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International Journal of Trend in
Volume 5 Issue 2, January-February
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD38401
Performance Analysis
Line (Varying
(PI and PID)
Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Al-Falah University, Dhauj,
ABSTRACT
In this paper, performance analysis of transmission line (11 KV) with
thyristor controlled series capacitor
enhancement under the application of PI and PID controllers is compared
after varying the capacitance of transmission line capacitor. Simulation
results of uncompensated and also for compensated transmission line of 11
KV are compared with PI and PID controllers working with the
transmission line system for improving the real power as well as reactive
power in the supportive MATLAB environment; self tuning is applied
through MATLAB-PID TUNER for both (PID and PI) controllers.
KEYWORDS: FACTS; PI; PID; Power System; Power Quality; Transmission lines
INTRODUCTION
Incorporation of power electronics in power system
provides flexibility to the AC transmission system with
enhancement in power, controllability with good
demonstration of transfer in power [10]. Reduction in
TCSC system’s cost, complexity and power loss i
the usage of thyristor providing natural commutation and
switching at low frequency [4]. The effectiveness of TCSC
device is checked by simulation before its real
implementation into any power system for ensuring the
economical operation desired for the smooth functioning
of the designed power system [1]. TCSC acts accordingly to
the contemporary loading condition of transmission line
with the introduction of desired reactance observing the
present state of load in series with the transmission line
sometimes line are heavily loaded then capacitive
reactance is provided by TCSC while under light load
condition inductive reactance is made to enter the
transmission system by TCSC device for the enhancement
in power transfer of the operational power sy
to-back thyristor along with reactor TCR highly
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
February 2021 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com
38401 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 2 | January-February
Performance Analysis and Comparison of Transmission
(Varying the Capacitor Value) w
nd PID) Controllers using TCSC
Sameer Khan, Dr. Aziz Ahmad
Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Al-Falah School of Engineering and Technology,
Falah University, Dhauj, Faridabad, Haryana, India
In this paper, performance analysis of transmission line (11 KV) with
providing stability and power
enhancement under the application of PI and PID controllers is compared
after varying the capacitance of transmission line capacitor. Simulation
results of uncompensated and also for compensated transmission line of 11
compared with PI and PID controllers working with the
transmission line system for improving the real power as well as reactive
MATLAB environment; self tuning is applied
for both (PID and PI) controllers.
FACTS; PI; PID; Power System; Power Quality; Transmission lines
How to cite this paper
Dr. Aziz Ahmad "Performance Analysis
and Comparison of
(Varying the Capacitor Value) with (PI
and PID) Controllers using TCSC"
Published in
International
Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research
and Development
(ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456
6470, Volume
Issue-2, February
2021, pp.267
www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38401.pdf
Copyright © 20
International Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research and Development
Journal. This is an Open Access article
distributed under
the terms of the
Creative Commons
Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Incorporation of power electronics in power system
provides flexibility to the AC transmission system with
enhancement in power, controllability with good
demonstration of transfer in power [10]. Reduction in
TCSC system’s cost, complexity and power loss is due to
the usage of thyristor providing natural commutation and
switching at low frequency [4]. The effectiveness of TCSC
device is checked by simulation before its real
implementation into any power system for ensuring the
or the smooth functioning
of the designed power system [1]. TCSC acts accordingly to
the contemporary loading condition of transmission line
with the introduction of desired reactance observing the
present state of load in series with the transmission line;
sometimes line are heavily loaded then capacitive
reactance is provided by TCSC while under light load
condition inductive reactance is made to enter the
transmission system by TCSC device for the enhancement
in power transfer of the operational power system; back-
back thyristor along with reactor TCR highly
responsible for the complete control of the total reactance
[7]. TCSC providing the range of solutions to the problems
like: scheduling of the fast power flow; limiting the short
circuit currents; regulating the continuous reactance;
mitigate the sub-synchronous resonance(SSR); damping
the power oscillation; enhancing the transient stability;
and TCSC along with PID controller is helpful in industrial
operational work [6]. In this paper, per
of transmission line (11 KV) model with TCSC
compensated model with the addition of PID controller
and PI controller addition to the said transmission system
model separately compared; firstly uncompensated
system performance is studied t
technique is applied to make the system compensated
then finally the performance of the 11 KV transmission
model is separately compared and studied with the
introduction of PID controller and PI controller
independently with varying c
controllers performances are compared with TCSC device
using MATLAB software.
Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470
February 2021 Page 267
of Transmission
with
sing TCSC
Falah School of Engineering and Technology,
How to cite this paper: Sameer Khan |
Dr. Aziz Ahmad "Performance Analysis
and Comparison of Transmission Line
(Varying the Capacitor Value) with (PI
and PID) Controllers using TCSC"
Published in
International
Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research
and Development
(ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
6470, Volume-5 |
2, February
2021, pp.267-272, URL:
www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38401.pdf
Copyright © 2021 by author(s) and
International Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research and Development
Journal. This is an Open Access article
distributed under
the terms of the
Creative Commons
Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
responsible for the complete control of the total reactance
[7]. TCSC providing the range of solutions to the problems
like: scheduling of the fast power flow; limiting the short
rents; regulating the continuous reactance;
synchronous resonance(SSR); damping
the power oscillation; enhancing the transient stability;
and TCSC along with PID controller is helpful in industrial
operational work [6]. In this paper, performance analysis
of transmission line (11 KV) model with TCSC
compensated model with the addition of PID controller
and PI controller addition to the said transmission system
model separately compared; firstly uncompensated
system performance is studied then TCSC compensation
technique is applied to make the system compensated
then finally the performance of the 11 KV transmission
model is separately compared and studied with the
introduction of PID controller and PI controller
independently with varying capacitance values and the
controllers performances are compared with TCSC device
IJTSRD38401
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD38401
LITERATURE REVIEW
A. TCSC addition into the transmission system
Fig.1.TCSC added in the transmission system (a)
Schematic diagram of TCSC (b) TCSC r
The simple introduction of TCSC into the transmission
system is shown in figure.1 (a). The capacitor series
connection with parallel reactor TCR makes a TCSC
compensated system in which firing angle of thyristor is
adjusted to control TCR [3]. TCR is found in non
conducting state at 180 while at 90 , it comes to full
conduction [3]. In this TCSC device, GTO (Gate turn
thyristor is not required [3]. The impedance of the TCSC
system due to LC circuit is given by equation (1)
X
α
α
Where, XL and XC are the variable inductive reactance and
fixed capacitive reactance respectively and the delay angle
is calculated [10].
