This document provides information about PepsiCo's supply chain management processes. It discusses PepsiCo's operations in India, including that it has 43 bottling plants in India and generates over 60,000 indirect jobs. It then describes the stages of a supply chain from supplier to customer. For Pepsi specifically, it outlines the raw materials used, locations of bottling operations, and flow of material, money, and information through the supply chain from plants to retailers to customers.
PepsiCo is an American multinational food and beverage corporation headquartered in New York. It was formed in 1965 through the merger of Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay. PepsiCo has 22 product lines that each generate over $1 billion in annual revenue. In 2012, PepsiCo reported annual net revenue of $43.3 billion. The company manages its inventory using techniques like FIFO and LIFO to reduce costs and downtime at production plants. PepsiCo also utilizes various transportation and logistics methods like private fleets and direct store delivery to distribute its products.
PepsiCo has a large global distribution and logistics operation to serve its diverse beverage and snack food brands. It uses several distribution systems like direct store delivery (DSD), broker warehouse distribution (BWD), and vending/food service (V&FS). DSD allows for timely delivery and merchandising while BWD is more economical for less perishable products. The report recommends further streamlining and integrating PepsiCo's distribution operations across brands to reduce costs. It also suggests expanding successful distribution models to emerging international markets.
PepsiCo has implemented supply chain management to efficiently satisfy customer demands. It links suppliers, manufacturing, and distributors. Previously, PepsiCo faced issues with non-just-in-time operations where production and purchasing managers optimized their own goals instead of the overall supply chain. However, PepsiCo now focuses on developing diverse, global supplier partnerships and innovative products to gain competitive advantages. Ramon Laguarta became CEO in 2018 and oversees PepsiCo's operations, strategy, and government affairs.
A ppt on PepsiCo. It includes sales and distribution management, Inventory management, production, transportation and logistics, Material Handling, warehousing, Supply chain management, Organizational Structure, Processes and Supply flow of materials used for the production.
The document provides information about PepsiCo's supply chain operations around the world. It discusses PepsiCo's brands and business segments in the Americas, Europe, and Asia/Middle East/Africa. It also describes PepsiCo's organizational structure, mission, vision, culture, and strategies. Additionally, it covers topics like PepsiCo's supply chain planning, operations, processes, competitive advantages, customer needs identification, demand uncertainty, supply chain capabilities, distribution channels, and forecasting methods.
PepsiCo has a collaborative supply chain management approach that focuses on integration and partnerships. It uses a direct-to-store delivery model where bottlers and distributors deliver products directly to retail stores. This ensures freshness and responsiveness. PepsiCo also partners with suppliers and retailers to better meet demands. It aims to have a diverse and globally accessible supplier network that follows its social and environmental standards. These collaborative efforts along with its brands and innovations allow PepsiCo to gain competitive advantages in the market.
Supply chain managenment of Pepsi.co IndiaMohsinAga1
PepsiCo is an American multinational corporation that manufactures and markets beverages and snacks. It generated $43.25 billion in revenue in 2021. PepsiCo entered India in 1989 and now has 43 bottling plants, generating direct employment for over 4,000 people. It plans to invest $150 million to expand its operations in India over the next two to three years. PepsiCo's supply chain involves sourcing raw materials like sugar and water, manufacturing products at bottling plants, and distributing finished goods to retailers through a network of primary, secondary, and tertiary distributors. Empty bottles follow the reverse flow back to bottling plants for cleaning and reuse.
Coca cola supply chain divided as parts for good supply chain ;all parts want to be good
Coca cola company gets in formations from this information they will decide the manufacturing quantity
For a better supply chain information follow and material follow want to be very efficient and affective
According to the information follow and orders they make plans about manufacturing .
They keep stock in warehouses for the demand and orders then company will distribute the stock for customers
PepsiCo is an American multinational food and beverage corporation headquartered in New York. It was formed in 1965 through the merger of Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay. PepsiCo has 22 product lines that each generate over $1 billion in annual revenue. In 2012, PepsiCo reported annual net revenue of $43.3 billion. The company manages its inventory using techniques like FIFO and LIFO to reduce costs and downtime at production plants. PepsiCo also utilizes various transportation and logistics methods like private fleets and direct store delivery to distribute its products.
PepsiCo has a large global distribution and logistics operation to serve its diverse beverage and snack food brands. It uses several distribution systems like direct store delivery (DSD), broker warehouse distribution (BWD), and vending/food service (V&FS). DSD allows for timely delivery and merchandising while BWD is more economical for less perishable products. The report recommends further streamlining and integrating PepsiCo's distribution operations across brands to reduce costs. It also suggests expanding successful distribution models to emerging international markets.
PepsiCo has implemented supply chain management to efficiently satisfy customer demands. It links suppliers, manufacturing, and distributors. Previously, PepsiCo faced issues with non-just-in-time operations where production and purchasing managers optimized their own goals instead of the overall supply chain. However, PepsiCo now focuses on developing diverse, global supplier partnerships and innovative products to gain competitive advantages. Ramon Laguarta became CEO in 2018 and oversees PepsiCo's operations, strategy, and government affairs.
A ppt on PepsiCo. It includes sales and distribution management, Inventory management, production, transportation and logistics, Material Handling, warehousing, Supply chain management, Organizational Structure, Processes and Supply flow of materials used for the production.
The document provides information about PepsiCo's supply chain operations around the world. It discusses PepsiCo's brands and business segments in the Americas, Europe, and Asia/Middle East/Africa. It also describes PepsiCo's organizational structure, mission, vision, culture, and strategies. Additionally, it covers topics like PepsiCo's supply chain planning, operations, processes, competitive advantages, customer needs identification, demand uncertainty, supply chain capabilities, distribution channels, and forecasting methods.
