This paper proposes a hybrid series capacitive compensation scheme using a thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) to damp power system oscillations. The scheme uses a single-phase TCSC in one transmission line phase along with fixed capacitors in the other two phases. This creates a phase imbalance that can dampen both power swings and sub-synchronous resonance oscillations. MATLAB simulations show the scheme effectively dampens generator load angle oscillations compared to a fixed compensation scheme following a fault. The hybrid scheme has potential for industrial application as it provides damping benefits while reducing costs versus a full three-phase TCSC installation.
In recent years, studies have been investigated the effectiveness of UPFC and TCSC in increasing power transfer capability. However, the effectiveness of these FACTS devices in increasing power transfer capability when the load is non-linear has not been established in a comparative study yet. This paper will explore the steady-state performance of the UPFC and TCSC as impedance compensation models. The effectiveness of both FACTS devices are investigated when they are installed in multi-machine systems with different non-linear load models. Simulation results demonstrate that, upon installing UPFC, more active and reactive powers are received at the sending end bus for different types of non-linear load models. In addition, both active and reactive powers are more sensitive in changing the modulation index of the converters. Furthermore, both the active and reactive powers are less sensitive to the non-linearity of the load model type. However, active and reactive powers in case of installing TCSC are only sensitive in changing the firing angle (α) when it is between 90º to 110º. Therefore, results from this study clearly encourage the effectiveness of UPFC in comparison to TSCS in terms of increasing power transfer capability applied to non-linear load models.
A NOVEL TCHNOLOGY FOR HARMONICS AND UNBALANCE COMPENSATION IN ELECTRIC TRACTI...ijiert bestjournal
Power quality problems in power systems have been i mproved due to nonlinear loads. To compensate these problems Direct Power Compensator was proposed in this paper. A Direct Power Compensator (DPC) is proposed in this paper to elim inate the harmonic currents,compensate power factor and voltage unbalance problems created by th e nonlinear loads present in three phase systems. A DPC contains back to back converter by sharing th e same dc link power and v/v transformer to provide a voltage balance in transmission line. Hys teresis harmonic current regulator is used to produce pulse for back to back converter. A control ler maintains the dc-link voltage and compensates the power factor,harmonic currents. A comparative analysis for traction system with and without DPC was performed using MATLAB Simulink . Simulation results show the controller advantages and the applicability of the proposed me thod in railway systems.
A REVIEW ON EVALUATION OF PV MODELS BASED ON AN INTEGRATION USING A NEW CONFI...ijiert bestjournal
The effect of linear imbalances and nonlinear loads on the voltage balance of the neutral-point- clamped converters is described in this paper. The Neutral-Point-Clamped inverters are used in the multilevel inverters for high power application s. In this paper a three level NPC inverter that couple accommodate with solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery storage in grid connected system. The three level space vector modulation technique (SVPWM) is proposed. The SVPWM correct the ac voltage under unbalance dc voltage condition .SV-PWM strategy makes it possible to control the neutral point voltage by optimum choice of switch sequence for any position and length of output voltage vector. The control scheme has capability to control the power delivery between the solar PV,battery,and grid,it simulta neously provides maximum power point tracking (MPPT) operation for the solar PV. The res ults of matlab modeling of the system detail the comparative operation of inverter topologies wh ich are the conventional two level inverters and multilevel inverter topology to reduce total ha rmonic distortions in grid voltage and electromagnetic interference. Three-level NPC volta ge source inverter that can integrate both renewable energy and battery storage on the dc side of the inverter has been presented. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is invest igated by the simulation of several scenarios,including battery charging and discharging with dif ferent levels of solar irradiation.
Optimal Placement of DG for Loss Reduction and Voltage Sag Mitigation in Radi...IDES Editor
This paper presents the need to operate the power
system economically and with optimum levels of voltages has
further led to an increase in interest in Distributed
Generation. In order to reduce the power losses and to improve
the voltage in the distribution system, distributed generators
(DGs) are connected to load bus. To reduce the total power
losses in the system, the most important process is to identify
the proper location for fixing and sizing of DGs. It presents a
new methodology using a new population based meta heuristic
approach namely Artificial Bee Colony algorithm(ABC) for
the placement of Distributed Generators(DG) in the radial
distribution systems to reduce the real power losses and to
improve the voltage profile, voltage sag mitigation. The power
loss reduction is important factor for utility companies because
it is directly proportional to the company benefits in a
competitive electricity market, while reaching the better power
quality standards is too important as it has vital effect on
customer orientation. In this paper an ABC algorithm is
developed to gain these goals all together. In order to evaluate
sag mitigation capability of the proposed algorithm, voltage
in voltage sensitive buses is investigated. An existing 20KV
network has been chosen as test network and results are
compared with the proposed method in the radial distribution
system.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
In recent years, studies have been investigated the effectiveness of UPFC and TCSC in increasing power transfer capability. However, the effectiveness of these FACTS devices in increasing power transfer capability when the load is non-linear has not been established in a comparative study yet. This paper will explore the steady-state performance of the UPFC and TCSC as impedance compensation models. The effectiveness of both FACTS devices are investigated when they are installed in multi-machine systems with different non-linear load models. Simulation results demonstrate that, upon installing UPFC, more active and reactive powers are received at the sending end bus for different types of non-linear load models. In addition, both active and reactive powers are more sensitive in changing the modulation index of the converters. Furthermore, both the active and reactive powers are less sensitive to the non-linearity of the load model type. However, active and reactive powers in case of installing TCSC are only sensitive in changing the firing angle (α) when it is between 90º to 110º. Therefore, results from this study clearly encourage the effectiveness of UPFC in comparison to TSCS in terms of increasing power transfer capability applied to non-linear load models.
