grassroots fashion, flyers or emails
could be sent requesting that each member of a household only use 15-20 minutes of water a day,
recycle, and as part of an exercise routine, take a garbage bag, some gloves, and pick up litter.
Analysis (150 words minimum): How does the other author suggest approaching/solving the
problem? What assumptions does that author make? What kinds of concerns does the author's
treatment of this issue raise? What are the implications for that way of thinking/approach to
problem solving? Address ALL FOUR of the stasis questions for the other author's
argument.
The author’s approach is to provide a brief history of our history’s consumption and possibly the
inability to stop. The author cites to several sources in an effort to reflect how the earth has
changed since the Native American tribes originally resided on the land. She also hints at the fact
that humans are degrading earth’s landscape and asks the reader(s) to logically reflect on who we
are becoming as a species. Where will we be in the future if we continue this path? The author’s
stasis questions reference human consumption, industrialization, political and economic gain, and
basically greed. What can be a downfall to the author’s approach is that she is assuming .
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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2. Forms of Persuasive Writing
• Advertisements
• Editorials
• Speeches
• Propaganda
• Reviews
• Blogs
• Persuasive Essays
3. Forms of Persuasive Writing
Advertisements try to convince you to do
or buy something.
4. Forms of Persuasive Writing
Editorials about current issues appear in
newspapers and magazines, or on
television, radio, and the internet.
http://topmagazines.wordpress.com/2011/06/29/recommended-magazines-for-people-who-can%E2%80%99t-get-enough/
5. Forms of Persuasive Writing
Persuasive speeches try to convince an
audience to take action
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/historyofus/web14/index.html
6. Forms of Persuasive Writing
Propaganda is often about political issues,
and usually includes emotionally charged
appeals.
http://www.zazzle.com/change_we_can_believe_in_poster-228719897857931246 http://www.zazzle.com/miss_me_yet_george_bush_billboard_postcard-239692539098456593
7. Forms of Persuasive Writing
Reviews evaluate items like books or
movies and state an opinion as to whether
the product is worth the reader’s time and
money.
http://www.imdb.com/movies-in-theaters/
8. Forms of Persuasive Writing
Blogs provide
commentary on a
particular topic,
often combining
text, images, and
links to other blogs,
web pages, and
other media related
to its topic. Blogs
also allow readers
to respond.
http://www.ted.com/talks/marcel_dicke_why_not_eat_insects.html
9. Forms of Persuasive Writing
Persuasive essays use logic, reason, and
emotion to convince readers to join the
writer in a certain point of view.
http://www.essay.tv/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/how-to-write-essay.jpg
11. A persuasive essay convinces readers to
agree with the writer’s opinion
• The lead/hook captures the reader’s attention
• The thesis states the writer’s assertion (belief)
about the topic
• The supporting arguments (logos, pathos, ethos)
convince the reader that the thesis is correct
• Optional counter arguments respond to reader
concerns and objections
• The conclusion restates the thesis (comes back
to the point)
12. Lead / Hook
Grab the Reader’s Attention
Anecdote (narrative
vignette)
I walked proudly through the hallways of AMS,
my new blue mohawk glistening magnificently in
the florescent lighting of the hallway, but then I
saw Mr. Caruthers. I felt the wax in my hair start
to melt.
Question Do schools have the right to tell kids how to
dress?
Hyperbole For the past 300 years in this country, schools
have been crushing the artistic freedom of
students with oppressive dress codes!
Setting At Centerville Middle School, a controversy is
brewing. Walk down the hallways, and amidst a
tranquil sea of khaki pants and navy blue polo
shirts, the blades of a fuchsia mohawk cut
through the peaceful learning environment.
Alliterative Phrase Timeless. Tasteful. Tried and true. The
traditional school uniform is the foundation of a
true learning environment.
Quotation “Give me liberty or give me death.”
13. Thesis and Forecast
A thesis statement is always one sentence
that states your assertion (belief) about a
topic. A thesis statement usually includes
a forecast (brief preview of your
arguments).
(I believe) ____________________
because of argument 1, argument 2, and
argument 3.
15. Which of the following is a good
thesis statement?
• I believe we must stop wasting food now!
• The problem of food waste can easily be solved by
implementing three simple steps: reduce, reuse,
recycle.
• If you aren’t reducing, reusing, and recycling, you
should.
• I believe wasting food is a huge problem. We need to
reduce our food waste. For example, make a shopping
list before you go to the store, and only buy things you
truly need. You shouldn’t buy a gallon of milk if you are
only going to drink a quart of it during the week. Who
cares if the gallon size is on sale?
16. Supporting Arguments
Logical Appeal (Logos)—Does the author’s
proposal make sense?
Ethical Appeal (Ethos)– Is the author’s
proposal the right thing to do?
Emotional Appeal (Pathos)—Will accepting
the author’s proposal make me feel
better?