PepsiCo has a collaborative supply chain management approach that focuses on integration and partnerships. It uses a direct-to-store delivery model where bottlers and distributors deliver products directly to retail stores. This ensures freshness and responsiveness. PepsiCo also partners with suppliers and retailers to better meet demands. It aims to have a diverse and globally accessible supplier network that follows its social and environmental standards. These collaborative efforts along with its brands and innovations allow PepsiCo to gain competitive advantages in the market.
Supply chain managenment of Pepsi.co IndiaMohsinAga1
PepsiCo is an American multinational corporation that manufactures and markets beverages and snacks. It generated $43.25 billion in revenue in 2021. PepsiCo entered India in 1989 and now has 43 bottling plants, generating direct employment for over 4,000 people. It plans to invest $150 million to expand its operations in India over the next two to three years. PepsiCo's supply chain involves sourcing raw materials like sugar and water, manufacturing products at bottling plants, and distributing finished goods to retailers through a network of primary, secondary, and tertiary distributors. Empty bottles follow the reverse flow back to bottling plants for cleaning and reuse.
Coca cola supply chain divided as parts for good supply chain ;all parts want to be good
Coca cola company gets in formations from this information they will decide the manufacturing quantity
For a better supply chain information follow and material follow want to be very efficient and affective
According to the information follow and orders they make plans about manufacturing .
They keep stock in warehouses for the demand and orders then company will distribute the stock for customers
This document provides an overview of PepsiCo including its product lines, manufacturing process, distribution channels, competitors, and opportunities in Pakistan. Key points include:
1) PepsiCo produces beverages, snacks, and foods and has a wide product portfolio including Pepsi, Mountain Dew, Frito Lay chips, and Tropicana juices.
2) Pepsi products are manufactured through a process of mixing syrup, carbonated water, sugar, and flavors before filling and packaging.
3) Pepsi uses various distribution channels in Pakistan including direct store delivery and broker-warehouse networks to deliver products to retailers and consumers.
The document describes a proposed information system for PepsiCo's supply chain management in Hyderabad, Pakistan. It discusses:
- Current issues with the manual system like time wasted, unreliable data, and high costs
- Objectives of the new MIS like reducing waste, increasing sales and customer satisfaction
- The system development life cycle phases including planning, analysis, design, implementation and use
- Key aspects of each phase like defining problems and objectives, organizing teams, designing inputs/processes/outputs
- Evaluating alternatives for hardware, software, and selecting optimal configurations
The proposed system aims to automate PepsiCo's supply chain and inventory management through a web-based information system.
The document summarizes the process of making Pepsi soft drinks. It discusses Pepsi's company introduction and history. It then describes the plant layout selection in Kerala, India, citing reasons like availability of pure water and cheap labor. It also discusses why Pepsi was briefly banned in Kerala in 2006 for various political and economic reasons. Finally, it provides an overview of the raw materials used and manufacturing process to produce Pepsi soft drinks.
The Coca-Cola Company is the world's largest beverage company, serving over 1.8 billion drinks per day across over 200 countries. It operates through a complex global supply chain network of bottlers to deliver drinks within a few hundred miles of customers. Coca-Cola implements just-in-time and quality management strategies through its supply chain to efficiently produce and locally deliver over 3,500 beverage products while maintaining a responsive, agile system.
Varun Beverages Pvt. Ltd. is a franchisee of PepsiCo beverages in Nepal. It has a manufacturing plant in Kathmandu with 500 employees. The plant produces carbonated drinks like Pepsi, 7Up, and Mountain Dew as well as non-carbonated drinks like Tropicana and Mirinda. The internship summary describes the company's production processes including syrup preparation, blowing, filling, and packaging lines. It also discusses the plant's utilities like water treatment, power generation, air compression, and quality control procedures. The intern makes recommendations to improve production tracking, health and safety, and maintenance management.
This document provides an overview of PepsiCo's strategic management perspective. It includes sections on the company profile, product profile, organizational structure, and environmental scanning. Some key points:
- PepsiCo is a global food and beverage corporation based in New York with over $66 billion in revenue and 274,000+ employees worldwide.
- It has four business units that handle operations in different regions.
- PepsiCo's portfolio includes brands like Pepsi, Frito-Lay, Gatorade, Tropicana, and Quaker.
- Environmental scanning examines the company's internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats in its industry using tools like Porter's 5 Forces and
PepsiCo is a Fortune 500 company headquartered in New York that manufactures and markets beverages and snacks. Its main product is Pepsi Cola, which sells over 100 billion cans per year. PepsiCo was formed through mergers and acquisitions of brands like Frito-Lay, Quaker Oats, Gatorade, Tropicana, and others. It operates globally with products in nearly 200 countries and regions. Indra Nooyi has been CEO since 2006 and has focused on healthier products and sustainability. PepsiCo is organized into divisions for Americas Foods, Americas Beverages, and International markets.
- Seven-Eleven Japan was established in 1973 and managed by Southland corporation until 1991 when it was taken over by Ito-Yokado Group.
- In 2004, convenience stores in Japan and the US contributed 48.2% of IYG's total revenue, with Seven-Eleven Japan alone contributing 87.6% of operating income from convenience stores.
- Seven-Eleven Japan had core strengths in information systems and distribution systems to support over 10,000 stores with daily sales averaging 647,000 yen compared to 484,000 yen for competitors.
Nestlé is the world's largest food and beverage company operating 435 factories across 35 countries. It has a global supply chain network sourcing key ingredients like coffee, cocoa, milk and sugar. Nestlé implements quality management systems and provides technical training to farmers to ensure product quality. Its distribution network includes over 1600 warehouses and uses IT tools for inventory management and seamless information flow. Britannia is India's second largest biscuit manufacturer focusing on cost effectiveness through scale, technology and waste reduction. It sources some materials locally and imports others like palm oil. Britannia uses an intensive distribution strategy through retail and institutional channels.