X α X
π
π α α
,X X α ∞
X
ω π
X ω 	 2πfL
From [10], transmission line compensation (percentage) is
given by equation (5)
100
B. Operational parameters of TCSC
TCSC injects a variable reactance in the transmission
line as given by equation (6)
	!1 "	
#$
#$
%& % 	
'
+	
(#$
#$
COS
σ , -.
/σ
$
-.
σ
$
π
]
Where, the values of σ, K	and λ	are given by equations (7),
(8) and (9) respectively.
σ	is	equal	to	2 π " α
K	is	equal	to	
λ
ω
λ	is	equal	to	
√
< Represents the cyclic portion of thyristor which is in
operation state and being the function of X
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com
38401 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 2 | January-February
TCSC addition into the transmission system
Fig.1.TCSC added in the transmission system (a)
Schematic diagram of TCSC (b) TCSC reactance
The simple introduction of TCSC into the transmission
system is shown in figure.1 (a). The capacitor series
connection with parallel reactor TCR makes a TCSC
compensated system in which firing angle of thyristor is
TCR is found in non-
, it comes to full
conduction [3]. In this TCSC device, GTO (Gate turn-off)
thyristor is not required [3]. The impedance of the TCSC
system due to LC circuit is given by equation (1)
(1)
are the variable inductive reactance and
fixed capacitive reactance respectively and the delay angle
(2)
(3)
(4)
transmission line compensation (percentage) is
(5)
in the transmission
(6)
are given by equations (7),
(7)
(8)
(9)
Represents the cyclic portion of thyristor which is in
being the function of XTCSC, divide the
TCSC reactance into Inductive region, capacitive region
and in the region of resonance [2].
C. TCSC power controller model with PID
Fig.2.PID control diagram to transmission system
Figure.2 shows the PID control; In PID controller error
power signal is found by equation (10) to find firing angle
α t as PID output written by equation (11)
e 	P>?@ "	PAB.
α T KD	e t E K 	 F e t dt
-
H
Where, proportional, integral, and derivative gains are
written asKD, K 	and KI respectively [6].
D. TCSC power controller
Fig.3.PI control diagram to transmission system
Figure.3 shows the PI control of TCSC
system, it changes or controls the TCSC reactance within
as written by equation (12) with reference power as
and line power asPJ B [9].
X KK E
KL
S
M ) 	 P>?@	PJ B
MODELLING
A. TCSC DEVICE
Figure.1 shows the addition of TCSC device in
transmission system; the impedance provided by TCSC is
given by equation (13) equation (14) represents the
impedance of the reactor, equation (15) tells about the
impedance of capacity, equation (1
relationship between the impedances of capacity and
reactor and finally equation (18) describes reactance of
TCSC with firing angle from [5].
Z jX
Z > jX > j
π
π α & α
Z "jX
Z Z 	/Z >	=	
P P Q R
P 	&P Q R
=	j S
π
π α& α
X 	(α =	S
π
π α & α
www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
February 2021 Page 268
TCSC reactance into Inductive region, capacitive region
and in the region of resonance [2].
TCSC power controller model with PID controller
Fig.2.PID control diagram to transmission system
Figure.2 shows the PID control; In PID controller error
power signal is found by equation (10) to find firing angle
as PID output written by equation (11)
(10)
dt E	KI
IB -
I-
(11)
Where, proportional, integral, and derivative gains are
respectively [6].
model with PI controller
Fig.3.PI control diagram to transmission system
Figure.3 shows the PI control of TCSC-PI transmission
system, it changes or controls the TCSC reactance within
as written by equation (12) with reference power as 	P>?@
J B (12)
Figure.1 shows the addition of TCSC device in
transmission system; the impedance provided by TCSC is
given by equation (13) equation (14) represents the
impedance of the reactor, equation (15) tells about the
impedance of capacity, equation (16) and (17) state the
relationship between the impedances of capacity and
reactor and finally equation (18) describes reactance of
from [5].
(13)
(14)
(15)
Q R
(16)
(17)
(18)
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD38401
B. Power analysis (for P and Q) of transmission line
system
Fig.4. Mounting of TCSC device in transmission line
system
Figure.4 representing the implementation of TCSC in
transmission line, equation (19), (20), (21) and (22)
represent the value of real power (P12), reactive power
(Q12), line reactance (XLINE), and TCSC reactance (X
respectively.
P
TU T$
VU$ Q W
Q 	 =
T$
$
TU T$ Y δ
VU$ Q W
X B 	X 	E	X
X 	K X B
TCSC changes power flow of the system with changing its
capacitive reactance setting [8].