A NOVEL TCHNOLOGY FOR HARMONICS AND UNBALANCE COMPENSATION IN ELECTRIC TRACTI...ijiert bestjournal
Power quality problems in power systems have been i mproved due to nonlinear loads. To compensate these problems Direct Power Compensator was proposed in this paper. A Direct Power Compensator (DPC) is proposed in this paper to elim inate the harmonic currents,compensate power factor and voltage unbalance problems created by th e nonlinear loads present in three phase systems. A DPC contains back to back converter by sharing th e same dc link power and v/v transformer to provide a voltage balance in transmission line. Hys teresis harmonic current regulator is used to produce pulse for back to back converter. A control ler maintains the dc-link voltage and compensates the power factor,harmonic currents. A comparative analysis for traction system with and without DPC was performed using MATLAB Simulink . Simulation results show the controller advantages and the applicability of the proposed me thod in railway systems.
A REVIEW ON EVALUATION OF PV MODELS BASED ON AN INTEGRATION USING A NEW CONFI...ijiert bestjournal
The effect of linear imbalances and nonlinear loads on the voltage balance of the neutral-point- clamped converters is described in this paper. The Neutral-Point-Clamped inverters are used in the multilevel inverters for high power application s. In this paper a three level NPC inverter that couple accommodate with solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery storage in grid connected system. The three level space vector modulation technique (SVPWM) is proposed. The SVPWM correct the ac voltage under unbalance dc voltage condition .SV-PWM strategy makes it possible to control the neutral point voltage by optimum choice of switch sequence for any position and length of output voltage vector. The control scheme has capability to control the power delivery between the solar PV,battery,and grid,it simulta neously provides maximum power point tracking (MPPT) operation for the solar PV. The res ults of matlab modeling of the system detail the comparative operation of inverter topologies wh ich are the conventional two level inverters and multilevel inverter topology to reduce total ha rmonic distortions in grid voltage and electromagnetic interference. Three-level NPC volta ge source inverter that can integrate both renewable energy and battery storage on the dc side of the inverter has been presented. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is invest igated by the simulation of several scenarios,including battery charging and discharging with dif ferent levels of solar irradiation.
Optimal Placement of DG for Loss Reduction and Voltage Sag Mitigation in Radi...IDES Editor
This paper presents the need to operate the power
system economically and with optimum levels of voltages has
further led to an increase in interest in Distributed
Generation. In order to reduce the power losses and to improve
the voltage in the distribution system, distributed generators
(DGs) are connected to load bus. To reduce the total power
losses in the system, the most important process is to identify
the proper location for fixing and sizing of DGs. It presents a
new methodology using a new population based meta heuristic
approach namely Artificial Bee Colony algorithm(ABC) for
the placement of Distributed Generators(DG) in the radial
distribution systems to reduce the real power losses and to
improve the voltage profile, voltage sag mitigation. The power
loss reduction is important factor for utility companies because
it is directly proportional to the company benefits in a
competitive electricity market, while reaching the better power
quality standards is too important as it has vital effect on
customer orientation. In this paper an ABC algorithm is
developed to gain these goals all together. In order to evaluate
sag mitigation capability of the proposed algorithm, voltage
in voltage sensitive buses is investigated. An existing 20KV
network has been chosen as test network and results are
compared with the proposed method in the radial distribution
system.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Locating Facts Devices in Optimized manner in Power System by Means of Sensit...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a new method to find the optimal location of facts devices by analyzing sensitivity . The optimal location and capability of Static Var Compensator (SVC) and Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) in transmission line is investigated for enchasing the power transfer capability and stability of the system. The method firstly put all the buses in the order by voltage reactive power sensitivity and then chooses the optimal location and appropriate capability of the facts devices. It is simple in computation and suitable for large scale interconnection power grid. The results obtained are satisfying and will be useful for enhancing the power system reliability
Design and Performance Analysis of Genetic based PID-PSS with SVC in a Multi-...IDES Editor
Damping of power system oscillations with the help
of proposed optimal Proportional Integral Derivative Power
System Stabilizer (PID-PSS) and Static Var Compensator
(SVC)-based controllers are thoroughly investigated in this
paper. This study presents robust tuning of PID-PSS and
SVC-based controllers using Genetic Algorithms (GA) in
multi machine power systems by considering detailed model
of the generators (model 1.1). The effectiveness of FACTSbased
controllers in general and SVC-based controller in
particular depends upon their proper location. Modal
controllability and observability are used to locate SVC–based
controller. The performance of the proposed controllers is
compared with conventional lead-lag power system stabilizer
(CPSS) and demonstrated on 10 machines, 39 bus New England
test system. Simulation studies show that the proposed genetic
based PID-PSS with SVC based controller provides better
performance.