Sales And Distribution Strategy Of PepsiCoSuryadev Maity
SMV Beverages Pvt. Ltd is a beverage company located in Odisha, India that was incorporated in 1967. Their mission is to produce beverages and provide financial returns to investors while supporting employees, partners, and local communities. They have a production capacity of 46 lakh crates annually and distribute products like Pepsi, Mirinda, 7Up and Mountain Dew across Odisha through direct delivery to retailers and indirect delivery through distributors and dealers. Their distribution network includes depots, routes, vehicles and sales representatives that aim to deliver 1200 crates per day to retailers in Cuttack city.
Supply Chain Management of TOYOTA.......case study by sabio bernard.Sabio Bernard
Toyota is a global auto manufacturer known for its lean manufacturing system called the Toyota Production System (TPS). TPS was developed to improve quality and productivity with the goal of efficiently producing vehicles for customers. Toyota has a global strategy of opening factories in each market it serves and designing plants with flexibility to export to other markets when local demand weakens. For its supply chain, Toyota must address questions around plant location, capacity, market allocation, and product design flexibility to facilitate efficient global manufacturing and distribution.
This document summarizes Pepsi's marketing strategy in Pakistan. It discusses Pepsi's history and introduction to Pakistan in 1971. It then covers Pepsi's product strategy, positioning, pricing, distribution, promotions, competition and target marketing. Pepsi dominates 53% of the Pakistani market but faces threats from competitors like Coca-Cola and health concerns. Opportunities exist in expanding rural distribution and developing new products.
Report on supply chain management of coca cola.Rizwan Khan
A supply chain is a network of manufacturers, suppliers, di
stributors, transporters, storage facilities & retailers that perform functions like procurement & acquisition of material, processing &transformation of the material into intermediate & finished tangible goods, & finally, the physical
distribution of the finished goods to intermediate or final customers.
The Coca-Cola Company is the world's largest beverage company, largest manufacturer, distributor and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups in the world and is one of the largest corporations in the United States. The company is best known for its flagship product Coca-Cola, invented by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton in 1886. The Coca-Cola formula and brand was bought in 1889 by Asa Candler who incorporated The Coca-Cola Company in 1892. Besides its namesake Coca-Cola beverage, Coca-Cola currently offers nearly 400 brands in over 200 countries or territories and serves 1.5 billion servings each day.
Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in stores, restaurants and vending machines internationally
The company operates a franchised distribution system dating from 1889 where The Coca-Cola Company only produces syrup concentrate which is then sold to various bottlers throughout the world who hold an exclusive territory.
The Coca-Cola Company is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. Its stock is listed on the NYSE and is part of DJIA and S&P 500. Its current president and CEO is Muhtar Kent
Pepsi developed a sales management strategy to increase revenue and customer satisfaction. They consider three main sales channels: traditional trade, modern trade, and on-premises. Pepsi uses indirect distribution and developed software called "Eagle Eye" to manage orders, deliveries, targets, and routes. Sales calls involve 10 steps like checking supplies, taking orders, and follow up. Pepsi divides territories geographically to provide intensive coverage, reduce turnover, evaluate performance, and manage expenses. They use qualitative and quantitative forecasting methods and set targets 22% higher than previous targets.
PepsiCo is an American multinational food and beverage corporation headquartered in New York. It was formed in 1965 through the merger of Pepsi-Cola Company and Frito-Lay. PepsiCo has since expanded its brand portfolio through acquisitions to include brands like Tropicana and Gatorade. The document then describes PepsiCo's beverage manufacturing process which involves delivering ingredients, washing and rinsing, mixing and blending, coding, filling, labeling, packaging, warehousing and delivering finished products.
This document provides an overview of PepsiCo and Pepsi. It discusses Pepsi's introduction in Pakistan in 1979 and its growth to a 72% market share despite initial challenges from Coca-Cola. The document outlines Pepsi's objectives in Pakistan, products, packaging, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, competitors and promotional strategies.
The McKinsey 7s model divides a company's organization into 7 key elements: strategy, structure, systems, shared values, skills, style, and staff. These elements are interdependent, so a change in one requires changes in the others. The model emphasizes that the "soft" elements like shared values, skills, style, and staff are harder to measure but provide the foundation for sustained competitive advantage. An effective strategy must be aligned with all the other 6 elements to provide strong results for the company.
7 Essential Projective Techniques in Marketing ResearchANOUC ALLAERT
The document discusses 7 projective techniques that can be used in market research: 1) The Trash and Treasure Box exercise where participants sort items into categories, 2) Collages where participants create images to represent their feelings on a topic, 3) The Magic Wand exercise where participants imagine 3 ideal improvements, 4) The Proust Questionnaire where participants associate brands with senses, 5) The Once Upon a Time storytelling technique, 6) The Goose Game progression exercise, 7) The Courtroom debate technique where groups argue different perspectives. The techniques are described as insightful ways to explore people's thoughts and feelings on various topics.
This document provides an overview of PepsiCo including its product lines, manufacturing process, distribution channels, competitors, and opportunities in Pakistan. Key points include:
1) PepsiCo produces beverages, snacks, and foods and has a wide product portfolio including Pepsi, Mountain Dew, Frito Lay chips, and Tropicana juices.
2) Pepsi products are manufactured through a process of mixing syrup, carbonated water, sugar, and flavors before filling and packaging.
3) Pepsi uses various distribution channels in Pakistan including direct store delivery and broker-warehouse networks to deliver products to retailers and consumers.