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF
CONTROLLED SERIES CAPACITOR (TCSC) DEVICE
A. Uncompensated (without TCSC) system model
Fig.5.Uncompensated system model
Figure.5 shows the uncompensated system with the
source [Phase (deg) = 0, Source Impedance of
(0.01+0.001) ] and Line Impedance of (5+0.023)
provided while load parameters are 25MW and 50 MVAR
for the system. Voltage and current (sending as well as
receiving) and power flows from simulation (using
MATLAB-SIMULINK) are presented in figure 6, figure 7,
and figure 8 respectively:
Fig.6.Sending (voltage and current) from supply of
uncompensated system
Fig.7.Receiving (voltage and current) at load of
uncompensated system
Fig.8.Power curves of uncompensated system model
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com
38401 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 2 | January-February
B. Power analysis (for P and Q) of transmission line
Fig.4. Mounting of TCSC device in transmission line
representing the implementation of TCSC in
transmission line, equation (19), (20), (21) and (22)
), reactive power
), and TCSC reactance (XTCSC)
(19)
(20)
(21)
(22)
TCSC changes power flow of the system with changing its
THYRISTOR
(TCSC) DEVICE
Uncompensated (without TCSC) system model
Fig.5.Uncompensated system model
Figure.5 shows the uncompensated system with the
source [Phase (deg) = 0, Source Impedance of
] and Line Impedance of (5+0.023)
provided while load parameters are 25MW and 50 MVAR
for the system. Voltage and current (sending as well as
receiving) and power flows from simulation (using
SIMULINK) are presented in figure 6, figure 7,
(voltage and current) from supply of
Fig.7.Receiving (voltage and current) at load of
Fig.8.Power curves of uncompensated system model
A. Compensated TCSC transmission line system
model
Fig.9.Compensated TCSC
The TCSC transmission (11 KV) system model used for
providing compensation is displayed in figure.9, system
stability is maintained by the fixed value of TCR (100 mH)
while the real and reactive power flows are carried out
with capacitance = 350Z[ in compensated TCSC system
models as well as TCSC (including PID and PI controller)
transmission line models also and simulation results for
compensated system model are shown as below:
Fig.10.Sending (voltage and current) from supply of
compensated TCSC system
Fig.11.Receiving (voltage and current) at load of
Compensated TCSC system
Fig.12. Power curves of compensated system mode
Table I Power flow presentation for TCSC
compensated transmission (11 KV) system
S.NO
Capacitor
Value (in
micro farad)
P (in
mega
watt)
1. 50 0.88
2 200 1.02
3. 350 1.19
4. 500 1.41
5. 600 1.57
6. 800 1.97
7. 1000 2.49
8. 1200 3.10
9. 1400 3.72
10. 1500 3.94
The power flows have been improved from (0.88 to 3.94)
MW (P) and (1.77 to 7.93) MVAR (Q) respectively by
varying the capacitance in the range (50 to 1500)
the stable operation of the transmission system model as
shown in table.I. The same range of
both (PID and PI) controller system of transmission line.
The firing angle of 90 is used for triggering the thyristor
www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
February 2021 Page 269
Compensated TCSC transmission line system
Fig.9.Compensated TCSC system model
The TCSC transmission (11 KV) system model used for
providing compensation is displayed in figure.9, system
stability is maintained by the fixed value of TCR (100 mH)
while the real and reactive power flows are carried out
in compensated TCSC system
models as well as TCSC (including PID and PI controller)
transmission line models also and simulation results for
compensated system model are shown as below:
Fig.10.Sending (voltage and current) from supply of
sated TCSC system
Fig.11.Receiving (voltage and current) at load of
Compensated TCSC system
Fig.12. Power curves of compensated system mode
Power flow presentation for TCSC
compensated transmission (11 KV) system
P (in
mega
watt)
Q
(in mega volt
ampere reactive)
0.88 1.77
1.02 2.05
1.19 2.39
1.41 2.82
1.57 3.15
1.97 3.99
2.49 5.01
3.10 6.24
3.72 7.52
3.94 7.93
The power flows have been improved from (0.88 to 3.94)
MW (P) and (1.77 to 7.93) MVAR (Q) respectively by
varying the capacitance in the range (50 to 1500) μF for
the stable operation of the transmission system model as
shown in table.I. The same range of capacitance is used for
both (PID and PI) controller system of transmission line.
is used for triggering the thyristor
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD38401
T1 and it is also applicable for both the system models
comprising of PID and PI controller.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF COMPENSATED TCSC
TRANSMISSION LINE (11 KV) SYSTEM MODEL (with
PID CONTROLLER)
Fig.13. Compensated TCSC system model with PID
controller
The compensated TCSC transmission line system model
with PID controller is shown in figure.13. The
Block Parameter: Gain = -1 at (P= 0, I= -1, D = 0) selected
for obtaining the results. PID controller based TCSC
system model simulation results are as below:
Fig.14.Sending (voltage and current) from source of
TCSC-PID
Fig.15.Receiving (voltage and current) at load of TCSC
PID
Fig.16.Close Loop Snapshot Linearization for
compensated TCSC-PID system model
The closed loop snapshot linearization for TCSC
transmission line (11 KV) system model is given in
figure.16 is selected for the system model to study the
performance of the given transmission system model.
Fig.17.Power curves for compensated TCSC
system model
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com
38401 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 2 | January-February
and it is also applicable for both the system models
ANALYSIS OF COMPENSATED TCSC
TRANSMISSION LINE (11 KV) SYSTEM MODEL (with
Compensated TCSC system model with PID
The compensated TCSC transmission line system model
with PID controller is shown in figure.13. The Function
1, D = 0) selected
for obtaining the results. PID controller based TCSC
system model simulation results are as below:
Fig.14.Sending (voltage and current) from source of
tage and current) at load of TCSC-
Fig.16.Close Loop Snapshot Linearization for
PID system model
The closed loop snapshot linearization for TCSC-PID
transmission line (11 KV) system model is given in
system model to study the
performance of the given transmission system model.
Fig.17.Power curves for compensated TCSC-PID
TABLE II Power flow presentation by TCSC
compensated transmission (11 KV) system
S.NO
Capacitor
Value (in
micro farad)
P (in
mega
watt)
1. 50 1.028
2 200 1.042
3. 350 1.21
4. 500 1.438
5. 600 1.587
6. 800 2.008
7. 1000 2.56
8. 1200 3.12
9. 1400 3.709
10. 1500 3.905
The real (P) and reactive power (Q) flows have shown
improvement from (1.028 to 3.905) MW and (1.905 to
7.961) MVAR, respectively in the range of capacitance
from (50 to 1500) F as shown in table.II.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF COMPENSATED TCSC
SYSTEM MODEL (WITH PI CONTROLLER)
Fig.18.Compensated TCSC system model with PI
controller
Compensated TCSC model with PI controller is shown in
figure.19. The Function Block Parameter: Gain =
0, I= 1, D = 0) selected for obtaining the results.
Fig.19. Sending (voltage and current) from source of
TCSC-PI system
Fig.20.Receiving (voltage and current) at load of TCSC
PI system
Fig.21.Close Loop Snapshot Linearization for
compensated TCSC
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February 2021 Page 270
Power flow presentation by TCSC-PID
compensated transmission (11 KV) system
P (in
mega
watt)
Q (in mega volt
ampere reactive)
1.028 1.905
1.042 2.066
1.21 2.399
1.438 2.829
1.587 3.161
2.008 3.975
2.56 5.018
3.12 6.228
3.709 7.47
3.905 7.961
The real (P) and reactive power (Q) flows have shown
improvement from (1.028 to 3.905) MW and (1.905 to
7.961) MVAR, respectively in the range of capacitance
F as shown in table.II.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF COMPENSATED TCSC
MODEL (WITH PI CONTROLLER)
Fig.18.Compensated TCSC system model with PI
controller
Compensated TCSC model with PI controller is shown in
figure.19. The Function Block Parameter: Gain = -1 at (P=
0, I= 1, D = 0) selected for obtaining the results.
