Dr. Lani discusses all aspects of the dissertation methodology, including: selecting a survey instrument, population, reliability, validity, data analysis plan, and IRB/URR considerations.
How to write Research methodology Thesis, How to write research proposal, what is research methodology, how to write research paper, research tools, Dr.Narendranath Guria
Dr. Lani discusses all aspects of the dissertation methodology, including: selecting a survey instrument, population, reliability, validity, data analysis plan, and IRB/URR considerations.
How to write Research methodology Thesis, How to write research proposal, what is research methodology, how to write research paper, research tools, Dr.Narendranath Guria
Learn the process of Research.
Research process consists of a series of actions or steps necessary to carry out research. It guides a researcher to conduct research in a planned and organized sequence.
Introduction
Study design in qualitative research
Method of data collection
Handling qualitative data
Analyzing qualitative data
Presenting the results of qualitative research
Learn the process of Research.
Research process consists of a series of actions or steps necessary to carry out research. It guides a researcher to conduct research in a planned and organized sequence.
Introduction
Study design in qualitative research
Method of data collection
Handling qualitative data
Analyzing qualitative data
Presenting the results of qualitative research
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Q.1 A single plate clutch with both sides of the plate effective is required to transmit 25 kW at 1600 r.p.m. The outer diameter of the plate is limited to 300 mm and the intensity of pressure between the plates not to exceed 0.07N / m * m ^ 2 Assuming uniform wear and coefficient of friction 0.3, find the inner diameter of the plates and the axial force necessary to engage the clutch.
Q.2 A multiple disc clutch has radial width of the friction material as 1/5th of the maximum radius. The coefficient of friction is 0.25. Find the total number of discs required to transmit 60 kW at 3000 r.p.m. The maximum diameter of the clutch is 250 mm and the axial force is limited to 600 N. Also find the mean unit pressure on each contact surface.
Q.3 A cone clutch is to be designed to transmit 7.5 kW at 900 r.p.m. The cone has a face angle of 12°. The width of the face is half of the mean radius and the normal pressure between the contact faces is not to exceed 0.09 N/mm². Assuming uniform wear and the coefficient of friction between the contact faces as 0.2, find the main dimensions of the clutch and the axial force required to engage the clutch.
Q.4 A cone clutch is mounted on a shaft which transmits power at 225 r.p.m. The small diameter of the cone is 230 mm, the cone face is 50 mm and the cone face makes an angle of 15 deg with the horizontal. Determine the axial force necessary to engage the clutch to transmit 4.5 kW if the coefficient of friction of the contact surfaces is 0.25. What is the maximum pressure on the contact surfaces assuming uniform wear?
Q.5 A soft surface cone clutch transmits a torque of 200 N-m at 1250 r.p.m. The larger diameter of the clutch is 350 mm. The cone pitch angle is 7.5 deg and the face width is 65 mm. If the coefficient of friction is 0.2. find:
1. the axial force required to transmit the torque:
2. the axial force required to engage the clutch;
3. the average normal pressure on the contact surfaces when the maximum torque is being transmitted; and
4. the maximum normal pressure assuming uniform wear.
Q.6 A single block brake, as shown in Fig. 1. has the drum diameter 250 mm. The angle of contact is 90° and the coefficient of friction between the drum and the lining is 0.35. If the torque transmitted by the brake is 70 N-m, find the force P required to operate the brake. Q.7 The layout and dimensions of a double shoe brake is shown in Fig. 2. The diameter of the
brake drum is 300 mm and the contact angle for each shoe is 90°. If the coefficient of friction for the brake lining and the drum is 0.4, find the spring force necessary to transmit a torque of 30 N-m. Also determine the width of the brake shoes, if the bearing pressure on the lining material is not to exceed 0.28N / m * m ^ 2
Toll tax management system project report..pdfKamal Acharya
Toll Tax Management System is a web based application that can provide all the information related to toll plazas and the passenger checks in and pays the amount, then he/she will be provided by a receipt. With this receipt he/she can leave the toll booth without waiting for any verification call.
The information would also cover registration of staff, toll plaza collection, toll plaza collection entry for vehicles, date wise report entry, Vehicle passes and passes reports b/w dates.
This document is by explosives industry in which document discussed manufacturing process and flow charts details by nitric acid and sulfuric acid and tetra benzene and step by step details of explosive industry explosives industry is produced raw materials and manufacture it by manufacturing process
Online resume builder management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
This project aims at the Introduction to app Service Management.
This software is designed keeping in mind the user’s efficiency & ease of handling and maintenance , as and secured system over centralized data handling and providing with the features to get the complete study and control over the business.
The report depicts the basics logic used for software development long with the Activity diagrams so that logics may be apprehended without difficulty.
For detailed information, screen layouts, provided along with this report can be viewed.