The document describes a proposed information system for PepsiCo's supply chain management in Hyderabad, Pakistan. It discusses:
- Current issues with the manual system like time wasted, unreliable data, and high costs
- Objectives of the new MIS like reducing waste, increasing sales and customer satisfaction
- The system development life cycle phases including planning, analysis, design, implementation and use
- Key aspects of each phase like defining problems and objectives, organizing teams, designing inputs/processes/outputs
- Evaluating alternatives for hardware, software, and selecting optimal configurations
The proposed system aims to automate PepsiCo's supply chain and inventory management through a web-based information system.
The document summarizes the process of making Pepsi soft drinks. It discusses Pepsi's company introduction and history. It then describes the plant layout selection in Kerala, India, citing reasons like availability of pure water and cheap labor. It also discusses why Pepsi was briefly banned in Kerala in 2006 for various political and economic reasons. Finally, it provides an overview of the raw materials used and manufacturing process to produce Pepsi soft drinks.
The Coca-Cola Company is the world's largest beverage company, serving over 1.8 billion drinks per day across over 200 countries. It operates through a complex global supply chain network of bottlers to deliver drinks within a few hundred miles of customers. Coca-Cola implements just-in-time and quality management strategies through its supply chain to efficiently produce and locally deliver over 3,500 beverage products while maintaining a responsive, agile system.
Varun Beverages Pvt. Ltd. is a franchisee of PepsiCo beverages in Nepal. It has a manufacturing plant in Kathmandu with 500 employees. The plant produces carbonated drinks like Pepsi, 7Up, and Mountain Dew as well as non-carbonated drinks like Tropicana and Mirinda. The internship summary describes the company's production processes including syrup preparation, blowing, filling, and packaging lines. It also discusses the plant's utilities like water treatment, power generation, air compression, and quality control procedures. The intern makes recommendations to improve production tracking, health and safety, and maintenance management.
This document provides an overview of PepsiCo's strategic management perspective. It includes sections on the company profile, product profile, organizational structure, and environmental scanning. Some key points:
- PepsiCo is a global food and beverage corporation based in New York with over $66 billion in revenue and 274,000+ employees worldwide.
- It has four business units that handle operations in different regions.
- PepsiCo's portfolio includes brands like Pepsi, Frito-Lay, Gatorade, Tropicana, and Quaker.
- Environmental scanning examines the company's internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats in its industry using tools like Porter's 5 Forces and
PepsiCo is a Fortune 500 company headquartered in New York that manufactures and markets beverages and snacks. Its main product is Pepsi Cola, which sells over 100 billion cans per year. PepsiCo was formed through mergers and acquisitions of brands like Frito-Lay, Quaker Oats, Gatorade, Tropicana, and others. It operates globally with products in nearly 200 countries and regions. Indra Nooyi has been CEO since 2006 and has focused on healthier products and sustainability. PepsiCo is organized into divisions for Americas Foods, Americas Beverages, and International markets.
- Seven-Eleven Japan was established in 1973 and managed by Southland corporation until 1991 when it was taken over by Ito-Yokado Group.
- In 2004, convenience stores in Japan and the US contributed 48.2% of IYG's total revenue, with Seven-Eleven Japan alone contributing 87.6% of operating income from convenience stores.
- Seven-Eleven Japan had core strengths in information systems and distribution systems to support over 10,000 stores with daily sales averaging 647,000 yen compared to 484,000 yen for competitors.
Nestlé is the world's largest food and beverage company operating 435 factories across 35 countries. It has a global supply chain network sourcing key ingredients like coffee, cocoa, milk and sugar. Nestlé implements quality management systems and provides technical training to farmers to ensure product quality. Its distribution network includes over 1600 warehouses and uses IT tools for inventory management and seamless information flow. Britannia is India's second largest biscuit manufacturer focusing on cost effectiveness through scale, technology and waste reduction. It sources some materials locally and imports others like palm oil. Britannia uses an intensive distribution strategy through retail and institutional channels.
Sales And Distribution Strategy Of PepsiCoSuryadev Maity
SMV Beverages Pvt. Ltd is a beverage company located in Odisha, India that was incorporated in 1967. Their mission is to produce beverages and provide financial returns to investors while supporting employees, partners, and local communities. They have a production capacity of 46 lakh crates annually and distribute products like Pepsi, Mirinda, 7Up and Mountain Dew across Odisha through direct delivery to retailers and indirect delivery through distributors and dealers. Their distribution network includes depots, routes, vehicles and sales representatives that aim to deliver 1200 crates per day to retailers in Cuttack city.
Supply Chain Management of TOYOTA.......case study by sabio bernard.Sabio Bernard
Toyota is a global auto manufacturer known for its lean manufacturing system called the Toyota Production System (TPS). TPS was developed to improve quality and productivity with the goal of efficiently producing vehicles for customers. Toyota has a global strategy of opening factories in each market it serves and designing plants with flexibility to export to other markets when local demand weakens. For its supply chain, Toyota must address questions around plant location, capacity, market allocation, and product design flexibility to facilitate efficient global manufacturing and distribution.
This document summarizes Pepsi's marketing strategy in Pakistan. It discusses Pepsi's history and introduction to Pakistan in 1971. It then covers Pepsi's product strategy, positioning, pricing, distribution, promotions, competition and target marketing. Pepsi dominates 53% of the Pakistani market but faces threats from competitors like Coca-Cola and health concerns. Opportunities exist in expanding rural distribution and developing new products.
Report on supply chain management of coca cola.Rizwan Khan
A supply chain is a network of manufacturers, suppliers, di
stributors, transporters, storage facilities & retailers that perform functions like procurement & acquisition of material, processing &transformation of the material into intermediate & finished tangible goods, & finally, the physical
distribution of the finished goods to intermediate or final customers.