Artificial Intelligence Technique based Reactive Power Planning Incorporating...IDES Editor
Reactive Power Planning is a major concern in the
operation and control of power systems This paper compares
the effectiveness of Evolutionary Programming (EP) and
New Improved Differential Evolution (NIMDE) to solve
Reactive Power Planning (RPP) problem incorporating
FACTS Controllers like Static VAR Compensator (SVC),
Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) and Unified
power flow controller (UPFC) considering voltage stability.
With help of Fast Voltage Stability Index (FVSI), the critical
lines and buses are identified to install the FACTS controllers.
The optimal settings of the control variables of the generator
voltages,transformer tap settings and allocation and parameter
settings of the SVC,TCSC,UPFC are considered for reactive
power planning. The test and Validation of the proposed
algorithm are conducted on IEEE 30–bus system and 72-bus
Indian system.Simulation results shows that the UPFC gives
better results than SVC and TCSC and the FACTS controllers
reduce the system losses.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Enhancement of Power System Dynamics Using a Novel Series Compensation SchemeIJMER
Phase imbalanced capacitive compensation is a “hybrid” series compensation scheme, where the
series capacitive compensation in one phase is created using a single-phase TCSC in series with a fixed capacitor
(Cc), and the other two phases are compensated by fixed series capacitors (C). The TCSC control is initially set
such that its equivalent compensations at the power frequency combined with the fixed capacitor yield a
resultant compensation equal to the other two phases. Thus, the phase balance is maintained at the power
frequency while at any other frequency, a phase imbalance is created. The effectiveness of the scheme in damping
power system oscillations for various network conditions, namely different system faults and tie-line power flows is
evaluated using the MATLAB/SIMULINK Software
Power Factor Improvement in Distribution System using DSTATCOM Based on Unit ...RSIS International
Power factor plays important role in the function of
the power system network. Hence, the power factor
improvement will increase the performance of power system
equipments. This paper presents the design and implementation
of distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) with the stardelta
transformer for improvement of the power factor in threephase
four wire distribution system in the presence of threephase
linear load in the events of single phase, two-phase and
three phase trippings. The unit vector template method based
control algorithm has been implemented for the control of the
proposed DSTATCOM. The proposed test model has been
simulated in SIMULINK/MATLAB environment. The
simulations results show the effectiveness of proposed algorithm
1 ijaems oct-2015-3-design and development of novel matrix converter performanceINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Matrix converter is a direct AC-AC converter topology that directly converts energy from an AC source to an AC load without the need of a bulky and limited lifetime energy storage element. Due to the significant advantages offered by matrix converter, such as adjustable power factor, capability of regeneration and high quality sinusoidal input/output waveforms. Matrix converter has been one of the AC–AC topologies that hasreceived extensive research attention for being an alternative to replace traditional AC-DC-AC converters in the variable voltage and variable frequency AC drive applications. In the present paper an indirect space vector modulated matrix converter is proposed. The basic idea of an indirect modulation scheme is to separately apply SVM to the rectification and inversion stages, before combining their switching states to produce the final gating signals. The paper encompasses development of a laboratory prototype of 230V, 250VA three phase to three phase DSP controlled matrix converter fed induction motor drive. The observations and real time testings have been carried out to evaluate and improve the stability of system under various typical abnormal input voltage conditions
Engineering Research Publication
Best International Journals, High Impact Journals,
International Journal of Engineering & Technical Research
ISSN : 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P)
www.erpublication.org
The transmission of electric power has to take place in the most efficient way in addition to providing flexibility in the process. Flexible A.C. Transmission System (FACTS) promotes the use of static controllers to enhance the controllability and increase the power transfer capability. Providing reactive shunt compensation with shunt-connected capacitors and reactors is a well-established technique to get a better voltage profile in a power system. Shunt Capacitors are inexpensive but lack dynamic capabilities, thus some form of dynamically controlled reactive power compensation becomes essential. In this paper, three phase Distribution Static Var Compensator (D-SVC) has been developed and studied under different conditions. Open loop mode and closed loop mode of operation of D-SVC is simulated and studied. The work presented here is very much useful for distribution system, for effective reactive power management and better Voltage control.