.19. Sending (voltage and current) from source of
PI system
Fig.20.Receiving (voltage and current) at load of TCSC-
PI system
Fig.21.Close Loop Snapshot Linearization for
compensated TCSC-PI system model
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@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD38401 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 2 | January-February 2021 Page 271
The close loop snapshot linearization for TCSC-PI
transmission line (11 KV) system model in figure.21.
Fig.22. Power curves for compensated TCSC-PI system
Table III Power flow presentation for TCSC-PI
compensated transmission (11KV) system
S.NO
Capacitor
Value (in
micro farad)
P (in
mega
watt)
Q (in mega
volt ampere
reactive)
1. 50 0.886 1.77
2 200 1.033 2.069
3. 350 1.2 2.4
4. 500 1.416 2.825
5. 600 1.586 3.163
6. 800 1.975 3.988
7. 1000 2.499 5.018
8. 1200 3.092 6.227
9. 1400 3.723 7.429
10. 1500 3.94 7.895
The TCSC compensated transmission line system with PI
controller provides improvement in real and reactive
power flows from (0.886 to 3.94) MW and (1.77 to 7.895)
MVAR respectively as shown in table.III.
RESULTS
A. Compensation of transmission line (11 KV) system
using TCSC
Fig.23. Variation of power flow of TCSC compensated
system within the range of capacitance (50 to 1500)
]^
The compensation of the transmission line after varying
capacitor values of TCSC connected system results in the
improvement of reactive power with increasing
capacitance value is shown in figure.23.
B. Compensation of transmission line (11 KV) system
using TCSC (with PID) controller
Fig.24. Variation of power flow of TCSC-PID
compensated system within the range of capacitance
(50 to 1500) _`
Figure.24 shows the improvement in reactive power with
increasing capacitance. It is found that the transmission
system containing TCSC with PID controller gives better
performance than the transmission system using TCSC.
C. Compensation of transmission line (11 KV) system
using TCSC (with PI) controller
Fig.25. Variation of power flow of TCSC-PI system
within the range of capacitance (50 to 1500)	]^
Figure.25 shows the improvement of reactive power with
increasing the capacitance of transmission line system.
The TCSC-PI transmission line system is performing best
at 1500 μF of the capacitor.
TABLE IV Comparison of power flows between
transmission line (11 KV) systems using TCSC with
(PID and PI) controllers
Transmission
System
Capacitance
(350 _`
Capacitance
(1500 _`)
Device
Real
Power
(Mw)
Reactive
Power
(Mvar)
Real
Power
(Mw)
Reactive
Power
(Mvar)
TCSC 1.19 2.39 3.94 7.93
TCSC-PID 1.21 2.399 3.905 7.961
TCSC-PI 1.2 2.4 3.94 7.895
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Fig.26.Representation of power flows variation of
different transmission (11KV) compensated systems
within the range of capacitance (50 to 1500) _`
Variation of power flow of different transmission line
systems is shown in Figure.27 shows the variation of
power of different systems. At 1500μF, TCSC-PI
compensation is providing best power flow while at 350μF
TCSC-PID and TCSC compensation performing well in the
transmission system.
CONCLUSION
The comparative study of transmission line (11 KV)
system model and simulation with TCSC, PID and PI
controller is done through MATLAB-SIMULINK
environment. This paper presents performance analysis of
the transmission line (11 KV) system model using TCSC
with (PID and PI) controllers and an elaborate comparison
between their performances. Results show that TCSC,
TCSC-PID and TCSC-PI compensated transmission line
system model, reactive power flow is improved by
increasing capacitance than uncompensated transmission
system and it displays max value at capacitance (1500μF	).
The function block parameter gain is fixed at -1, helped to
make comparison between PID and PI controller installed
on transmission system and reciprocal value of I
parameter from both PID as well as PI controller to each
other found useful to make the thyristors operational to
utilize the full complete range of capacitances used in the
system and it will be helpful to operate the transmission
system within all capacitance values with both controller
taken into consideration for economical operation in any
power system for future work . The addition of TCSC with
PI and PID controller into the transmission line not only
improved the power flows but also enhanced the power
quality of the transmission system also as compared to the
uncompensated transmission system. Hence it can be
concluded that transmission line (11 KV) system using
TCSC and TCSC-PID controller provides the most desirable
performance at 350 μF while TCSC-PI is performing best at
1500 μF capacitance of compensated transmission system.
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[1] Martin German Sobek, Lubomir Bena, Roman
Cimbala, “Using of the Thyristor Controlled Series
Capacitor in Electric Power System”,
ELEKTROENERGETIKA Vol. 4; (2011).
[2] M. Zellagui1, A. Chaghi2; “Impact of TCSC on
Measured Impedance by MHO Distance Relay on 400
KV Algerian Transmission Line in Presence of Phase
to Earth Fault”, J. Electrical Systems 8-3 (2012):
273-291.
[3] Samima Akter1, Anulekha Saha2, Prof. Priyanath
Das3, “Modelling, Simulation and Comparison of
Various FACTS Devices in Power System”, IJERT, Vol.
1 Issue 8, October – 2012.
[4] M. Nayeripour1, M. Mahdi Mansouri2, “Analyze of
Real Switching Angle Limits in TCSC on Capacitor
and Inductor Values and their Selection Factors”,
IJAST Vol. 57; August (2013).
[5] H. Guentria1, F. Lakdjaa2, M.Laouera3, “The
opportunity of power electronics on improving the
quality of voltage and power flow in the west Algeria
network”, Energy Procedia, 50 (2014) 870 – 881.
[6] Mohsen Hosseinzadeh1, Soreshjani2, Navid Reza
Abjadi3, Abbas Kargar4, Gholamreza Arab
Markadeh5, “A comparison of fuzzy logic and PID
controllers to control transmitted power using a
TCSC”, Turk J Electrical Engineering & Comp Science
(2014) 22: 1463 – 1475.