The Coca-Cola Company is the world's largest beverage company, largest manufacturer, distributor and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups in the world and is one of the largest corporations in the United States. The company is best known for its flagship product Coca-Cola, invented by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton in 1886. The Coca-Cola formula and brand was bought in 1889 by Asa Candler who incorporated The Coca-Cola Company in 1892. Besides its namesake Coca-Cola beverage, Coca-Cola currently offers nearly 400 brands in over 200 countries or territories and serves 1.5 billion servings each day.
Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in stores, restaurants and vending machines internationally
The company operates a franchised distribution system dating from 1889 where The Coca-Cola Company only produces syrup concentrate which is then sold to various bottlers throughout the world who hold an exclusive territory.
The Coca-Cola Company is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. Its stock is listed on the NYSE and is part of DJIA and S&P 500. Its current president and CEO is Muhtar Kent
Pepsi developed a sales management strategy to increase revenue and customer satisfaction. They consider three main sales channels: traditional trade, modern trade, and on-premises. Pepsi uses indirect distribution and developed software called "Eagle Eye" to manage orders, deliveries, targets, and routes. Sales calls involve 10 steps like checking supplies, taking orders, and follow up. Pepsi divides territories geographically to provide intensive coverage, reduce turnover, evaluate performance, and manage expenses. They use qualitative and quantitative forecasting methods and set targets 22% higher than previous targets.
PepsiCo is an American multinational food and beverage corporation headquartered in New York. It was formed in 1965 through the merger of Pepsi-Cola Company and Frito-Lay. PepsiCo has since expanded its brand portfolio through acquisitions to include brands like Tropicana and Gatorade. The document then describes PepsiCo's beverage manufacturing process which involves delivering ingredients, washing and rinsing, mixing and blending, coding, filling, labeling, packaging, warehousing and delivering finished products.
This document provides an overview of PepsiCo and Pepsi. It discusses Pepsi's introduction in Pakistan in 1979 and its growth to a 72% market share despite initial challenges from Coca-Cola. The document outlines Pepsi's objectives in Pakistan, products, packaging, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, competitors and promotional strategies.
The McKinsey 7s model divides a company's organization into 7 key elements: strategy, structure, systems, shared values, skills, style, and staff. These elements are interdependent, so a change in one requires changes in the others. The model emphasizes that the "soft" elements like shared values, skills, style, and staff are harder to measure but provide the foundation for sustained competitive advantage. An effective strategy must be aligned with all the other 6 elements to provide strong results for the company.
7 Essential Projective Techniques in Marketing ResearchANOUC ALLAERT
The document discusses 7 projective techniques that can be used in market research: 1) The Trash and Treasure Box exercise where participants sort items into categories, 2) Collages where participants create images to represent their feelings on a topic, 3) The Magic Wand exercise where participants imagine 3 ideal improvements, 4) The Proust Questionnaire where participants associate brands with senses, 5) The Once Upon a Time storytelling technique, 6) The Goose Game progression exercise, 7) The Courtroom debate technique where groups argue different perspectives. The techniques are described as insightful ways to explore people's thoughts and feelings on various topics.
Kevin Cummins Statistical Phenomenon 02-09-16Kevin Cummins
Joint Doctoral Program in Interdisciplinary on Substance Use Research for the Social Work Department Brown Bag Presentation (Undergrad Target Audience)
Measure personality by projective techniquefaraz cheema
Projective techniques are personality tests that use ambiguous stimuli like ink blots or pictures to reveal hidden emotions and conflicts. Four techniques are described: the Rorschach inkblot test uses symmetrical ink blots and asks subjects what they see; the Thematic Apperception Test shows pictures and asks for imaginative stories; the Time Machine Technique uses a stopwatch to imagine changing the past or future; and the Planets technique guides visualization of visiting imaginary planets to understand feelings and experiences.
This document discusses various models of consumer behavior including traditional models like the economic, learning, and psychoanalytic models as well as contemporary models like the Howard Sheth, Nicosia, Webster and Wind, and Engel, Blackwell and Minard models. It provides details on key aspects of each model such as their assumptions, variables, decision processes, and limitations. The economic model views consumers as rational decision makers seeking to maximize utility within constraints. The learning model examines how experiences shape consumer behavior. Contemporary models offer more holistic perspectives that integrate additional influences.
This document discusses Simpson's paradox and the importance of multivariate analysis. It provides two examples where initial bivariate analyses showed misleading relationships, but analyzing additional variables revealed the true relationships. Multivariate analysis methods help account for multiple relevant variables that may influence outcomes. They can provide a better understanding of data than single cross-tabulations and reduce the risk of spurious conclusions. The document outlines several multivariate analysis techniques that extend common univariate methods like correlation, regression, and ANOVA to account for interdependence among multiple variables.
Projective techniques are unstructured methods used in research where respondents interpret incomplete stimuli like words, sentences, or stories. There are two main types - association techniques that use words to elicit responses, and completion techniques that present incomplete sentences or paragraphs to be finished. While projective techniques can reveal underlying motivations and attitudes, they require trained interviewers, skilled interpretation, and there is a risk of incorrect interpretation. They work best for exploratory research when direct questions won't elicit accurate responses.
Projective tests such as the Rorschach inkblot test, Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), and House-Tree-Person (HTP) test use ambiguous stimuli like inkblots or pictures to reveal hidden emotions and unconscious conflicts by analyzing subjects' responses. The Rorschach and HTP involve drawing interpretations while the TAT and other tests involve telling stories about pictures. These tests are used to assess personality traits, intelligence, and psychological disorders but require administration by trained professionals and subjective interpretation carries some risk of bias.