Reparation of Inductive Power in Power System by the use of FACTS devicesIJMTST Journal
This paper presents a shunt type FACTS device connected across the load to improve the power flow and
to maintain the reactive power in real data transmission line power system using MiPower software. The
main objective of this work is to maintain the voltage stability of steady-state bus voltages and reactive
power flows in transmission system with and without FACTS controller. FACTS devices are capable of
controlling the active and reactive power flows in a transmission line by controlling its series and shunt
parameters. This paper presents a steady state model of Static VAR Compensator (SVC) controller in the
power system for stability enhancement. Benefits of FACTS controllers to power system are also discussed.
In this work real data system has been considered for load flow analysis and also to incorporate the SVC
controller in the system
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Locating Facts Devices in Optimized manner in Power System by Means of Sensit...IJERA Editor
This paper presents a new method to find the optimal location of facts devices by analyzing sensitivity . The optimal location and capability of Static Var Compensator (SVC) and Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) in transmission line is investigated for enchasing the power transfer capability and stability of the system. The method firstly put all the buses in the order by voltage reactive power sensitivity and then chooses the optimal location and appropriate capability of the facts devices. It is simple in computation and suitable for large scale interconnection power grid. The results obtained are satisfying and will be useful for enhancing the power system reliability
Design and Performance Analysis of Genetic based PID-PSS with SVC in a Multi-...IDES Editor
Damping of power system oscillations with the help
of proposed optimal Proportional Integral Derivative Power
System Stabilizer (PID-PSS) and Static Var Compensator
(SVC)-based controllers are thoroughly investigated in this
paper. This study presents robust tuning of PID-PSS and
SVC-based controllers using Genetic Algorithms (GA) in
multi machine power systems by considering detailed model
of the generators (model 1.1). The effectiveness of FACTSbased
controllers in general and SVC-based controller in
particular depends upon their proper location. Modal
controllability and observability are used to locate SVC–based
controller. The performance of the proposed controllers is
compared with conventional lead-lag power system stabilizer
(CPSS) and demonstrated on 10 machines, 39 bus New England
test system. Simulation studies show that the proposed genetic
based PID-PSS with SVC based controller provides better
performance.
Artificial Intelligence Technique based Reactive Power Planning Incorporating...IDES Editor
Reactive Power Planning is a major concern in the
operation and control of power systems This paper compares
the effectiveness of Evolutionary Programming (EP) and
New Improved Differential Evolution (NIMDE) to solve
Reactive Power Planning (RPP) problem incorporating
FACTS Controllers like Static VAR Compensator (SVC),
Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) and Unified
power flow controller (UPFC) considering voltage stability.
With help of Fast Voltage Stability Index (FVSI), the critical
lines and buses are identified to install the FACTS controllers.
The optimal settings of the control variables of the generator
voltages,transformer tap settings and allocation and parameter
settings of the SVC,TCSC,UPFC are considered for reactive
power planning. The test and Validation of the proposed
algorithm are conducted on IEEE 30–bus system and 72-bus
Indian system.Simulation results shows that the UPFC gives
better results than SVC and TCSC and the FACTS controllers
reduce the system losses.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Enhancement of Power System Dynamics Using a Novel Series Compensation SchemeIJMER
Phase imbalanced capacitive compensation is a “hybrid” series compensation scheme, where the
series capacitive compensation in one phase is created using a single-phase TCSC in series with a fixed capacitor
(Cc), and the other two phases are compensated by fixed series capacitors (C). The TCSC control is initially set
such that its equivalent compensations at the power frequency combined with the fixed capacitor yield a
resultant compensation equal to the other two phases. Thus, the phase balance is maintained at the power
frequency while at any other frequency, a phase imbalance is created. The effectiveness of the scheme in damping
power system oscillations for various network conditions, namely different system faults and tie-line power flows is
evaluated using the MATLAB/SIMULINK Software
Power Factor Improvement in Distribution System using DSTATCOM Based on Unit ...RSIS International
Power factor plays important role in the function of
the power system network. Hence, the power factor
improvement will increase the performance of power system
equipments. This paper presents the design and implementation
of distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) with the stardelta
transformer for improvement of the power factor in threephase
four wire distribution system in the presence of threephase
linear load in the events of single phase, two-phase and
three phase trippings. The unit vector template method based
control algorithm has been implemented for the control of the
proposed DSTATCOM. The proposed test model has been
simulated in SIMULINK/MATLAB environment. The