[7] D. Chatterjee1, A. Mitra2, S. Sarkar3, “A Conceptual
Study for Control Strategy of TCSC in Inductive and
Capacitive Region”, ICCPCT, (2014).
[8] Lazhar Bougouffa1, Abdelaziz Chaghi2,
“Investigation of TCSC controller effect on IDMT
directional over current Relay”, Procedia – Social
and Behavioral Sciences 195 (2015) 2421 – 2429.
[9] M. Dilip Kumar1, P.Sujatha2, “Design and
Development of Self Tuning Controller for TCSC to
Damp Inter Harmonic Oscillation”, Energy Procedia,
117 (2017) 802- 809.
[10] Niraj H. Patel1, Raju B. Chaudhary2, Rozina R.
Surani3, Hemant N. Raval4, “TCSC – Modeling and
Operation”, IJAERD Volume 4, Issue 5, May (2017)

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Performance Analysis and Comparison of Transmission Line Varying the Capacitor Value with PI and PID Controllers using TCSC

  • 1. International Journal of Trend in Volume 5 Issue 2, January-February @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD38401 Performance Analysis Line (Varying (PI and PID) Electrical & Electronics Engineering Al-Falah University, Dhauj, ABSTRACT In this paper, performance analysis of transmission line (11 KV) with thyristor controlled series capacitor enhancement under the application of PI and PID controllers is compared after varying the capacitance of transmission line capacitor. Simulation results of uncompensated and also for compensated transmission line of 11 KV are compared with PI and PID controllers working with the transmission line system for improving the real power as well as reactive power in the supportive MATLAB environment; self tuning is applied through MATLAB-PID TUNER for both (PID and PI) controllers. KEYWORDS: FACTS; PI; PID; Power System; Power Quality; Transmission lines INTRODUCTION Incorporation of power electronics in power system provides flexibility to the AC transmission system with enhancement in power, controllability with good demonstration of transfer in power [10]. Reduction in TCSC system’s cost, complexity and power loss i the usage of thyristor providing natural commutation and switching at low frequency [4]. The effectiveness of TCSC device is checked by simulation before its real implementation into any power system for ensuring the economical operation desired for the smooth functioning of the designed power system [1]. TCSC acts accordingly to the contemporary loading condition of transmission line with the introduction of desired reactance observing the present state of load in series with the transmission line sometimes line are heavily loaded then capacitive reactance is provided by TCSC while under light load condition inductive reactance is made to enter the transmission system by TCSC device for the enhancement in power transfer of the operational power sy to-back thyristor along with reactor TCR highly International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) February 2021 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com 38401 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 2 | January-February Performance Analysis and Comparison of Transmission (Varying the Capacitor Value) w nd PID) Controllers using TCSC Sameer Khan, Dr. Aziz Ahmad Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Al-Falah School of Engineering and Technology, Falah University, Dhauj, Faridabad, Haryana, India In this paper, performance analysis of transmission line (11 KV) with providing stability and power enhancement under the application of PI and PID controllers is compared after varying the capacitance of transmission line capacitor. Simulation results of uncompensated and also for compensated transmission line of 11 compared with PI and PID controllers working with the transmission line system for improving the real power as well as reactive MATLAB environment; self tuning is applied for both (PID and PI) controllers. FACTS; PI; PID; Power System; Power Quality; Transmission lines How to cite this paper Dr. Aziz Ahmad "Performance Analysis and Comparison of (Varying the Capacitor Value) with (PI and PID) Controllers using TCSC" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456 6470, Volume Issue-2, February 2021, pp.267 www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38401.pdf Copyright © 20 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Journal. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Incorporation of power electronics in power system provides flexibility to the AC transmission system with enhancement in power, controllability with good demonstration of transfer in power [10]. Reduction in TCSC system’s cost, complexity and power loss is due to the usage of thyristor providing natural commutation and switching at low frequency [4]. The effectiveness of TCSC device is checked by simulation before its real implementation into any power system for ensuring the or the smooth functioning of the designed power system [1]. TCSC acts accordingly to the contemporary loading condition of transmission line with the introduction of desired reactance observing the present state of load in series with the transmission line; sometimes line are heavily loaded then capacitive reactance is provided by TCSC while under light load condition inductive reactance is made to enter the transmission system by TCSC device for the enhancement in power transfer of the operational power system; back- back thyristor along with reactor TCR highly responsible for the complete control of the total reactance [7]. TCSC providing the range of solutions to the problems like: scheduling of the fast power flow; limiting the short circuit currents; regulating the continuous reactance; mitigate the sub-synchronous resonance(SSR); damping the power oscillation; enhancing the transient stability; and TCSC along with PID controller is helpful in industrial operational work [6]. In this paper, per of transmission line (11 KV) model with TCSC compensated model with the addition of PID controller and PI controller addition to the said transmission system model separately compared; firstly uncompensated system performance is studied t technique is applied to make the system compensated then finally the performance of the 11 KV transmission model is separately compared and studied with the introduction of PID controller and PI controller independently with varying c controllers performances are compared with TCSC device using MATLAB software. Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470 February 2021 Page 267 of Transmission with sing TCSC Falah School of Engineering and Technology, How to cite this paper: Sameer Khan | Dr. Aziz Ahmad "Performance Analysis and Comparison of Transmission Line (Varying the Capacitor Value) with (PI and PID) Controllers using TCSC" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456- 6470, Volume-5 | 2, February 2021, pp.267-272, URL: www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38401.pdf Copyright © 2021 by author(s) and International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Journal. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) responsible for the complete control of the total reactance [7]. TCSC providing the range of solutions to the problems like: scheduling of the fast power flow; limiting the short rents; regulating the continuous reactance; synchronous resonance(SSR); damping the power oscillation; enhancing the transient stability; and TCSC along with PID controller is helpful in industrial operational work [6]. In this paper, performance analysis of transmission line (11 KV) model with TCSC compensated model with the addition of PID controller and PI controller addition to the said transmission system model separately compared; firstly uncompensated system performance is studied then TCSC compensation technique is applied to make the system compensated then finally the performance of the 11 KV transmission model is separately compared and studied with the introduction of PID controller and PI controller independently with varying capacitance values and the controllers performances are compared with TCSC device IJTSRD38401