Task: Define extensive problem solving, limited problem solving, and routinized response behaviour. What are the differences among the three decision-making approaches? What type of decision process would you expect most consumers to follow in their first purchase of a new product or brand in each of the following areas: (a) chewing gum, (b) sugar, (c) men’s aftershave lotion, (d) carpeting, (e) paper towels, (f) a cellular telephone, and (g) a luxury car? Explain your answers
Projective techniques are methods used in psychology to evaluate unconscious desires, fears, and motivations. They involve having subjects respond to ambiguous or incomplete stimuli, like words, sentences, pictures, or stories. It is believed the subjects will unconsciously project their own thoughts and feelings onto their responses. Some common projective techniques described in the document include word association tests, sentence completion tests, drawing tests, and analyzing autobiographical memories. Responses are analyzed both quantitatively by categorizing content, and qualitatively through descriptive interpretation. The overall goal is to gain insight into subjects' underlying personality characteristics, emotions, and mental state.
Projective techniques are indirect interview methods used in psychology to understand a respondent's underlying motives, attitudes, or feelings that they may not openly reveal. These techniques involve having respondents project their own unconscious perspectives when interpreting ambiguous stimuli like ink blots, pictures, or sentence/story completions. Some common projective techniques discussed in the document are word association tests, Rorschach ink blots, TAT pictures, role playing exercises, and sociometry which maps social relationships in a group. Projective techniques are useful for motivational and attitude research.
The document discusses several models of consumer behaviour, including Lawson's model of buying behaviour, factors that influence consumer behaviour, and the buyer decision process. It also covers behaviourist and cognitivist theories of consumer behaviour, and discusses models like the Engel-Kollat-Blackwell model, Howard & Sheth model, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs model.
This document discusses parametric tests used for statistical analysis. It introduces t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Z-tests. T-tests are used to compare means of small samples and include one-sample, unpaired two-sample, and paired two-sample t-tests. ANOVA compares multiple population means and includes one-way and two-way ANOVA. Pearson's correlation measures the strength of association between two continuous variables. Z-tests compare means or proportions of large samples. Key assumptions and calculations for each test are provided along with examples. The document emphasizes the importance of choosing the appropriate statistical test for research.
This document discusses several models of consumer buying behavior:
- Traditional models include the economic, learning, psychological, and sociological models.
- Contemporary models include the Howard-Sheth model, Nicosia model, Engle-Kollat-Blackwell model, EBM model, and organizational buying models.
- The Nicosia model explains consumer behavior as a system with stimuli as input and behavior as output across four fields: consumer/firm attributes, search/evaluation, purchase, and post-purchase.
Pepsico(tropicana) sales and distriutionSahil Khanna
PepsiCo's sales and distribution strategies in Delhi NCR are aimed at different market segments. For modern trade accounts, PepsiCo provides flexibility in order timing and quantity to large customers. Institutional accounts like hotels and restaurants are also a priority. The traditional trade involves smaller stores that are served by individual routes. PepsiCo uses distributors, route agents, and delivery agents to supply products through the distribution network from manufacturing plants to customers. Maintaining good relationships with retailers and distributors is important for the company.
The document provides an overview of Coca-Cola's sales and distribution management in India. It discusses the company's product lines, market share compared to Pepsi, and organizational structure for sales. Key aspects of the sales force include performance appraisal based on targets, incentives including cash rewards and trips, and training for new hires. The distribution network uses direct and indirect routes to stock products in grocery stores, restaurants, and convenience outlets. Distributors are responsible for collection, storage, and delivery of products to retailers. The document concludes with recommendations to improve customer feedback and retailer relationships.
Philip Morris Pakistan (PMPKL) is a subsidiary of Philip Morris International that manufactures and sells tobacco products in Pakistan. It has two factories and distributes products through a network of warehouses, distributors, and over 256,000 retailers. PMPKL uses a push strategy to sell all produced cigarettes and focuses on existing smokers rather than acquiring new customers. It aims to meet retailer demand through a sales force structure that moves products from the factory to distributors to retailers on a daily basis. PMPKL also works to optimize its supply chain costs and distribution incentives to motivate partners while ensuring product availability.
- Colgate Palmolive is India's leading oral care company headquartered in Mumbai. It produces toothpastes, toothpowders, toothbrushes, and mouthwashes under the Colgate brand and personal care products under the Palmolive brand.
- The company follows a five-level sales hierarchy and places great importance on staff training. It sets separate quotas and incentives for salespeople at each level to motivate target achievement.
- Colgate Palmolive uses a traditional distribution channel without overlapping intermediaries. It distributes products to retailers through a network of stockists and wholesalers using one, two, or three-level channels depending on the market. The distribution process is managed through an
Sudha Dairy produces and sells milk, milk products, and ice cream. It has a supply chain network that sources milk from village cooperatives and company-owned collection units, which is then processed at chilling plants and warehouses before being distributed to retailers through distributors. Sudha stocks 3 days worth of pasteurized milk to avoid stockouts and meet demand during festivals. It selects reliable distributors through a tender process and bases distribution locations on population and demand in the area to efficiently supply products through its channel partners.
This document provides information about Nestle, its products and distribution system in India. It discusses:
- Nestle was founded in 1867 and is now the world's largest food and beverage company.
- It employs 250,000 people globally and has operations in almost every country.
- In India, Nestle has various popular brands like Maggi, Nestea, KitKat and Milkmaid.
- It uses a decentralized distribution system with regional sales offices and distributors who supply retailers.
- The distribution channel involves manufacturers, C&F agents, distributors, super stockists, re-distributors and retailers to get products to customers. Target setting and incentives are used to motivate channel partners.