simulations results show the effectiveness of proposed algorithm
1 ijaems oct-2015-3-design and development of novel matrix converter performanceINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Matrix converter is a direct AC-AC converter topology that directly converts energy from an AC source to an AC load without the need of a bulky and limited lifetime energy storage element. Due to the significant advantages offered by matrix converter, such as adjustable power factor, capability of regeneration and high quality sinusoidal input/output waveforms. Matrix converter has been one of the AC–AC topologies that hasreceived extensive research attention for being an alternative to replace traditional AC-DC-AC converters in the variable voltage and variable frequency AC drive applications. In the present paper an indirect space vector modulated matrix converter is proposed. The basic idea of an indirect modulation scheme is to separately apply SVM to the rectification and inversion stages, before combining their switching states to produce the final gating signals. The paper encompasses development of a laboratory prototype of 230V, 250VA three phase to three phase DSP controlled matrix converter fed induction motor drive. The observations and real time testings have been carried out to evaluate and improve the stability of system under various typical abnormal input voltage conditions
Engineering Research Publication
Best International Journals, High Impact Journals,
International Journal of Engineering & Technical Research
ISSN : 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P)
www.erpublication.org
The transmission of electric power has to take place in the most efficient way in addition to providing flexibility in the process. Flexible A.C. Transmission System (FACTS) promotes the use of static controllers to enhance the controllability and increase the power transfer capability. Providing reactive shunt compensation with shunt-connected capacitors and reactors is a well-established technique to get a better voltage profile in a power system. Shunt Capacitors are inexpensive but lack dynamic capabilities, thus some form of dynamically controlled reactive power compensation becomes essential. In this paper, three phase Distribution Static Var Compensator (D-SVC) has been developed and studied under different conditions. Open loop mode and closed loop mode of operation of D-SVC is simulated and studied. The work presented here is very much useful for distribution system, for effective reactive power management and better Voltage control.
Reparation of Inductive Power in Power System by the use of FACTS devicesIJMTST Journal
This paper presents a shunt type FACTS device connected across the load to improve the power flow and
to maintain the reactive power in real data transmission line power system using MiPower software. The
main objective of this work is to maintain the voltage stability of steady-state bus voltages and reactive
power flows in transmission system with and without FACTS controller. FACTS devices are capable of
controlling the active and reactive power flows in a transmission line by controlling its series and shunt
parameters. This paper presents a steady state model of Static VAR Compensator (SVC) controller in the
power system for stability enhancement. Benefits of FACTS controllers to power system are also discussed.
In this work real data system has been considered for load flow analysis and also to incorporate the SVC
controller in the system
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A correria diária, os compromissos inadiáveis, as obrigações em casa e no trabalho, tudo isso não permite que paremos para pensar em nossas necessidades mais básicas, como um simples olhar carinhoso ou um abraço gostoso sem nenhum motivo. Em Vida, Amor e Riso estão reunidos as mais importantes reflexões sobre a vida, o amor e o riso. São citações para repensar o rumo de sua vida pessoal e profissional e observar os sinais de seu corpo e mente. O autor aborda o sentido do amor e o medo de perdê-lo, a incerteza da morte e até a falsa segurança que o dinheiro nos traz. Discute também, a importância da meditação para uma vida equilibrada e feliz.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Abstract:-This paper deals with open loop study of fixed capacitor thyristor controlled reactor (FC-TCR) system simulation using Matlab/Simulink for various loading. The modelling of the FC-TCR is verified using the Matlab/Simulink. First power flow results are obtained and power profile have been studied for an uncompensated then results are compared with the results obtained after compensating using the FC-TCR.Its observed that current drawn by FC-TCR is varied by changing firing angle. In compensation without FC-TCR, load increases and power factor become less and in compensation with FC-TCR, load increases and power factor become near to the unity.Hence by providing compensation Voltage, power profile of system will be improved and system losses are reduced.
The Impact of Line Resistance on the Performance of Controllable Series Compe...Editor Jacotech
In recent years controllable FACTS devices are increasingly
integrated into the transmission system. FACTS devices that
provide series control such as Controllable Series Compensator
(CSC) has significant effect on the voltage stability of Electric
Power system. In this work impact of line resistance on the
performance of CSC in a single-load infinitive-bus (SLIB)
model is investigated. The proposed framework is applied to
SLIB model and obtained results demonstrates that line
resistance has considerable effect on voltage stability limits and
performance of CSC.