  • 2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD38401 LITERATURE REVIEW A. TCSC addition into the transmission system Fig.1.TCSC added in the transmission system (a) Schematic diagram of TCSC (b) TCSC r The simple introduction of TCSC into the transmission system is shown in figure.1 (a). The capacitor series connection with parallel reactor TCR makes a TCSC compensated system in which firing angle of thyristor is adjusted to control TCR [3]. TCR is found in non conducting state at 180 while at 90 , it comes to full conduction [3]. In this TCSC device, GTO (Gate turn thyristor is not required [3]. The impedance of the TCSC system due to LC circuit is given by equation (1) X α α Where, XL and XC are the variable inductive reactance and fixed capacitive reactance respectively and the delay angle is calculated [10]. X α X π π α α ,X X α ∞ X ω π X ω 2πfL From [10], transmission line compensation (percentage) is given by equation (5) 100 B. Operational parameters of TCSC TCSC injects a variable reactance in the transmission line as given by equation (6) !1 " #$ #$ %& % ' + (#$ #$ COS σ , -. /σ $ -. σ $ π ] Where, the values of σ, K and λ are given by equations (7), (8) and (9) respectively. σ is equal to 2 π " α K is equal to λ ω λ is equal to √ < Represents the cyclic portion of thyristor which is in operation state and being the function of X International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com 38401 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 2 | January-February TCSC addition into the transmission system Fig.1.TCSC added in the transmission system (a) Schematic diagram of TCSC (b) TCSC reactance The simple introduction of TCSC into the transmission system is shown in figure.1 (a). The capacitor series connection with parallel reactor TCR makes a TCSC compensated system in which firing angle of thyristor is TCR is found in non- , it comes to full conduction [3]. In this TCSC device, GTO (Gate turn-off) thyristor is not required [3]. The impedance of the TCSC system due to LC circuit is given by equation (1) (1) are the variable inductive reactance and fixed capacitive reactance respectively and the delay angle (2) (3) (4) transmission line compensation (percentage) is (5) in the transmission (6) are given by equations (7), (7) (8) (9) Represents the cyclic portion of thyristor which is in being the function of XTCSC, divide the TCSC reactance into Inductive region, capacitive region and in the region of resonance [2]. C. TCSC power controller model with PID Fig.2.PID control diagram to transmission system Figure.2 shows the PID control; In PID controller error power signal is found by equation (10) to find firing angle α t as PID output written by equation (11) e P>?@ " PAB. α T KD e t E K F e t dt - H Where, proportional, integral, and derivative gains are written asKD, K and KI respectively [6]. D. TCSC power controller Fig.3.PI control diagram to transmission system Figure.3 shows the PI control of TCSC system, it changes or controls the TCSC reactance within as written by equation (12) with reference power as and line power asPJ B [9]. X KK E KL S M ) P>?@ PJ B MODELLING A. TCSC DEVICE Figure.1 shows the addition of TCSC device in transmission system; the impedance provided by TCSC is given by equation (13) equation (14) represents the impedance of the reactor, equation (15) tells about the impedance of capacity, equation (1 relationship between the impedances of capacity and reactor and finally equation (18) describes reactance of TCSC with firing angle from [5]. Z jX Z > jX > j π π α & α Z "jX Z Z /Z > = P P Q R P &P Q R = j S π π α& α X (α = S π π α & α www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 February 2021 Page 268 TCSC reactance into Inductive region, capacitive region and in the region of resonance [2]. TCSC power controller model with PID controller Fig.2.PID control diagram to transmission system Figure.2 shows the PID control; In PID controller error power signal is found by equation (10) to find firing angle as PID output written by equation (11) (10) dt E KI IB - I- (11) Where, proportional, integral, and derivative gains are respectively [6]. model with PI controller Fig.3.PI control diagram to transmission system Figure.3 shows the PI control of TCSC-PI transmission system, it changes or controls the TCSC reactance within as written by equation (12) with reference power as P>?@ J B (12) Figure.1 shows the addition of TCSC device in transmission system; the impedance provided by TCSC is given by equation (13) equation (14) represents the impedance of the reactor, equation (15) tells about the impedance of capacity, equation (16) and (17) state the relationship between the impedances of capacity and reactor and finally equation (18) describes reactance of from [5]. (13) (14) (15) Q R (16) (17) (18)
  • 3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD38401 B. Power analysis (for P and Q) of transmission line system Fig.4. Mounting of TCSC device in transmission line system Figure.4 representing the implementation of TCSC in transmission line, equation (19), (20), (21) and (22) represent the value of real power (P12), reactive power (Q12), line reactance (XLINE), and TCSC reactance (X respectively. P TU T$ VU$ Q W Q = T$ $ TU T$ Y δ VU$ Q W X B X E X X K X B TCSC changes power flow of the system with changing its capacitive reactance setting [8]. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF CONTROLLED SERIES CAPACITOR (TCSC) DEVICE A. Uncompensated (without TCSC) system model Fig.5.Uncompensated system model Figure.5 shows the uncompensated system with the source [Phase (deg) = 0, Source Impedance of (0.01+0.001) ] and Line Impedance of (5+0.023) provided while load parameters are 25MW and 50 MVAR for the system. Voltage and current (sending as well as receiving) and power flows from simulation (using MATLAB-SIMULINK) are presented in figure 6, figure 7, and figure 8 respectively: Fig.6.Sending (voltage and current) from supply of uncompensated system Fig.7.Receiving (voltage and current) at load of uncompensated system Fig.8.Power curves of uncompensated system model International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com 38401 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 2 | January-February B. Power analysis (for P and Q) of transmission line Fig.4. Mounting of TCSC device in transmission line representing the implementation of TCSC in transmission line, equation (19), (20), (21) and (22) ), reactive power ), and TCSC reactance (XTCSC) (19) (20) (21) (22) TCSC changes power flow of the system with changing its THYRISTOR (TCSC) DEVICE Uncompensated (without TCSC) system model Fig.5.Uncompensated system model Figure.5 shows the uncompensated system with the source [Phase (deg) = 0, Source Impedance of ] and Line Impedance of (5+0.023) provided while load parameters are 25MW and 50 MVAR for the system. Voltage and current (sending as well as receiving) and power flows from simulation (using SIMULINK) are presented in figure 6, figure 7, (voltage and current) from supply of Fig.7.Receiving (voltage and current) at load of Fig.8.Power curves of uncompensated system model A. Compensated TCSC transmission line system model Fig.9.Compensated TCSC The TCSC transmission (11 KV) system model used for providing compensation is displayed in figure.9, system stability is maintained by the fixed value of TCR (100 mH) while the real and reactive power flows are carried out with capacitance = 350Z[ in compensated TCSC system models as well as TCSC (including PID and PI controller) transmission line models also and simulation results for compensated system model are shown as below: Fig.10.Sending (voltage and current) from supply of compensated TCSC system Fig.11.Receiving (voltage and current) at load of Compensated TCSC system Fig.12. Power curves of compensated system mode Table I Power flow presentation for TCSC compensated transmission (11 KV) system S.NO Capacitor Value (in micro farad) P (in mega watt) 1. 50 0.88 2 200 1.02 3. 350 1.19 4. 500 1.41 5. 600 1.57 6. 800 1.97 7. 1000 2.49 8. 1200 3.10 9. 1400 3.72 10. 1500 3.94 The power flows have been improved from (0.88 to 3.94) MW (P) and (1.77 to 7.93) MVAR (Q) respectively by varying the capacitance in the range (50 to 1500) the stable operation of the transmission system model as shown in table.I. The same range of both (PID and PI) controller system of transmission line. The firing angle of 90 is used for triggering the thyristor www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 February 2021 Page 269 Compensated TCSC transmission line system Fig.9.Compensated TCSC system model The TCSC transmission (11 KV) system model used for providing compensation is displayed in figure.9, system stability is maintained by the fixed value of TCR (100 mH) while the real and reactive power flows are carried out in compensated TCSC system models as well as TCSC (including PID and PI controller) transmission line models also and simulation results for compensated system model are shown as below: Fig.10.Sending (voltage and current) from supply of sated TCSC system Fig.11.Receiving (voltage and current) at load of Compensated TCSC system Fig.12. Power curves of compensated system mode Power flow presentation for TCSC compensated transmission (11 KV) system P (in mega watt) Q (in mega volt ampere reactive) 0.88 1.77 1.02 2.05 1.19 2.39 1.41 2.82 1.57 3.15 1.97 3.99 2.49 5.01 3.10 6.24 3.72 7.52 3.94 7.93 The power flows have been improved from (0.88 to 3.94) MW (P) and (1.77 to 7.93) MVAR (Q) respectively by varying the capacitance in the range (50 to 1500) μF for the stable operation of the transmission system model as shown in table.I. The same range of capacitance is used for both (PID and PI) controller system of transmission line. is used for triggering the thyristor
  • 4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD38401 T1 and it is also applicable for both the system models comprising of PID and PI controller. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF COMPENSATED TCSC TRANSMISSION LINE (11 KV) SYSTEM MODEL (with PID CONTROLLER) Fig.13. Compensated TCSC system model with PID controller The compensated TCSC transmission line system model with PID controller is shown in figure.13. The Block Parameter: Gain = -1 at (P= 0, I= -1, D = 0) selected for obtaining the results. PID controller based TCSC system model simulation results are as below: Fig.14.Sending (voltage and current) from source of TCSC-PID Fig.15.Receiving (voltage and current) at load of TCSC PID Fig.16.Close Loop Snapshot Linearization for compensated TCSC-PID system model The closed loop snapshot linearization for TCSC transmission line (11 KV) system model is given in figure.16 is selected for the system model to study the performance of the given transmission system model. Fig.17.Power curves for compensated TCSC system model International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com 38401 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 2 | January-February and it is also applicable for both the system models ANALYSIS OF COMPENSATED TCSC TRANSMISSION LINE (11 KV) SYSTEM MODEL (with Compensated TCSC system model with PID The compensated TCSC transmission line system model with PID controller is shown in figure.13. The Function 1, D = 0) selected for obtaining the results. PID controller based TCSC system model simulation results are as below: Fig.14.Sending (voltage and current) from source of tage and current) at load of TCSC- Fig.16.Close Loop Snapshot Linearization for PID system model The closed loop snapshot linearization for TCSC-PID transmission line (11 KV) system model is given in system model to study the performance of the given transmission system model. Fig.17.Power curves for compensated TCSC-PID TABLE II Power flow presentation by TCSC compensated transmission (11 KV) system S.NO Capacitor Value (in micro farad) P (in mega watt) 1. 50 1.028 2 200 1.042 3. 350 1.21 4. 500 1.438 5. 600 1.587 6. 800 2.008 7. 1000 2.56 8. 1200 3.12 9. 1400 3.709 10. 1500 3.905 The real (P) and reactive power (Q) flows have shown improvement from (1.028 to 3.905) MW and (1.905 to 7.961) MVAR, respectively in the range of capacitance from (50 to 1500) F as shown in table.II. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF COMPENSATED TCSC SYSTEM MODEL (WITH PI CONTROLLER) Fig.18.Compensated TCSC system model with PI controller Compensated TCSC model with PI controller is shown in figure.19. The Function Block Parameter: Gain = 0, I= 1, D = 0) selected for obtaining the results. Fig.19. Sending (voltage and current) from source of TCSC-PI system Fig.20.Receiving (voltage and current) at load of TCSC PI system Fig.21.Close Loop Snapshot Linearization for compensated TCSC www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 February 2021 Page 270 Power flow presentation by TCSC-PID compensated transmission (11 KV) system P (in mega watt) Q (in mega volt ampere reactive) 1.028 1.905 1.042 2.066 1.21 2.399 1.438 2.829 1.587 3.161 2.008 3.975 2.56 5.018 3.12 6.228 3.709 7.47 3.905 7.961 The real (P) and reactive power (Q) flows have shown improvement from (1.028 to 3.905) MW and (1.905 to 7.961) MVAR, respectively in the range of capacitance F as shown in table.II. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF COMPENSATED TCSC MODEL (WITH PI CONTROLLER) Fig.18.Compensated TCSC system model with PI controller Compensated TCSC model with PI controller is shown in figure.19. The Function Block Parameter: Gain = -1 at (P= 0, I= 1, D = 0) selected for obtaining the results. .19. Sending (voltage and current) from source of PI system Fig.20.Receiving (voltage and current) at load of TCSC- PI system Fig.21.Close Loop Snapshot Linearization for compensated TCSC-PI system model