Although this report is prepared with considering the results required these may be across since the project is subjected to future enhancements as per the need of organizations.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
This is a assigned group presentation given by my Computer Science course teacher at Green University of Bangladesh, Bangladesh.
My Presentation Topic was - Cloud Computing
This group presentation includes the work Md. Shahidul Islam Prodhan, pages no 10 - 15.
www.facebook.com/TheShahidul
www.twitter.com/TheShahidul
www.linkedin.com/TheShahidul
A case study of cinema management system project report..pdfKamal Acharya
A computer reservation system or central reservation system is a computerized system used to store and retrieve information and conduct transactions related to air travel, hotels, car rental, or activities. These systems typically allow users to book hotel rooms, rental cars, airline tickets as well as activities and tours. They also provide access to railway reservations and bus reservations in some markets, although these are not always integrated with the main system. For these systems to be accessible on mobile phones and computers outside the premises of the airport, cinema, train station or stadiums, they need to be on the internet or a network.
This project focuses on the design and implementation of a web based cinema management system for the allocation of seat tickets online. The system would feature the registration of users, use of serial numbers and pins gotten from scratch cards sold and a printed slip. The system would have a store of all the seats and automate the generation of fresh serial numbers and pins.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Hall booking system project report .pdfKamal Acharya
PHP and MySQL project on Hall Booking System is a web based project and it has been developed in PHP and MySQL and we can manage Payment, Booking, Inventory, Booking Dates, Customers and Hall from this project.
The main objective to develop Hall Booking System PHP, MySQL, JAVA SCRIPT and BOOTSRAP Project is to overcome the manual errors and make a computerized system.
In this project, there are various type of modules available to manage Customers, Booking, Payment. We can also generate reports for Booking, Payment, Booking Dates, Hall. Here the Payment module manage all the operations of Payment, Booking module can manage Booking, Inventory module is normally developed for managing Inventory, Booking Dates module manages Booking Dates operations, Customers module has been implemented to manage Customers.
In this project all the modules like Payment, Booking Dates, Booking are tightly coupled and we can track the information easily. Ifyou are looking for Free Hall Booking System Project in PHP and MySQL then you can visit our free projects section.
We can easily get the list of wedding halls & lawns in Nagpur. Also we have detailed contact information for some particular hall. But we cannot get the availability about hall. So background behind this web portal is that it gives the area wise listing of wedding halls & lawns with the detailed information of individual and also display for particular date the hall is available or not. Just dial is the system in which we can only find the name of Hall and Lawns in city. In just dial we cannot find Halls in specific area. This system cannot show all information about any Hall. This system is not able to book the Halls online.
The A Web Based Hall Booking Management System is designed to overcome the disadvantage of previous system.We can easily get the list of Wedding Halls. But we cannot get the availability about Hall. So background behind this web portal is that it gives the area wise listing of Wedding Halls with the detailed information of individual and also display for particular date the Hall is available or not. This is a special type of web portal to easily get the information of all Wedding Halls in Nagpur which display separate calendar for separate Hall. For particular date the Hall. We can availability of Hall as well as Lawns detailed information about individuals Hall in our web portal . It provides all facilities to clients with lowest cost and lowest maintenance problems.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
2. Matching methods to research paradigm
Method Quantitative Qualitative
Written
Instrument
Standardized Instrument
(validity and reliability
established)
Constructed survey or
interview guide (Use some
questions from other surveys;
construct new questions). May
determine validity and
reliability after administration
No predeveloped questions in survey
or interview guide
Predeveloped questions – may be
administered in no established order;
questions may be added depending
on circumstances.
Predeveloped questions – established
order
Observation Structured observation –
predetermined items are
counted in terms of frequency,
duration, occurrence,
permanent product, etc.
Open-ended observations – trying to
identify themes and patters
Content
analysis
Structured counting of a pre-
determined phenomena in
terms of frequency, etc.
Open-ended analysis; themes and
patterns are identified.
3. Quantitative/Descriptive Studies
involve specific Research Designs
• Designs structure how the interviews are
conducted.
• Allow different groups and time periods to
be compared.
• Minimize threats to internal and external
validity.
4. Components of Designs
• Sampling (Random; Other probability
sampling or nonprobability – such as
convenience, purposive, or snowball)
• Groups – one group; two, or multiple
group comparisons.
• Time intervals – pre and post tests or
multiple observations.
5. Common design types
• Experimental Design (pre-post; random sample,
two or more groups compared.
• Quasi Experimental with nonequivalent
comparisons groups- pre and post.
• Quasi Experiments with post-test only.
• One group - pre and post test only.
• One group – multiple time periods measured
(time series or longitudinal studies)
• One group – one measure – usually called
cross-sectional survey.
6. Random designs help ensure
internal/external validity
• Internal validity – attribute of people included or
way the research was conducted may limit our
ability to establish a real connection between the
independent and dependent variables.