Nestle is the world's largest food and beverage company founded in 1867 in Switzerland. It employs over 250,000 people globally and has operations in almost every country. Nestle operates under a decentralized model where each country manages its own business. In India, Nestle sells a wide range of products from milk and nutrition to chocolate and coffee. It uses a multi-layered distribution network of distributors, super stockists, wholesalers and retailers to supply its products across India from its 7 manufacturing plants. Nestle provides training and incentives to motivate its channel partners.
This document summarizes a summer training project report on PEPSICO Refreshment beverages and Visi Coolers in the Nainital District of India. Key findings include:
- NIMBOOZ is a very popular local juice competitor to PEPSICO brands in HALDWANI.
- PEPSICO provides more retailer schemes than Coco-Cola but distribution is sometimes untimely and visi-cooler purity needs improvement.
- Suggestions center around improving availability, communication, training, addressing manpower shortages, and motivating retailers and salespeople.
1) Big Bazaar is a large retail chain in India owned by Future Group with over 250 stores. It uses a supply chain and logistics network to move products from vendors and manufacturers to regional distribution centers and then to stores.
2) Inventory is managed using a automated replenishment system to monitor stock levels. Different categories of products use different inventory management strategies like cycle counts for FMCG.
3) Stores are designed for easy navigation and visibility of products. Visual merchandising and pricing strategies aim to provide customers a convenient and low price shopping experience.
Wholesalers purchase goods in bulk from manufacturers and sell in smaller quantities to retailers. They bridge the gap between producers and retailers. Key functions include buying and storing goods, distributing to retailers, providing financial assistance to retailers, and gathering market information. Performance is evaluated based on metrics like achieving sales targets, secondary sales, stock levels, handling promotions, and timely reporting. Developing rural markets involves expanding outlet coverage, acquiring new accounts, tracking secondary sales, monitoring competition, and managing damaged goods.
This document discusses PepsiCo India's sales management and distribution systems. It outlines PepsiCo's 16 brands in India and major competitors. It then describes PepsiCo's various beverage delivery channels and sales techniques. The document also discusses challenges, distribution operations through different systems like Direct Store Delivery and Broker Warehouse Distribution. It notes problems faced and provides recommendations around supply chain and logistics.
FMCG industry is one the fastest growing industry and least affected by even Covid-19 (with some exceptions).
In this article we are going to discuss about how this industry overall , What are the Business Ideas opportunities and what are the things you need to consider before you jump into it?
Please note that this is not an exhaustive list of Business Ideas related to FMCG and they can be hundreds of more and some of the business ideas like masks and Sanitizers are intentionally not included.
GOPALJEE : TRANSFORMING TRADITIONAL SUPPLY CHAINSSARIN RAJU
Gopaljee is a large dairy company in India with an extensive supply chain network.
The supply chain involves procuring milk directly from farmers through a village cooperative society system. Over a thousand farmers sell milk daily at local centers, where it is weighed, tested, and farmers are promptly paid based on fat content. The milk is then quickly transported in chilled trucks to processing plants.
Gopaljee then distributes processed dairy products through a multi-level network of depots, wholesalers, distributors and retailers to consumers. They aim to ensure quality and timely deliveries while minimizing inventory through direct procurement and established transportation infrastructure.
The document provides a business plan for a proposed watermelon juice product called MelloMine. It outlines the raw materials, packaging options, company details including certifications and locations, vision, mission, and organizational structure. It discusses the product opportunity and competition in the market. The strategic, operational, marketing, and financial plans are described to launch the new product.
Channel institutions wholesaling
Functions of Wholesalers
Need for Wholesalers
Characteristics of Wholesalers
Difference with Retailers
Functions of Wholesalers
Types of Wholesalers
Limitations of Wholesalers
Major Wholesaling Decisions
Managing Distributors
Need for Distributors
Expectations from a Distributor
Cost of Servicing
Dealer
Distributor
Favourable Factors
UnFavourable Factors
Channel & distribution system of nestle india ltdGopal Kumar
An In depth Study on Sales & Distribution Management practices at Nestle India Ltd. Finding were counter analysis,distribution system and order taking.Suggestion was to have an efficient distribution system according to the counters
This presentation is based on the case of Machhi chips. In this case the young entrepreneur robin came up with the idea of introducing new product into Indian market. The case describes the challenges faced by him and the mistakes in marketing the product.
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2. About Pepsi
• PepsiCo, Incorporated (NYSE: PEP) is a Fortune 500,
American multinational corporation
• Headquartered in Purchase, NY with interests in
manufacturing and marketing a wide variety of carbonated
and non-carbonated beverages, as well as salty, sweet
and grain-based snacks, and other foods.
• PepsiCo founded in 1965 through the merger of Pepsi-
Cola and Frito- Lay.
• Revenue: USD 43.25 Billion.
• More than 1,85,000 employees.
3. About Pepsi-India
• Chairwoman, President & CEO: Indra Krishnamurthy Nooyi
• Available in nearly 200 countries and territories.
• It entered India in 1989
• Owns 43 bottling plants in India, 17 are company owned and 26
are franchisee owned.
• Generates direct employment for more than 4000 people in India
and indirect employment for 60,000 people
• Set up 8 Greenfield sites in backward regions of different states.
PepsiCo intends to expand its operations and is planning an
investment of approximately USD 150 million in the next two-
three years.
• Annual exports from India are worth over USD 60 million
4. • Supply chain management (SCM) is the management of a
network of interconnected businesses involved in the ultimate
provision of product and service packages required by end
customers.
• Supply Chain Management spans all movement and storage of
raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods
from point of origin to point of consumption.
• Definition an American professional association put forward:
“Supply Chain Management encompasses the planning and
management of all activities involved in sourcing, procurement,
conversion, and logistics management activities.”
• It also includes coordination and collaboration with channel
partners, which can be suppliers, intermediaries, third-party
service providers, and customers.
• In essence, Supply Chain Management integrates supply and
demand management within and across companies.