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A grid of transmission lines operating at high or extra high voltages is required to transmit power from
generating stations to load. In addition to transmission lines that carry power from source to load, modern power
systems are highly interconnected for economic reasons. The large interconnected transmission networks are
prone to faults due to the lightning discharges and reduce insulation strength. Changing of loads and atmosphere
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Au4101266270
1. M. Mallesham et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 1( Version 1), January 2014, pp.266-270
RESEARCH ARTICLE
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OPEN ACCESS
Hybrid Series Capacitive Compensation Scheme In Damping
Power System Oscillations Using Tcsc
M. Mallesham1, Dr.S.Vathsal2
1
2
M. Tech Student, J. B Institute of Engineering & Technology (Autonomous), Hyderabad, India.
HOD (EEE) &Dean (R&D) in JB Institute of Engineering and Technology (Autonomous), Hyderabad, India.
Abstract
This paper demonstrates the phase imbalanced series capacitive compensation concept to enhance power system
dynamics as it has the potential of damping power swing as well as sub synchronous resonance oscillations. A
scheme for a phase imbalanced capacitive compensation is shown. It is a “hybrid” series compensation scheme,
where the series capacitive compensation in one phase is created using a single-phase TCSC in series with a
fixed capacitor (Cc), and the other two phases are compensated by fixed series capacitors (C).
Key words: FACTS controllers, phase imbalance, series compensation, thyristor controlled series capacitor
(TCSC).
I.
INTRODUCTION
Flexible
AC
Transmission
Systems
(FACTS) technology provides unprecedented way for
controlling transmission grids and increasing
transmission capacity [1]. FACTS Controllers
provide the flexibility of controlling both real and
reactive power which could result in an excellent
capability for improving power system dynamics . A
problem of interest in the power industry at which
FACTS Controllers could play a significant role in it
is increasing damping of low frequency power
oscillations that often arise between areas in large
interconnected power networks. These oscillations
are termed inter-area oscillations, which are normally
characterized by poor damping [2]. Inter-area
oscillations can severely restrict system operations by
requiring the curtailment of electric power transfers
level as an operational measure. These oscillations
can also lead to widespread system disturbances, e.g.
cascading outages of transmission lines and,
therefore, system wide voltage collapse.
Several studies have investigated the
potential of using FACTS Controllers’ capability in
damping inter-area oscillations. The use of Thyristor
Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) and Static
Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) has been
the subjects of several studies evaluating their
respective effectiveness in enhancing power system
dynamics [3].
Series capacitive compensation is the
potential risk of sub synchronous resonance (SSR),
where electrical energy is exchanged with a generator
shaft system in a growing manner which may result
in damage of the turbine-generator shaft system
.Therefore, mitigating SSR has been and continues to
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be a subject of research and development aiming to
develop effective SSR counter measures.
The recently proposed phase imbalanced
series capacitive compensation concept has been
shown to be effective in enhancing power system
dynamics as it has the potential of damping power
swing as well as sub synchronous resonance
oscillations [4]. Fig. 1 shows a scheme for a phase
imbalanced capacitive compensation. It is a “hybrid”
series compensation scheme, where the series
capacitive compensation in one phase is created using
a single-phase TCSC in series with a fixed capacitor
(Cc), and the other two phases are compensated by
fixed series capacitors (C). The TCSC control is
initially set such that its equivalent compensations at
the power frequency combined with the fixed
capacitor yield a resultant compensation equal to the
other two phases. Thus, the phase balance is
maintained at the power frequency while at any other
frequency, a phase imbalance is created. To further
enhance power oscillations damping, the TCSC is
equipped with a supplementary controller.
Fig.1 A schematic diagram of the hybrid series
compensation scheme.
The phase imbalance of the proposed
scheme can be explained mathematically as follows:
1) At the power frequency, the series reactances
between buses X and Y, in Fig.1, in phases a, b, and c
are given by:
266 | P a g e
2. M. Mallesham et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 1( Version 1), January 2014, pp.266-270
Where − jXTCSCo is the effective capacitive
reactance of the TCSC at the power frequency such
that Xa = Xb = Xc.
2) During any other frequency, fe
The first two terms in (2) and (3) are
different because of the difference in frequency.The
third term in (3) represents the change in the effective
capacitive reactance of the TCSC due to the action of
the TCSC supplementary controller.
This scheme would, definitely, be
economically attractive when compared with a full
three-phase TCSC which has been used/proposed for
power oscillations damping. Furthermore, reducing
the number of thyristor valves to one third will also
have a positive impact on system reliability
The effectiveness of the scheme in damping
power system oscillations for various network
conditions, namely different system faults and tie-line
power flows is evaluated using the MATLAB
simulation program and compare these results with
fixed capacitive compensation scheme.
II.