• External validity – can we generalize results to
other people, settings, and times.
(Note for some types of studies – qualitative
research and needs assessments and some
types of evaluations – we do not need
generalizability. We are only interested in finding
things out about a particular situation).
7. Exceptions to Experimental/Quasi-
experimental Designs: One group studies
• Case studies (combination of methods
looking at one individual, group, family,
organization, or community)
• Survey research
• Consumer satisfaction surveys
• Needs Assessments
8. Use these alternative methods
• For descriptive studies
• When you do not have an intervention
• When you want to look at a specific
situation or group and you do not intend to
generalize.
• When it would be difficult or unethical to
create an experimental or control group.
• When you do not have time or money to
conduct an experiment.
9. Threats to Internal Validity Include:
• History
• Maturation
• Testing
• Instrumentation
• Regression to the mean
• Selection
• Interaction between Selection and the
other threats to Internal Validity.
10. Qualitative Research
• Usually one group
• Comparisons may be made after data
analysis – decision to compare made
based on obvious patterns in the data.
• Sampling – nonprobability – purposive,
convenience, snowball
• Uses observation, interviews, and content
analysis.
11. Focus groups may also be used to conduct qualitative
research. Focus groups:
• Are used to assess people’s perceptions about programs or
services.
• Are used to generate recommendations for changing programs and
services.
• Are often used in conjunction with needs assessments or to
generate ideas or explore themes that can be used in descriptive
studies.
• Are used to answer questions about how or why programs work.
• May be used in conjunction with other research methods.
• Include six to eight participants who are selected using purposive
sampling methods.
• Utilize a semi-structured interview guide with 6-8 questions.
• Require that a facilitator ask each of the questions and solicit
responses from members.
• Are used to generate a common response or a consensus from
group members.
12. In any study:
• A mixture of methods may be used.
• Researchers may seek to increase reliability and
validity by using both quantitative and qualitative
approaches. This is called triangulation!
• Methods used should match the research question:
a) What happens/what is the outcome? quantitative)
b) Why does something happen? How does it happen?
(qualitative)
c) A description of what exists (Descriptive)
13. Descriptive studies
Generally involve surveys, standardized
interviews, or the use of pre-existing
(secondary data).
• Include needs assessments.
• Can include both qualitative and
quantitative data collection. In some
cases, one instrument can include a mix of
qualitative and quantitative data collection
methods.
14. Survey and Interview Construction
Tips
• Only measure one concept per question.
• Don’t write the question to solicit a specific response
• Response categories (if used) should be mutually
exclusive and exhaustive
• Questions should be tactful and should not invoke a
social stigma.
• May be filter questions – respondents can be directed to
successive questions based on one response.
• Demographic questions are generally put at the
beginning or the end of the instrument.
• Be aware that respondents do not like to answer some
types of questions (age, income, organization budgets,
etc.)
15. Example of closed-ended
(response category) questions
1. What is your gender
1. Male 2. Female
2. What is your ethnic identification?
1. African American
2. American Indian
3. Asian/Pacific Islander
4. European American
5. Mexican American/Latino
6. Multicultural or multi-racial
7. Other ____________________
16. More examples
3. What is your age?
1. 18 or under
2. 19-29
3. 30-49
4. 50 – 64
5. Over 65
4. How satisfied are you with Social Work 292?
1. Very satisfied
2. Satisfied
3. Neutral
4. Unsatisfied
5. Very Unsatisfied
17. Sample question: How would you assess
your own practice ability in the following
areas:
High Medium Low
Write Case
Notes
1 2 3
Write Reports 1 2 3
Use
Computers
1 2 3
Apply
Theories
1 2 3
Evaluate
Practice
1 2 3
18. 1
.
Can you describe how you first became aware of your deafness
2
.
How do you see yourself today, in terms of your deafness?
3
.
What does your deafness mean to you?
4
.
Can you describe any particularly difficult or traumatic experiences
in your life related to your deafness?
5
.
Can you describe how you fit into deaf culture?
6
.
To what extent do you consider yourself active in both the deaf
world and the hearing world?
19. Each type of question corresponds to a level of
measurement. These levels of measurement will
determine what type of data analysis we use:
• All qualitative research is nominal.
• All categorical data in which there is no
difference in value among the categories is
nominal.
• All categorical data in which there is an implied
ranking (for example, high-medium-low) is
ordinal.
• Any question that asks respondents to rank
order responses is also ordinal.
• Any question in which the response is a number
or can be interpreted as a number with equal
values among the data points is ratio.
20. For example, ratio data can
include:
• What is your age? _______
• Five point likert scales (1=Very likely, 2 =
likely, etc. Usually likert scales are
illustrated on the survey instrument as 1
2 3 4 5. Respondents are asked to circle
the best response.
• Scores on standardized instruments are
also interpreted as ratio data.