Abstract:-This paper deals with open loop study of fixed capacitor thyristor controlled reactor (FC-TCR) system simulation using Matlab/Simulink for various loading. The modelling of the FC-TCR is verified using the Matlab/Simulink. First power flow results are obtained and power profile have been studied for an uncompensated then results are compared with the results obtained after compensating using the FC-TCR.Its observed that current drawn by FC-TCR is varied by changing firing angle. In compensation without FC-TCR, load increases and power factor become less and in compensation with FC-TCR, load increases and power factor become near to the unity.Hence by providing compensation Voltage, power profile of system will be improved and system losses are reduced.

1. International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 5(3), ISSN: 2394-9333
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Performance Analysis of FC-TCR
1
Yashwant Chaudhari, 2
Shubham Kalaskar, 3
Prathamesh Patil, 4
Srushtee Patil, 5
Shivani Shete & 6
Anish Salvi,
1,2,3,4,5,6
Department of Electrical Engineering, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University,
Lonere Raigad, Maharastra, India
Abstract:-This paper deals with open loop study of fixed
capacitor thyristor controlled reactor (FC-TCR) system
simulation using Matlab/Simulink for various loading. The
modelling of the FC-TCR is verified using the
Matlab/Simulink. First power flow results are obtained and
power profile have been studied for an uncompensated then
results are compared with the results obtained after
compensating using the FC-TCR.Its observed that current
drawn by FC-TCR is varied by changing firing angle. In
compensation without FC-TCR, load increases and power
factor become less and in compensation with FC-TCR, load
increases and power factor become near to the unity.Hence by
providing compensation Voltage, power profile of system will
be improved and system losses are reduced.
Keywords:- FACTS, SVC, TCR, Real and reactive power, FC-
TCR, Maltab/Simulink,Voltage Flicker,FC-TCR Simulation.
I. INTRODUCTION
There is a continuous rise in demand of electrical power. To
meet this rise, the growth in generation is essential, which is
not always possible due to various limitations like
environmental, financial, resources, land, etc. Expansion of
transmission network is always not easy. Due to these
problems, the entire power system is operated at its highest
capacity which may generate problems of stability, voltage
collapse and grid failure. To provide stable, secure and quality
power supply to end users and to utilize available transfer
capacities in better way, FACTS or SVC controllers are used
to enhance power system stability along with their main
application of power flow control.
The Power electronic based FACTS or SVC devices are
employed to power systems to improve system performance.
SVC are devices that can be used into power grids in series,
shunt and both in shunt and series combination. With FACTS
devices, the following merits can be achieved in power
systems: -
 Enhanced power transfer capability
 Improved system stability and power quality
 Reduced environmental impact
 Reduced transmission losses
 Voltage and Power Profile Improvements
 Voltage Regulations and Efficiency of power system
operation improvements.
II. STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR
A static VAR compensator is a set of electrical devices for
providing fast-acting reactive power on high voltage electricity
transmission networks. SVCs are part of the Flexible AC
transmission system device family, regulating voltage, power
factor, harmonics andstabilizing the system. A static VAR
compensator has no significant moving parts (other than
internal switchgear). Prior to the invention of the SVC, power
factor compensation was the preserve of large rotating
machines such as synchronous condensers or switched
capacitor banks.[1]
The SVC is an automated impedance or reactive power
matching device, designed to bring the system closer to
unity power factor. SVCs are used in two main situations:
 Connected to the power system, to regulate the
transmission voltage ("Transmission SVC")
 Connected near large industrial loads, to improve power
quality ("Industrial SVC")
In transmission applications, the SVC is used to regulate the
grid voltage. If the power system's reactive load
is capacitive (leading), the SVC will use thyristorcontrolled
reactors to con-sume VAR from the system, lowering the
system voltage. Under inductive (lagging) con-ditions, the
capacitor banks are automatically switched in, thus providing a
higher system voltage. By connecting the thyristor controlled
reactor, which is continuously variable, along with a capacitor
bank step, the net result is continuously variable leading or
lagging power.[1]
Fig. No. 1 : Basic diagram of FC-TCR
In industrial applications, SVCs are typically placed near high
and rapidly varying loads, such as arc furnaces, where they can
smooth flicker voltage
III. SIMULATION OF FC-TCR
For simulating SVC and to observe the effectiveness of SVC
system chosen for study is shown in Fig. 3. The source is
connected by transmission line with fixed capacitor in parallel
with thyristor controlled reactor (TCR) branch with parallel
load. Loadisaffected the system voltage and reactive power
requirement. Normally loads are RL in nature so here parallel
RL load is considered with FC-TCR.
Figure 2: Simulation of FC-TCR

