PepsiCo's reverse logistics operations in India face challenges including a high degree of uncertainty in the quantity and quality of returned products, as well as damage during transportation of low-value returned items. The document recommends decoupling PepsiCo's forward and reverse supply chains by using specialized third-party logistics providers to improve reverse logistics efficiency. A cost-benefit analysis estimates that decoupling could save Rs. 180000 per year by increasing truck utilization from 65% to 80% and reducing breakage rates.
Apple INC.: Managing a Global Supply ChainAyesha Majid
As part of her analysis of Apple’s stock, she wanted to look at the company’s supply chain to see if she could gain some insight into the pros and cons of Apple as a key holding in BXE’s fund. When. Apple Computer was founded on April 1, 1976, by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Mike Markkula to manufacture and distribute desktop computers.
A Case Study on DHL.DHL is the global market leader in the logistics industry.
It cover the information related to DHL.
Mission and Vision
History
Market share
SWOT analysis
Apple INC.: Managing a Global Supply ChainAyesha Majid
As part of her analysis of Apple’s stock, she wanted to look at the company’s supply chain to see if she could gain some insight into the pros and cons of Apple as a key holding in BXE’s fund. When. Apple Computer was founded on April 1, 1976, by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Mike Markkula to manufacture and distribute desktop computers.
A Case Study on DHL.DHL is the global market leader in the logistics industry.
It cover the information related to DHL.
Mission and Vision
History
Market share
SWOT analysis
7-Eleven is number 1 franchising in the world.
This presentation is about supply chain strategy in the 7-Eleven store.
Source: From many source and many presentation
A Comprehensive Supply Chain Simulation Game Played in 4 rounds. Every rounds present new variables and correspondence decisions from our team. This was a course project for DSO557b for MSGSCM cohort of USC Marshall.
There are many benefits to leveraging a reusable packaging program. However, in order to reap all of the benefits for your supply chain, the total cost is a factor. This discussion will give insights on what to look for when it comes to hidden costs and how to increase longevity from your program. Discover how specifying the right program for your pallets, containers/totes, bulk bins and dunnage in your supply chain.
Understand what the total costs are when developing in a reusable packaging program. You’ll learn what to leverage when looking for a sustainable program that creates longevity within your supply chain. Know how and where to optimize your program.
7-Eleven is number 1 franchising in the world.
This presentation is about supply chain strategy in the 7-Eleven store.
Source: From many source and many presentation
A Comprehensive Supply Chain Simulation Game Played in 4 rounds. Every rounds present new variables and correspondence decisions from our team. This was a course project for DSO557b for MSGSCM cohort of USC Marshall.
There are many benefits to leveraging a reusable packaging program. However, in order to reap all of the benefits for your supply chain, the total cost is a factor. This discussion will give insights on what to look for when it comes to hidden costs and how to increase longevity from your program. Discover how specifying the right program for your pallets, containers/totes, bulk bins and dunnage in your supply chain.
Understand what the total costs are when developing in a reusable packaging program. You’ll learn what to leverage when looking for a sustainable program that creates longevity within your supply chain. Know how and where to optimize your program.
A presentation by Ken Bailey, executive divisional director, Compass Fleet Management (a division of MiX Telematics). Delivered during the 1st annual Fleet Management Conference at the Indaba Hotel in Fourways, Johannesburg.
Water Reduction in Food Processing Facilities - Presented at FPSA Annual Conf...Haskell
Seiberling, a Haskell Company presented on water reduction last week at the FPSA (Food Processing Suppliers Association) annual conference in March 2015. Presentation was given by Bob Price, Senior Project Manager.
Gas Networks Ireland presentation from the IREC conference on Renewable Gas: Unique Heat & De-carbonisation Opportunity for Ireland.
Gas has a key part to play in helping Ireland meet it's climate change targets through;
• More efficient use of the existing gas networks
• The deployment of more innovate technologies
• Facilitating and supporting an indigenous renewable gas industry
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2. Reverse Logistics
Refilling
Expiration due to completion of shelf life
Forecasting error
Leakages
Use in Bottling Industry
Convergent structure
From many sources to few demand points
High degree of uncertainty in supply- both in terms of quantity and quality of used products
returned by the consumers
High quality products may justify higher transportation costs (and thus a more centralized network
structure), whereas extensive transportation of low value products is uneconomicalIIMK | SCM | Section A | Group 2
3. Forecasting
Relatively
Certain
One to Many
Uniform
Uniform
Uniform
Visible
Consistent
Transparent
FORWARD
LOGITICS
More
difficult
Many to one
Non-uniform
Damaged
Variable
Less directly
visible
Inconsistent
Less visible
REVERSE
LOGISTICS
Distribution Cost
Bottle Quality
Distribution Pts
Packaging
Process visibility
Inventory Mgt
Pricing
Supplier Distributor LogisticsBottling
Plant
Retailer
Depot
Sales
Collecti
on
•Selection
•Sorting
acc. To
quality
state &
Recovery
Route
Combined
Inspection
Quality of
glass
Grading
•Reprocessi
ng/Recycli
ng
•Direct
Recovery
Recovery Refilling
Customer
returns Bottle
Sorting,Testing
Basic Processing
Recycle
Forward
Logistics
Reverse Transport
Can the
bottle be
reused?
Yes
No
Bottle can not be
repaired
Primary Trucks Secondary Trucks
IIMK | SCM | Section A | Group 2
4. PEPSICO INDIA
• PepsiCo established its business operations in India in 1989
• 41 plants of PEPSI Co across India
• Lot Sizes depend on demand, season
• Direct ordering through Distributor Rep.