  • 5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD38401 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 2 | January-February 2021 Page 271 The close loop snapshot linearization for TCSC-PI transmission line (11 KV) system model in figure.21. Fig.22. Power curves for compensated TCSC-PI system Table III Power flow presentation for TCSC-PI compensated transmission (11KV) system S.NO Capacitor Value (in micro farad) P (in mega watt) Q (in mega volt ampere reactive) 1. 50 0.886 1.77 2 200 1.033 2.069 3. 350 1.2 2.4 4. 500 1.416 2.825 5. 600 1.586 3.163 6. 800 1.975 3.988 7. 1000 2.499 5.018 8. 1200 3.092 6.227 9. 1400 3.723 7.429 10. 1500 3.94 7.895 The TCSC compensated transmission line system with PI controller provides improvement in real and reactive power flows from (0.886 to 3.94) MW and (1.77 to 7.895) MVAR respectively as shown in table.III. RESULTS A. Compensation of transmission line (11 KV) system using TCSC Fig.23. Variation of power flow of TCSC compensated system within the range of capacitance (50 to 1500) ]^ The compensation of the transmission line after varying capacitor values of TCSC connected system results in the improvement of reactive power with increasing capacitance value is shown in figure.23. B. Compensation of transmission line (11 KV) system using TCSC (with PID) controller Fig.24. Variation of power flow of TCSC-PID compensated system within the range of capacitance (50 to 1500) _` Figure.24 shows the improvement in reactive power with increasing capacitance. It is found that the transmission system containing TCSC with PID controller gives better performance than the transmission system using TCSC. C. Compensation of transmission line (11 KV) system using TCSC (with PI) controller Fig.25. Variation of power flow of TCSC-PI system within the range of capacitance (50 to 1500) ]^ Figure.25 shows the improvement of reactive power with increasing the capacitance of transmission line system. The TCSC-PI transmission line system is performing best at 1500 μF of the capacitor. TABLE IV Comparison of power flows between transmission line (11 KV) systems using TCSC with (PID and PI) controllers Transmission System Capacitance (350 _` Capacitance (1500 _`) Device Real Power (Mw) Reactive Power (Mvar) Real Power (Mw) Reactive Power (Mvar) TCSC 1.19 2.39 3.94 7.93 TCSC-PID 1.21 2.399 3.905 7.961 TCSC-PI 1.2 2.4 3.94 7.895
  • 6. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD38401 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 2 | January-February 2021 Page 272 Fig.26.Representation of power flows variation of different transmission (11KV) compensated systems within the range of capacitance (50 to 1500) _` Variation of power flow of different transmission line systems is shown in Figure.27 shows the variation of power of different systems. At 1500μF, TCSC-PI compensation is providing best power flow while at 350μF TCSC-PID and TCSC compensation performing well in the transmission system. CONCLUSION The comparative study of transmission line (11 KV) system model and simulation with TCSC, PID and PI controller is done through MATLAB-SIMULINK environment. This paper presents performance analysis of the transmission line (11 KV) system model using TCSC with (PID and PI) controllers and an elaborate comparison between their performances. Results show that TCSC, TCSC-PID and TCSC-PI compensated transmission line system model, reactive power flow is improved by increasing capacitance than uncompensated transmission system and it displays max value at capacitance (1500μF ). The function block parameter gain is fixed at -1, helped to make comparison between PID and PI controller installed on transmission system and reciprocal value of I parameter from both PID as well as PI controller to each other found useful to make the thyristors operational to utilize the full complete range of capacitances used in the system and it will be helpful to operate the transmission system within all capacitance values with both controller taken into consideration for economical operation in any power system for future work . The addition of TCSC with PI and PID controller into the transmission line not only improved the power flows but also enhanced the power quality of the transmission system also as compared to the uncompensated transmission system. Hence it can be concluded that transmission line (11 KV) system using TCSC and TCSC-PID controller provides the most desirable performance at 350 μF while TCSC-PI is performing best at 1500 μF capacitance of compensated transmission system. REFERENCES [1] Martin German Sobek, Lubomir Bena, Roman Cimbala, “Using of the Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor in Electric Power System”, ELEKTROENERGETIKA Vol. 4; (2011). [2] M. Zellagui1, A. Chaghi2; “Impact of TCSC on Measured Impedance by MHO Distance Relay on 400 KV Algerian Transmission Line in Presence of Phase to Earth Fault”, J. Electrical Systems 8-3 (2012): 273-291. [3] Samima Akter1, Anulekha Saha2, Prof. Priyanath Das3, “Modelling, Simulation and Comparison of Various FACTS Devices in Power System”, IJERT, Vol. 1 Issue 8, October – 2012. [4] M. Nayeripour1, M. Mahdi Mansouri2, “Analyze of Real Switching Angle Limits in TCSC on Capacitor and Inductor Values and their Selection Factors”, IJAST Vol. 57; August (2013). [5] H. Guentria1, F. Lakdjaa2, M.Laouera3, “The opportunity of power electronics on improving the quality of voltage and power flow in the west Algeria network”, Energy Procedia, 50 (2014) 870 – 881. [6] Mohsen Hosseinzadeh1, Soreshjani2, Navid Reza Abjadi3, Abbas Kargar4, Gholamreza Arab Markadeh5, “A comparison of fuzzy logic and PID controllers to control transmitted power using a TCSC”, Turk J Electrical Engineering & Comp Science (2014) 22: 1463 – 1475. [7] D. Chatterjee1, A. Mitra2, S. Sarkar3, “A Conceptual Study for Control Strategy of TCSC in Inductive and Capacitive Region”, ICCPCT, (2014). [8] Lazhar Bougouffa1, Abdelaziz Chaghi2, “Investigation of TCSC controller effect on IDMT directional over current Relay”, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 195 (2015) 2421 – 2429. [9] M. Dilip Kumar1, P.Sujatha2, “Design and Development of Self Tuning Controller for TCSC to Damp Inter Harmonic Oscillation”, Energy Procedia, 117 (2017) 802- 809. [10] Niraj H. Patel1, Raju B. Chaudhary2, Rozina R. Surani3, Hemant N. Raval4, “TCSC – Modeling and Operation”, IJAERD Volume 4, Issue 5, May (2017)