This document discusses perception, the perception process, factors that affect perception, problems with perception, the importance of perception, and methods to overcome perception issues. It defines perception as a complex cognitive process that yields a unique understanding of the world. The perception process involves input, analysis, selection, and output. Factors like personality, attitudes, motivation, experience, and the situation itself can influence perception. Common problems with perception include inaccurate judgments, perceptual defenses, stereotyping, the halo effect, and projection. Perception is important because it determines behavior, impressions, relationships, and evaluations. Methods to address perception issues include avoiding attribution, open communication, self-awareness, empathy, and maintaining a positive attitude.

1. PERCEPTION

2. OBJECTIVES
 What is perception
 Perception process
 Factors effected to perception process
 Problems of perception
 Importance of perception
 Methods of overcome perception issues

3. WHAT IS PERCEPTION
• Complex cognitive process that yields a unique picture of world.
• Simply how a person understand the world/environment is
perception.
Perception is important for understanding individual differences
because how people perceived a situation determines how people
behave. Perception is part of that personal dimension that makes
people see situations differently as well as shapes their attitude in
terms of their work environment.

8. PERCEPTION PROCESS
In put Process Out put
Attitudes
Response
Moods
Report
Analyze
Select

11. FACTORS EFFECTED TO PERCEPTION PROCESS
 Perceiver
Personality/ Learning & Education/Attitudes/Motivation/Experience/
Expectation
 Situation
Situation does not only mean a place. Situation is inclusive of an event or an
occasion when people interact. A situation may be important in
understanding first impressions. - Lightning/Heat
Target
Movement/Quantity/ Loud

12. PROBLEMS OF PERCEPTION
• The perceptual process may result in a person making errors in
judgement or understanding of another person. The most common
types of perceptual errors are:
 Accuracy in judgment
 Perceptual defense
 Stereotyping
 The halo effect
 Projection
 Role of culture

13. Accuracy in judgment
• Similarity error – assuming that people who are similar to us ( in
of background, interests and hobbies) will behave like us.
• Contrast error – comparing people to others rather than to some
absolute standard.
• Overweighting of negative information – a tendency to overreact to
something negative.
• Race, age, and gender bias – tendency to be more or less positive
based on one’s race, age, of sex.
• First-impression error – forming first impressions that are resistant to
change.
PROBLEMS OF PERCEPTION CONT.

14. o Perceptual defense
The tendency for people to protect themselves against ideas, objects,
or situations that are threatening.
o Stereotyping
The belief that all members of a specific group share similar traits and
behaviors.
o Halo effect
A tendency to color everything we know about a person because of
one recognizable favourable or unfavourable trait.
o Projection
 tendency to see one’s traits in others.
o The role of culture
Culture influence our perception in selecting information and
exhibiting a behavioural pattern in situations
PROBLEMS OF PERCEPTION CONT.

15. IMPORTANCE OF PERCEPTION
• Perception decide behavior
• Perceive organization as whole
• Interpersonal working relationships
• Selection of employees
• Performance appraisals
• Impression management

16. OVERCOME PERCEPTION ISSUES
 Avoiding attribution
 Open communication
 Enhancing self concept
 Being empathic
 Having positive attitudes
 Knowing & perceiving one self accurately