• Frequency of order: 2-3/week
• Transit time: 3 days, Lead Time: 4 days
• Inventory: 3 days stock
• Use of I.T. : Stock Keeping, Account Keeping, Problem
Handling
• Expense of Transportation:
– Distributor to Bottling plant: Bottling Plant
– Retailer to Distributor: Distributor (4000 outlets/distributor)
IIMK | SCM | Section A | Group 2
5. Bottling plants
Bottling plants
Presently 38 Bottling plants in India
with majority being franchisee owned
Company
Owned (CoBo)
Franchisee
Owned (FoBo)
Cuttack BhopalRaipur
Dharwad Jamshedpur Nagpur
Locations
Varun Beverages (RKJ) is the main bottling
franchisee of PEPSICO
IIMK | SCM | Section A | Group 2
6. Bottling Volumes at Varun Beverages
Month Sales/Case RGB/Case Damages
RGB
April 2568367 1797857 161805.9
May 2701648 1891154 170203.8
June 2233363 1563354 140701.8
July 2185333 1529733 137676
Aug 2041245 1428872 128598.5
Sept 1801099 1260769 113469.2
Oct 1729055 1210338 108930.5
Nov 1657011 1159908 104391.7
Dec 1710564 1197395 107763.3
Jan 2245370 1571759 141458.3
Feb 2365443 1655810 149022.9
March 2461502 1723051 155074.6
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
Sales/Case RGB/Case
Damages RGB
•High Uncertainty - Fluctuations in RGB are not in proportion to the sales volumes
•Huge gap between selling cases and retrieval of RGB – Only 65% of the bottles are retrieved back
•The breakages during logistics are substantial – 9%
•Damages – Incurring Repair Costs and transportation Costs
*Source : Varun Beverages 2010-2011 Data) IIMK | SCM | Section A | Group 2
8. Manufacturer
Bottling Plant
Distributor
Wholesaler
Distributor Distributor
Bottle
Suppliers
Raw Material
Supplier
Wholesaler
Retailer
Retailer
Retailer
Retailer
Grading Facility
Adherence to safety check list
Misbehaviour by truck driver
Display of PEPSI LOGO on trucks
Physical condition of truck
Assets re-
utilization
Better
control over
safety stock
of bottles
Better
integration
of the
captured
returns infor
mation with
forward
supply chain
information
Time taken by driver to reach the distributorship
Time taken by driver to reach at plant
Damage/loss to the product while delivering
Damage/loss to EMPTY BOTTLE during return to plant
Delay due to malfunctioning of truck
EVALUATION PARAMETERS
FOR REVERSE LOGISTICS
Reverse Network
IIMK | SCM | Section A | Group 2
9. Manufacturer
Bottling Plant
Distributor
Wholesaler
Distributor Distributor
Bottle
Suppliers
Raw Material
Supplier
Wholesaler
Retailer
Retailer
Retailer
Retailer
Grading Facility
Recommended RL
Decoupling Forward & Reverse channels
IIMK | SCM | Section A | Group 2
Grading Facility
Specialised 3PL
Use of Specialised 3PL that operates directly between Retailer & Bottling plant, with its
own Grading facilities & warehouses
Warehouses are used for sorting the bottles(Coke/Pepsi/RC Cola..) & employ Cross
Docking
3PL Warehouse
3PL Warehouse
10. IIMK | SCM | Section A | Group 2
Assumptions
Diesel Price 50 per litre
One Truck Consumes 7 litres
Existing Breakage 9%
Breakage Under Decoupled network 5%
Truck capacity 144 Crates (300ml Bottles)
Exisitng RL utilization 65%
Under Decoupled Network 80%
Existing RL
Decoupled
RL
Cost per Day per Truck 350 350
Crates carried as per existing RL 93.6 115.20
Breakage 8.424 5.76
Cost per Crate 4.105 3.198
Savings per Crate in Supply Chain 0.907
Existing Volumes 200000
Savings per Crate in Supply Chain 181400
COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS FOR GLOBAL OPTIMISATION
Based on our Assumptions the
total savings in the supply
chain are around Rs 180000/-
Assumption : Under the
proposed Decoupled Network
truck load utilization would
increase due to pooling of
resources
Distance under the new route
remains the same
11. Rationale for Decoupling Forward & Reverse channels
• Different Actors in forward and Reverse Logistics
• Reverse Logistics : Specialised expertise
• Difference in Nature of supply chains
• Increased flexibility for the downstream supply partner(Retailer)
• Leveraging economies of scale by 3PL
• Difference in handling of collections vis-à-vis deliveries
• Flexibility in increasing the rate of retrieval of empty bottles
• Integration with specialized Marketing Research partners for processing real time customer feedback
Efficient
Supply
chain
Responsiv
e Supply
Chain
Risk
Hedging
Supply
Chain
Agile
Supply
Chain
Supplyuncertainty
LowHigh
Demand Uncertainty
Low High
IIMK | SCM | Section A | Group 2
Use of I.T.
• Current SCM enterprise software
doesn’t include reverse logistics
• Cant monitor the status of their
returns
• Measure not incorporated: return
rates, recovery rates, and returns
inventory turnover
Plant Capacity:-1 Lot or 1 Batch is prepared bottled in 2 days.1Lot =24000 crates,1 crate=24 bottles
The ‘reverse risk hedging supply’ chain (high supply uncertainty, low demand uncertainty). Auto industry parts and basic electronic goods also follow this strategy due to the unpredictable supply from consumers in the reverse channel. The products also go back to the manufacturers and not to a secondary channel. This strategy of reverse risk hedging should utilize sharing of resources to bring back these products i.e. Outsourcing to a 3PL as an industry.