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To implement simulation of FC-TCR in system first and
foremost thing is the sizing of capacitor and inductor. In
normal loading condition there is no need to put SVC in
operation. Initial firing angle α must be such that under
condition that SVC does not exchange any power with AC
system.
To illustrate SVC's ability for providing voltage regulation at
the point of connection control scheme has been implemented
in open loop environment in software simulation
i.e.Matlab/Simulink SVC volt-age, current, active & reactive
power waveforms for different firing angles are shown in
figure.
In case QC orXC and QL or XL cancel out each other, in that
case SVC reactance is infinite (i.e. TCR in blocking mode )
and there is no current leaving or entering the SVC so power
exchange between SVC and the source or load system is zero.
TCR equivalent reactance is given by
𝑋𝑡𝑐𝑟 =
𝜋𝑋𝐿
2(𝜋 − 𝛼) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2(𝜋 − 𝛼)
where QL is the reactance power of the linear inductor and σ
&α are the conduction and firing angles respectively At α
=90o TCR conducts fully and the equivalent reactance XTCR or
QTCR becomes XL or QL. At α =180o TCR blocked and its
equivalent reactance becomes extremely large i.e infinite
Total SVC reactance including capacitor branch is given by
Xsvc =
𝑋𝑐 ∗ 𝑋𝑡𝑐𝑟
𝑋𝑐 + 𝑋𝑡𝑐𝑟
𝐴𝑛𝑑 𝑄𝑠𝑣𝑐 =
𝑣2
𝑋𝑠𝑣𝑐
And as function of conduction angle σ
𝑋𝑠𝑣𝑐 =
𝜋 𝑋𝑐 ∗ 𝑋𝐿
𝑋𝑐 𝜎 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜎 − 𝜋𝑋𝐿
And as a function of firing angle α
𝑋𝑠𝑣𝑐 =
𝜋𝑋𝑐 ∗ 𝑋𝐿
𝑋𝑐 2 𝜋 − 𝛼 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝛼 − 𝜋𝑋𝐿
So we can say that effective reactance or reactive power of
SVC branch is function of firing angle α.[2]
Figure 3: Waveform of Voltage, Current, Active & Reactive
Power without Compensation
Figure 4: Waveform of Voltage, Current, Active & Reactive
Power with Compensation
IV. SIMULATION RESULT
Table 1: Result without compensation
Current , reactive Power & power factor Variation
Without FC-TCR
Sr. No
Voltage Current
Active
Power
Reactive
Power Power
factor
(KV) (Amp.) (MW) (MVAR)
1 11 640.7 10 7 0.819
2 11 656.1 10 7.5 0.801
3 11 670.2 10 8 0.781
4 11 688.9 10 8.5 0.792
5 11 706.1 10 9 0.743
6 11 742.3 10 10 0.707
Table 2: Result with compensation by Considering Firing
angle (deg.) = 400
Current , Reactive, Active Power & power factor
Variation WithFC-TCR
Sr. No
Voltage Current
Active
Power
Reactive
Power Power
factor
(KV) (Amp.) (MW) (MVAR)
1 11 598.4 10.25 5.4 0.902
2 11 598.4 10.25 5.23 0.9166
3 11 599.5 11 5.097 0.9297
4 11 601.8 11 5.01 0.942
5 11 605.8 11 4.973 0.9537
6 11 605.3 11 5.04 0.9732
From above table we, seen that current & reactive power
increases and system power factor become less. That means
losses in transmission line become which resulting, receiving
end voltage become less than the sending end voltage and
conductor of line are heated and line capability will be reduce

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IJTRD | May – Jun 2018
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But by using compensation the above causes can be
minimised.
For example, to get 1 kW of real power, if the power factor is
unity, 1 kVA of apparent power needs to be transferred (1 kW
÷ 1 = 1 kVA).At low values of power factor, more apparent
power needs to be transferred to get the same real power. To
get 1 kW of real power at 0.2 power factor, 5 kVA of apparent
power needs to be transferred (1 kW ÷ 0.2 = 5 kVA). This
apparent power must be produced and transmitted to the load
in the conventional fashion, and is subject to the usual
distributed losses in the production and transmission processes.
From the above Table1 & Table2, We are conclude that in un-
compensation system (i.e. without FC-TCR) the reactive
power increases but at same time power factor become
deceases and in compensation (i.e. with FC-TCR) reactive
power become less than un-compensation and at same time
power factor become greater than un-compensation also
voltage regulation, transmission lossesreduced and voltage and
power profile are improvements.
CONCLUSION
From the simulation results for FC-TCR using
Matlab/Simulinkit’s observed that current drawn by FC-TCR
is change by changing firing angle. In compensation without
FC-TCR, load increases and power factor become less and in
compensation with FC-TCR, load increases and power factor
become near to the unity. Hence by providing compensation
Voltage, power profile of system will be improved and system
losses are reduced. It is found that suggested scheme can
effectively use to control voltage and reactivecontrol profile.
FUTURE SCOPE
Here in this paper we just try to show that in today’s world we
need continuous energy so for that FACTS device has more
importance. So we have derived many results from over
Simulink model. If anybody wants to work more in this area
than here some suggestions are given by us.
 Try to make the closed loop simulation of Reactive
power compensation in feature
 Here FC-TCR is considered; try to show more effective
results with other FACTS devices.
 Here MATLAB/Simulink is used try to get results with
PSCAD or any other software
 Try to Compliance with implement with industrial
problems.
Reference
[1] N.G Hingorani& Laszlo Gyugyi, “Understanding
FACTS: concepts and technology of flexible AC
transmission System”, IEEE Press.
[2] SumitK Rathor (IEEE Member), Chintan Patel &Mithila
S Zodape “Simulation and Implementation of FC-TCR”
International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced
Engineering (IJIRAE) Volume 1 Issue 4 (May 2014)
[3] B. Vijay Kumar &K. Shankar Rao ,“Facts by SVC,
Flexible AC Transmission” International Journal &
magazine of engineering technology, Management and
Research Volume 4 Issue 3 (march 2017)
[4] Swapnil Sharma and Dikesh Patel “Modelling and
Simulation of FC-TCRFor Reactive Power Compensation
Using the Matlab/Simulink” Interna-tional Journal of
Advances in Engineering & Technology, Jan., 2015.
[5] Wikipedia:-Static var Compensator