The document discusses multi-terminal DC (MTDC) systems. MTDC systems are used when there are multiple terminals in an HVDC transmission system. There are two main types of MTDC configurations: series and parallel. Series MTDC connects terminals in series, while parallel MTDC allows terminals to adjust currents independently and keep voltages constant. Radial and mesh are examples of parallel MTDC network topologies. MTDC systems provide benefits over multiple two-terminal HVDC links such as reduced costs and losses as well as increased transmission capacity and flexibility.
HVDC (high-voltage direct current) is a highly efficient alternative for transmitting large amounts of electricity over long distances and for special purpose applications.
We had made a working model on static VAR compensator which is made by power electronic switch and mechanically switched. We had chosen mechanically switched capacitor method to improved receiving end voltage as well as power factor.
Introduction to reactive power control in electrical powerDr.Raja R
Introduction to reactive power control in electrical power
Reactive power in transmission line :
Reactive power control
Reactive power and its importance
Apparent Power
Reactive Power
Apparent Power
Reactive Power Formula
HVDC (high-voltage direct current) is a highly efficient alternative for transmitting large amounts of electricity over long distances and for special purpose applications.
We had made a working model on static VAR compensator which is made by power electronic switch and mechanically switched. We had chosen mechanically switched capacitor method to improved receiving end voltage as well as power factor.
Introduction to reactive power control in electrical powerDr.Raja R
Introduction to reactive power control in electrical power
Reactive power in transmission line :
Reactive power control
Reactive power and its importance
Apparent Power
Reactive Power
Apparent Power
Reactive Power Formula
DG FED MULTILEVEL INVERTER BASED D-STATCOM FOR VARIOUS LOADING CONDITIONSIJCI JOURNAL
During the past few decades, power industries have proved that the adverse impacts on the PQ can be
mitigated or avoided by conventional means, and that technique using fast controlled force commutated
power electronics (PE) are even more effective. PQ compensators can be categorized into two main types.
One is shunt connected compensation device that effectively eliminates harmonics. The other is the series
connected device, which has an edge over the shunt type for correcting the distorted system side voltages
and voltage sags caused by power transmission system faults. The STATCOM used in distribution systems
is called DSTACOM (Distribution-STACOM) and its configuration is the same, but with small
modifications. Recent advances in the power-handling capabilities of static switch devices such as 3.3kV,
4.5kV, and 6.5kV Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) with voltage rating commercially available,
have made the use of the voltage source inverters (VSI) feasible for high-power applications. High power
and high-voltage conversion systems have become very important issues for the power electronic industry
handling the large ac drive and electrical power applications at both the transmission and distribution
levels. For these reasons, new families of multilevel inverters have emerged as the solution for working
with higher voltage levels. Multilevel inverters (MLI) include an array of power semiconductors and
capacitor voltage sources, the output of which generate voltages with stepped waveforms. These converter
topologies can generate high-quality voltage waveforms with power semiconductor switches operating at a
frequency near the fundamental. It significantly reduces the harmonics problem with reduced voltage stress
across the switch. This research work is mainly focusing on application of multilevel DSTATCOM for
power quality improvement in distribution system with integration of RES. Matlab/Simulink based model is
developed and simulation results are presented.
Fuzzy Logic Controller Based on Voltage Source Converter-HVDC with MMC TopologyIJMTST Journal
This paper presents Modular Multi Level Converters (MMC) are used for high voltage high power DC to AC conversion. The MMCs with increased number of levels offer close to sine wave operation with reduced THD on the AC side. This is a new type of voltage source converter (VSC) topology. The use of this converter in a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) system is called by a MMC-HVDC system. The MMC-HVDC has the advantage in terms of scalability, performance, and efficiency over two-and three-level VSC-HVDC. The proposed HVDC system offers the operational flexibility of VSC based systems in terms of active and reactive power control, in addition to improved ac fault ride-through capability and the unique feature of current-limiting capability during dc side faults. The proposed VSC-HVDC system, in this project assesses its dynamic performance during steady-state and network alternations, including its response to AC and DC side faults. In this project using a fuzzy controller and the proposed topology is implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and the simulation results are observed.
This vpresentation contains the introduction of MTDC transmission System, major additions of MTDC system as compare to two terminal HVDC system, Potential applications of MTDC system, types of MTDC System - Series and Parallel: Radial & Mesh.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
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HVDC and FACTS for Improved Power Delivery Through Long Transmission LinesRajaram Meena
HVDC and FACTS for Improved Power Delivery Through Long Transmission Lines in using PSAT in GUI/matlab in that slide uses a basic deeply small instrument using power transmission lines..it's main purpose to improve knowledge skills of students..