STUDY BENCHMARK
To demonstrate the effectiveness of the
proposed scheme in power system oscillations
damping, the system shown in Fig. 2 is adopted as a
test benchmark. It consists of three large generating
stations (G1, G2 and G3) supplying two load centers
(S1 and S2) through five 500 kV transmission lines.
The two double-circuit transmission lines L1 and L2
are series compensated with fixed capacitor banks
located at the middle of the lines. The compensation
degree of L1 and L2 is 50%. The compensation
degree is defined as the ratio (XC/XL)*100% for fixed
capacitor
compensated
phases
and
(XCc+XTCSC)/XL*
100%
for
the
hybrid
compensated phase. The total installed capacity and
peak load of the system are 4500 MVA and 3833
MVA respectively. Shunt capacitors are installed at
buses 4 and 5 to maintain their voltages within
1±0.05 p.u. In this paper, S1 = 1400 + j200 MVA and
S2 = 2400 + j300 MVA . The MATLAB is used as
the simulation study tool.
III.
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Phase Locked Loop (PLL) is used to extract phase
information of the fundamental frequency line
current, which will be used to synchronize TCSC
operation. The thyristor gating control is based on the
Synchronous Voltage Reversal (SVR) technique[4][6]. The TCSC impedance is measured in terms of a
boost factor kB, which is the ratio of the apparent
reactance of the TCSC seen from the line to the
physical reactance of the TCSC capacitor bank. A
positive value of kB is considered for capacitive
operation. A low-pass filter based estimation
algorithm is used to estimate the voltage and the
current phasors. A boost measurement block
performs complex impedance calculations for the
boost factor of the TCSC as Kb = Imag{VˆC / IˆC }/
XCTCSC , where, VˆC and IˆC are the estimated phase
voltage and current and XCTCSC is the capacitive
reactance of the TCSC capacitor branch at the
fundamental frequency. A proportional-integral (PI)
control based boost level controller is implemented to
control the TCSC boost level to the desired value by
adjusting the instant of the expected capacitor voltage
zero crossing. The integral part of the controller helps
in removing the steady state errors. The controller
parameters were determined by performing repeated
time domain simulations for the different operating
conditions. This algorithm uses the difference
between the actual boost level and the reference
boost level (err) shown in Fig. 3 as an objective
function. The algorithm starts with arbitrary initial
values for the control parameters and calculates the
values of the objective function each time. The
control parameters are incremented for the next
iteration and the procedure is repeated until the
objective function approaches a minimum value
(below a threshold value). The procedure described
above is widely used by industry for tuning of
controller parameters.
MODELING OF THE SINGLEPHASE TCSC
The single-phase TCSC is modeled in the
MATLAB as a single module using an ideal thyristor
pair and an RC snubber circuit as shown in Fig. 3. A
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Fig. 2 Test benchmark
267 | P a g e
3. M. Mallesham et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 1( Version 1), January 2014, pp.266-270
IV.
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MATLAB/SIMULINK MODELING
OF TEST STUDY.
Fig. 3 Block diagram of a TCSC controller
In Fig. 3, D(t) is a supplemental signal
generated from an m-stage lead-lag compensation
based controller. As the real power flow in the
transmission line is proportional to the inverse of the
total line reactance, the power swing damping can be
achieved by properly modulating the apparent TCSC
reactance through this controller.
The
supplemental
controller
input
(stabilizing) signals could be local (e.g. real power
flows) or remote (e.g. load angles or speed deviations
of remote generators). If a wide-area network of
Synchronized Phasor Measurement (SPM) units is
available, then the remote signals can be downloaded
at the controller in real time without delay. Local
signals are generally preferred over remote signals as
they are more reliable since they do not depend on
communications.
In Fig. 3, kBref is the TCSC boost level set point.
The Synchronous Voltage Reversal block solves for
angle γ from the non-linear relation, uCZ = XoiLM[λγ −
tan(λγ )], where uCZ is the estimated capacitor voltage
at the desired instant when the capacitor voltage zero
crossing occurs, iLM is the measured value of the line
current iL, X0 is the TCSC capacitor reactance at the
TCSC resonance frequency, λ is the ratio between the
TCSC resonance frequency and the system
fundamental frequency and γ is the angle difference
between the firing time and the voltage zero-crossing.
The value of γ is used to calculate the exact firing
instants of the individual thyristors.
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Fig. 4 Simulation diagram of Fixed Compensatin.
Fig. 5 Simulation diagram of the hybrid TCSC
compensation scheme.
Comparing the responses of the fixed series
capacitor compensation to the hybrid TCSC
compensation scheme in Fig. 8, the positive
contribution of the proposed hybrid scheme to the
damping of the system oscillations is very clear. As it
can be seen from Fig.8, the power swing damping
controller effectively damps the system oscillations.
