What are The Essential Components of a Psychological Assessment?stevenlendon
A comprehensive psychological evaluation involves a combination of assessment tools that are designed to understand the source of underlying concerns affecting behavior.
American psychologist Henry Murray developed a theory of personality that was organized in terms of motives, and needs. Murray described a need as a potentiality or readiness to respond in a certain way under certain given circumstances.
Theories of personality based upon needs and motives suggest that our personalities are a reflection of behaviors controlled by needs.
Alfred Binet, Theodore Simon and Lewis Madison Terman , 1905
(Original)
1916
(First Revised Edition)
Salpetriere Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale is an intelligence test which measures the cognitive abilities among children and adults from age two through mature adulthood. It has gone through many changes through the years.
What are The Essential Components of a Psychological Assessment?stevenlendon
A comprehensive psychological evaluation involves a combination of assessment tools that are designed to understand the source of underlying concerns affecting behavior.
American psychologist Henry Murray developed a theory of personality that was organized in terms of motives, and needs. Murray described a need as a potentiality or readiness to respond in a certain way under certain given circumstances.
Theories of personality based upon needs and motives suggest that our personalities are a reflection of behaviors controlled by needs.
Alfred Binet, Theodore Simon and Lewis Madison Terman , 1905
(Original)
1916
(First Revised Edition)
Salpetriere Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale is an intelligence test which measures the cognitive abilities among children and adults from age two through mature adulthood. It has gone through many changes through the years.
Curious where you fall among the sixteen personality types created by Isabel Briggs Myers? This presentation explains how to discover your own type by understanding the four key dimensions of personality.
The commonly held beliefs of psychometric testing challenged. Compulsory reading for those interested in understanding the reality of psychometric testing and the psychometric testing industry.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Personality: Characteristic patterns of behavior, thought, or emotional experience that exhibit relative consistency across time and situations (This definition is in this chapter, but you should define personality for your students before this chapter.)
These assessments are more important than those made by psychologists, because the consequences of them are more important.
Agreement: Does this judgment agree with other judgments obtained through other techniques or from other judges?
Prediction: Can this judgment of personality be used to predict behavior or other life outcomes?
Omnibus inventories: measure a wide range of traits
Activity 5-1: Exploration and discussion of personality tests based on the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP)
Activity 5-2: Implicit Association Test
Alternative for using good and bad instead of me and others
Activity 5-3: Projective test taking and interpretation
Activity 5-4: Online TAT with interpretation
Try For Yourself 5.1 on p. 147
Definition: a test that presents a person with an ambiguous stimulus and asks him or her to describe what is seen
The person may or may not be aware of the inner processes.
Draw-A-Person test: nonverbal test of intelligence or emotional problems for children ages 5 to 17
TAT: tell stories about drawings of people and ambiguous events; measures implicit motives and reflects what people want
Class activity: Projective Test Taking and Interpretation
The most valid tests seem to be the TAT and Rorschach (with one of two scoring methods).
A psychologist cannot be sure what projective tests mean: Answers may be interpreted differently.
Rorschach: With these scoring systems, there is some evidence of validity; may be good for predicting suicide or commitment to a mental hospital; used by 82% of clinical psychologists (at least occasionally); little evidence of incremental validity beyond easier and cheaper tests such as the MMPI.
People score differently on projective and objective measures: tests of the same attribute might assess different things (implicit, what people want, vs. explicit, how motives will be expressed)
Projective and objective measures predict different outcomes: need for achievement predicts math test scores (implicit) vs. volunteer for leadership (explicit)
Activity 5-5: Excerpts from “Flowers for Algernon”
Definition of objective test: a personality test that consists of a list of questions to be answered by the subject as true or false or on a numeric scale
The questions seem more objective and less open to interpretation than projective tests.
Items are still not absolutely objective: they can be interpreted in different ways; And this might not be all bad because how they are interpreted might be influenced by personality
Examples from the Big Five Inventory: what does the italicized item mean?
I see myself as someone who is sophisticated in art, music, and literature. (openness scale)
I see myself as someone who is reserved. (extraversion scale, reversed)
The principle of aggregation: the average of answers to several items increases stability and reliability
Use the Spearman-Brown formula to calculate reliability if items were added
The rational method definition: write items that seem directly, obviously, and rationally related to what is to be measured
The most common form of test construction
Items are sometimes based on a theory of the trait and sometimes less systematic: Have students think about what items could be used for a test of relationship quality.
Try For Yourself 5.2 on p. 156: Optimism-Pessimism Test as an example of a rationally constructed test
The factor analytic method definition: Identify which items group together by using the statistical technique of factor analysis.
Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985)
Quality: Some types of items may be overrepresented, and some may be left out or be underrepresented.
Factors don’t always make sense: FA identifies traits or items that go together, but the conceptual reason for this is not always clear.
The empirical method definition: Identify items based on how people in pre-identified groups respond.
Compare the answers of the different groups: Basic assumption is that certain kinds of people have distinctive ways of answering certain questions.
Cross-validation: Determine whether the test can predict behavior, diagnosis, or category membership in a new sample.
Two commonly used empirically constructed tests
Responses are difficult to fake: It doesn’t matter whether people answer truthfully and accurately (because these are B data).
Tests are only as good as the criteria by which they are developed and/or cross-validated: The test may not work at another time, in another place, and with different people.
PR: People who take the test can be skeptical about whether it really measures what it is supposed to measure.
Content validity: The content of the test matches the content of what is trying to be predicted (this is low with the empirical method).
Problems with the law: based on asking questions that could lead to discrimination (e.g., of religion, sexual preferences)
Schools and career counselors use vocational interest tests.
Clinicians use tests to help with diagnosis and treatment selection.
Employers use integrity tests: often related to traits that predict job performance; do not discriminate against women, minorities, and other groups.
CIA uses tests to select agents.
Different for honest vs. dishonest people: Honest people have to decide whether to lie about minor offenses to get a high score; dishonest people don’t have this dilemma.
Controlling people: by rewarding correct traits and punishing incorrect traits
Traits are not invented or constructed, they are discovered and their nature and correlates are established empirically.
Good way to assess personality: better than interviews, which are also common