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
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Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
1. HIGH VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT TRANSMISSION
“MULTI TERMINAL DC SYSTEMS”
V.KALAIRAJAN M.E;
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
ELECTRICALAND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING AND TECHNOLOGY,TRICHY
KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TRICHY MULTI TERMINAL DC SYSTEMS 1
2. “MULTI TERMINAL DC SYSTEMS”
VIEWS :
MULTI TERMINAL DC SYSTEMS.
APPLICATIONS OF MTDC.
TYPES OF MTDC.
SERIES MTDC.
PARALLEL MTDC.
RADIAL AND MESH.
CONCLUSION.
REFERENCES.
KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TRICHY MULTI TERMINAL DC SYSTEMS 2
3. “MULTI TERMINAL DC SYSTEMS”
MULTI TERMINAL DC SYSTEMS:
Hvdc systems designed as point to point with terminals.
MTDC used when multi terminals present in the system.
Terminals – Rec and Inv.
Tapping –simple way to build MTDC from existing two terminal
system.
Complexity, production and controls are increased in MTDC.
KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TRICHY MULTI TERMINAL DC SYSTEMS 3
4. “MULTI TERMINAL DC SYSTEMS”
APPLICATIONS OF MTDC:
Tapping power.
APPLICATION 1:
Bulk power transmission from remote gen stations to different
load centres.
No need of AC Collectors. Gen unit directly connected to Rec
Station.
In load side also no need of additional lines.
Consider two converter and two inverter system by MTDC Type.
For the same flexibility power exchange get by three two terminal
system .
increases additional DC links to connecting the receiving systems.
So lines, increased losses and cost compare than MTDC.
Elimination of AC collector give good efficiency .
KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TRICHY MULTI TERMINAL DC SYSTEMS 4
5. “MULTI TERMINAL DC SYSTEMS”
APPLICATION 2:
For more than two systems,
• In Asynchronous interconnection between power systems MTDC
is best than several two terminal DC links.
APPLICATION3:
• Power inject by one line is create over load in Ac output side. So
MTDC is better to reduce the overloaded systems.
KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TRICHY MULTI TERMINAL DC SYSTEMS 5
6. “MULTI TERMINAL DC SYSTEMS”
KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TRICHY MULTI TERMINAL DC SYSTEMS 6
7. “MULTI TERMINAL DC SYSTEMS”
TYPES OF MTDC:
Series system
Parallel system
Radial type
Mesh type
SERIES MTDC:
Natural extension of two terminal systems which is a series connected system
Three Terminal MTDC System:
In this series connected three terminal system act as monopolar system.
Ground is only at one point.
Insulation cost is high.
Current is same all station which is set by one station.
KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TRICHY MULTI TERMINAL DC SYSTEMS 7
8. “MULTI TERMINAL DC SYSTEMS”
SERIES MTDC:
Fault clearance, power reversal, are same as two terminal systems.
High speed power reversal.
Voltage rating of valves related to power.
Cheaper (insulation cost is high).
Line and valve losses are high.
Insulation coordination problems.
Permanent fault in line of one station means it affects other
stations also.
KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TRICHY MULTI TERMINAL DC SYSTEMS 8
9. “MULTI TERMINAL DC SYSTEMS”
PARALLEL MTDC:
Current of all converter station can adjust for power requirement.
Voltage is constant.
RADIAL AND MESH:
Disconnection of one segment affects other stations power transfer
(Radial).
Power reversal is not possible without mechanical switching.
Current rating of valves related to power.
Adding parallel converters in stations for development of power
requirement.
Less losses.
Just remove the faulted converter segment. So it not affect others
directly.
KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TRICHY MULTI TERMINAL DC SYSTEMS 9
10. “MULTI TERMINAL DC SYSTEMS”
RADIAL TYPE PARALLEL:
KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TRICHY MULTI TERMINAL DC SYSTEMS 10
11. “MULTI TERMINAL DC SYSTEMS”
MESH TYPE PARALLEL:
KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TRICHY MULTI TERMINAL DC SYSTEMS 11
12. “MULTI TERMINAL DC SYSTEMS”
CONCLUSION:
In this above presentation we can learn about basic concept of
multi terminal dc systems, applications of MTDC, types of
MTDC, series MTDC, parallel MTDC, radial and mesh.
REFERENCES:
Padiyar, K. R., “HVDC power transmission system”, New Age
International (P) Ltd., New Delhi, Second Edition, 2010.
Edward Wilson Kimbark, “Direct Current Transmission”, Vol. I,
Wiley interscience, New York, London, Sydney, 1971.
Kundur P., “Power System Stability and Control”, McGraw-Hill,
1993.
Google and wikipedia.
12KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TRICHY MULTI TERMINAL DC SYSTEMS