It can also be seen from Fig. 9 that the best damping
of the relative load angle responses are achieved with
the 31-21 combination. The second best damped
responses are obtained with the 31-21 combination.
These results should be expected due to the direct
relationship between the relative load angles and the
generators that yield the problem. It can also be seen
from Fig. 9 that the worst damped responses are
268 | P a g e
4. M. Mallesham et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 1( Version 1), January 2014, pp.266-270
www.ijera.com
obtained with PL1- 21 combination which results
also in the increase of the first swings.
(a)
(a)
(b)
Fig. 6 Simulation results for Generator load angles,
measured with respect to generator 1 load angle,
during and after clearing a three-phase fault at bus 4
with fixed compensation. (a).Load angle d21.
(b).Load angle d31.
(b)
Fig.8 Comparing the Simulation results of Generator
load angles, measured with respect to generator 1
load angle, during and after clearing a three-phase
fault at bus 4.With fixed compensation and Hybrid
TCSC compensation. (a).Load angle d21.
(b).Load angle d31.
(a)
(a)
(b)
Fig.7 Simulation results for Generator load angles,
measured with respect to generator 1 load angle,
during and after clearing a three-phase fault at bus 4
With Hybrid
TCSC compensation. (a).Load angle d21. (b).Load
angle d31.
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(b)
Fig.9 Simulation results for Generator load angles,
measured with respect to generator 1 load angle,
during and after clearing a three-phase fault at bus 4.
(a).Load angled21.(b).Load angle d31.
269 | P a g e
5. M. Mallesham et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 1( Version 1), January 2014, pp.266-270
[5]
[6]
Fig.10 Phase voltages, VX-Y across the hybrid
single-phase-TCSC scheme on L1 during and after
clearing a three-phase fault at bus 4
V.
CONCLUCTION
In this paper the application of a new hybrid
series capacitive compensation scheme in damping
power system oscillations has been elaborated. The
effectiveness of the presented scheme in damping
these oscillations is demonstrated through several
digital computer simulations of case studies on a test
benchmark. The presented hybrid series capacitive
compensation scheme is feasible, technically sound,
and has an industrial application potential.
Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)
technology provides unprecedented way for
controlling transmission grids and increasing
transmission capacity FACTS Controllers provide the
flexibility of controlling both real and reactive power
which could damping oscillations. This presented
hybrid series capacitive compensations scheme can
be improved by choosing proper compensation
scheme for TCSC that can reduce time to minimize
the fault and control the real and reactive power.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
Narain G. Hingorani and Laszlo Gyugyi,
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Technology of Flexible AC Transmission
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M. Klein, G.J. Rogers and P. Kundur, “A
Fundamental
Study
of
Inter-Area
Oscillations in Power Systems,” IEEE
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E.V. Larsen, J.J. Sanchez-Gasca and J.H.
Chow, “Concepts for Designof FACTS
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B. Chaudhuri, B. Pal, A. C. Zolotas, I. M.
Jaimoukha, and T. C. Green,“Mixedsensitivity Approach to H Control of Power
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FACTS Devices,” IEEE Transactions on
Power System, Vol. 18, No. 3, August 2003,
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B. Chaudhuri and B. Pal, “Robust Damping
of Multiple Swing Modes Employing Global
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AUTHOR
Mr.M.Mallesham Received B.Tech
degree from JNTUH, INDIA and
presently he is pursuing M.Tech in
ELECTRICAL POWR SYSTEMS from
JBIET (Autonomous), His areas of
Interests are Power Systems Dynamics, FACTS,
Power Systems Reliability, Electrical Machines.
Dr.S.Vathsal obtained B.Tech in
Electrical and Electronics in 1968 from
Thiagarajar college of Engineering,
Madurai, Madras University. He got
M.E in Electrical and Electronics
engineering from BITS Pilani in the
year 1970. He obtained Ph.D. degree from IISC,
Bangalore. He has worked with Dr. APJ Abdul
Kalam in Project SLV of Vikram sarabhai space
centre for four years in mission analysis group. He
did post doctoral Research in DFVLR in Germany
for two years under Alexander Von Humboldt
foundation fellowship and in NASA Goddard
spaceflight centre, USA under NRC NASA research
fellowship for another two years in the fields of
Estimation theory and Application to Hybird aircraft
navigation and Spacecraft attitude determination
uning Kalman and nonlinear Filtering techniques. he
worked in DRDL, Hyderabad as Scientist E, F & G.
He was involved in Missile system design and
simulation, Head of non destructive Evaluation
division, and officer in charge Joint advanced
Technology Program, Indian Institute of science.
Currently he is HOD (EEE) & Dean (R&D) in
JBIET, Hyderabad, India.
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