17. Types of Supporting Arguments
Logos—an appeal to logic
• Often contain expert testimony
• Often contain statistical information
• Suggest that the product is the “logical” or “right” choice
18. Types of Supporting Arguments
Ethos-an appeal to do the “right” thing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncle_Sam http://marvel.com/images/gallery/story/15172/images_from_own_a_piece_of_the_captain_america_movie/image/857368
19. Types of Supporting Arguments
Pathos-an appeal to the emotions
http://46664.net/56/aspca-the-american-society-for-the-prevention-of-cruelty-to-animals/
20. Not all emotional arguments are sad!
http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1912454,00.htm lhttp://www.heroestheseries.com/masi-oka-and-hayden-panettiere-got-milk-ads/
21. Counter Arguments
Address Reader Objections
• Oil companies should
not be allowed to drill
for oil in Alaska.
• Schools should make
overweight students
eat diet meals for
school lunch.
http://factbank.blogspot.com/2012/05/alaska-facts.html http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/GettingHealthy/Overweight-in-Children_UCM_304054_Article.jsp
22. Conclusion
Restate the Thesis and Commentary
• But one hundred years later,
the Negro still is not free. One
hundred years later, the life of
the Negro is still sadly crippled
by the manacles of
segregation and the chains of
discrimination. One hundred
years later, the Negro lives on
a lonely island of poverty in the
midst of a vast ocean of
material prosperity. One
hundred years later, the Negro
is still languishing in the
corners of American society
and finds himself an exile in
his own land. So we have
come here today to dramatize
a shameful condition.
• And when this happens, when
we allow freedom to ring, when
we let it ring from every village
and every hamlet, from every
state and every city, we will be
able to speed up that day
when all of God's children,
black men and white men,
Jews and Gentiles, Protestants
and Catholics, will be able to
join hands and sing in the
words of the old Negro
spiritual, "Free at last! free at
last! thank God Almighty, we
are free at last!"
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/16/i-have-a-dream-speech-text-martin-luther-king-jr_n_1207734.html
24. Audience and Author’s Purpose
• When writing persuasively, always
remember the interaction between the
writer and the reader. The writer is trying
to persuade a reader who may be
enthusiastic or resistant or simply
disinterested. Persuasive writing must be
well organized, but it must also hook the
reader, and then keep him or her engaged
with creative and authentic word choice.
Editor's Notes
A campaign poster for Barack Obama and a billboard advertisement that was displayed on Interstate 35 between Dallas and Austin in Texas
Counter arguments are listed here as optional. Depending on the length of the essay, counter arguments may be omitted. Notice that the components have been color coded. They are color coded throughout this presentation. As an extension activity, students could use the color codes here to highlight mentor texts.
Here are some possible leads for a persuasive paper about school dress codes. Have students consider tone and audience. Which would be most appropriate?
Introduce the thesis statement model. Have students practice writing thesis statements with the “I believe” stem until they become proficient. Some students may only need to be shown the example once—others may have to write four or five essays using the stem until they get the idea. I refer to the “I believe” stem as the “training wheels” for thesis statements. Once students are confident in their ability to write thesis statements, they can get rid of the “training wheels.” Show students the correlation between the planner and the thesis statement and forecast.
Show students the correlation between the thesis and forecast and the planner.
Have students analyze these typical student thesis statements. The first is missing a forecast. The third has an assertion, and previews the arguments, but the tone is not academic. This is a great opportunity to discuss with students the use of first person, second person, and third person points of view in academic writing. The final example starts with an assertion, but the writer then launches into the heart of the arguments. Stress to students that the forecast is a concise preview—the full argument and supporting details should go in the body paragraphs, not the introduction.
Many students will have seen “Captain America” or “The Avengers.” Talk about why this particular ad, which is featured in the film, would appeal to the Captain American character.
Discuss with students why sad images are often used in ads for companies that are soliciting donations. Discuss the effects of music in these ads as well—an example would be Sarah MacLachlan’s song “In the Arms of an Angel”
Discuss with students the power of the appeal of fun. This spokesman for Six Flags is a somewhat controversial choice in the business world. What about this “creepy old guy” suggests “fun” to young audiences? The desire to follow in the footsteps of a famous celebrity is also a powerful emotional appeal.
Have students come up with possible counter arguments to these two assertions.
Have students compare these excerpts from Martin Luther King Jr.’s famous “I Have A Dream” speech. This is an excellent example of a conclusion that wraps back around to the theme introduced in the introduction. Emphasize to students that restating the thesis doesn’t mean that you simply recopy your thesis sentence, and change one or two words. The conclusion should revisit the author’s position established in the thesis statement—and reiterate the author’s vision going forward.
Take this opportunity to review the structure of a persuasive essay.
Discuss with students that writing free of grammatical and spelling errors is more credible. An example of asyndeton has been purposefully added to this comment. Older students can debate the effectiveness of the choice to leave out the commas in series as a style choice. Students might also discuss the use of texting language in online persuasive writing—is it appropriate? Is a formally written blog or response more or less credible than a response written in texting language. (LOL u r so right! Vs. I agree that recycling is a great way to reduce food waste.)