Supply Chain Management
6. • Cycle View of Supply Chain: There are five stages in a
supply chain (Supplier Manufacturer Distributor Retailer
Customer) and four supply chain process cycles (customer
order, replenishment, manufacturing, procurement cycle).
A Supply Chain Flow
7. A Supply Chain Flow
• Push/Pull View of Supply Chain:
– With push process execution is initiated in anticipation to a customer order.
Pepsi has a seasonal demand. Just in time concept is applicable in non-
seasonal period and not applicable in seasonal period. All processes that
are part of the procurement cycle, manufacturing cycle, replenishment
cycle, and customer order cycle are push processes.
– Pepsi Sales order and processing: The Shipping Manager receives sales
order from Sales Team, distributors through telephone, fax & email one
day before dispatch. The sales are made to base distributors on advance
payment against orders then shipping manager plans according to the
demand of distributors on daily basis.
8. 1. The Customer and Supply Chain Uncertainty
1. Identifying customer needs
2. Demand uncertainty and implied demand
uncertainty
3. Uncertainty for the capability of the supply chain
• Understanding the Supply Chain Capabilities
• Achieving the Strategic Fit
Supply Chain StrategySupply Chain Strategy
9. Supply Chain Flow- Pepsi
OUR PRODUCT IS PEPSI COLA 300ml GLASS BOTTLE
ChemburChembur
Manufacturing
plants in Maharashtra
Manufacturing
plants in Maharashtra
PaithanPaithanRohaRoha
One truck carries 9 tonnes which includes 550-700 crates (Primary
truck)
11. FOBO- Franchise
owned bottling
operations
FOBO- Franchise
owned bottling
operations
COBO-Company
owned bottling
operations
COBO-Company
owned bottling
operations
Bottling Operations
are of 2 types
Bottling Operations
are of 2 types
In India , out of 43 bottling operations 17 are COBO and the rest are FOBO.
12. Supply Chain Flow- Pepsi
Raw Materials
Used for Pepsi
Raw Materials
Used for Pepsi
Carbonated
water
Carbonated
water SugarSugar Citric acidCitric acid AdditivesAdditives FlavoringsFlavoringsEmulsionsEmulsions
Raw Materials
Used for
Bottles
Raw Materials
Used for
Bottles
SugarSugar
GlassGlass SilicaSilica AluminiumAluminium
15. Organized Sales
• CnF (group of workers namely loaders, de-loaders, salesmen
work per CnF) There are 13 CnFs in Pune
• Distributor
– 70 manpower with distributor
– Distributor supplies to 4000-4500 outlets
• He supplies in 11 routes with the help of 11 vehicles
• 10 vehicles for organized sale
• 1 for direct sale
• Secondary trucks under the supervision of the driver deliver the material to
the retailer
• Distributors have 3 days stock as back up with them in order of any
malfunctioning of the plant or other such external factors.
• Retailers
16. Direct Sales
From CnF the secondary trucks leave for the semi urban and rural areas for
the direct sales of the materials . For each day truck consumes 6-7 L of diesel
per day. This kind of selling is not used for demand forecasting but still
generates huge amount of revenue that is why this practice is being followed
despite having various loopholes.
• One truck carries 3 tonnes which includes 144 crates
• Each crate consists of 24 bottles
• Crate weighs 14.4 kg in case on 200ml full bottle
• Crate weighs 18 kg in case on 300ml full bottle
• Height of 300ml bottle -22cm
• Weight of 300ml bottle-700gms when full
• Weight of 300ml bottle-400gms when empty
17. Reverse Flow
The empty bottles are picked by the secondary trucks
from the retailers and brought back to the CnF.
The primary trucks carry the empty bottles further to
the bottling plant where the bottles are cleaned and
reused.
19. FLOW OF MONEY
Organized SalesOrganized Sales Direct SalesDirect Sales
A Pre Sales Representative (PSR) takes
the order from the retailer thrice a week.
Direct sales representative (DSR) delivers the
order the very next day.
The money is paid by
the retailer to the DSR at the time of delivery.
The money is paid by the retailer to the
Driver at the time of delivery.
The payment is made in cash.
•All expenses are borne by distributor but are
later reimbursed by company
•Rs 170 for each crate of 200 ml bottles
•Rs 218 for each crate of 300ml
•Empty bottle costs Rs.3-6 each
•TheThe retailer gets a margin of Re 1retailer gets a margin of Re 1
20. FLOW OF INFORMATION
Sales ManagerSales Manager
Territory Development
Manager
Territory Development
Manager
Customer ExecutiveCustomer Executive
Direct Sales
Representative
Direct Sales
Representative
Pre Sales
Representative
Pre Sales
Representative
21. FLOW OF INFORMATION contd
• The customers of the Company are divided into different
categories and different routes, and every salesman is
assigned to one particular route which is to be followed by
him on a daily basis.
• 11 PSR- 2-3 extra- they reach out to 30-32 outlets a day
• 11 DSR- 2-3 extra
• Monthly target for PSR is 2500-3500(in season), 1500-
1800(off season)
– Incentives are based n these targets
– They should achieve an annual growth of minimum 20%
– For every 20% growth, an increase of Rs.3000 in salary
22. • Key Accounts: The customers in this category collectively contribute a
large chunk of the total sales of the Company. It basically consists of
organizations that buy large quantities of a product in one single
transaction. The Company provides goods to these customers on credit,
payments being made by them after a certain period of time i.e. either a
month of half a month.
• Examples: Clubs, fine dine restaurants, hotels, Corporate houses
• Future Consumption: This route consists of outlets of Pepsi products,
wherein a considerable amount of stock is kept in order to use for future
consumption. The stock does not exhaust within a day or two, instead as
and when required stocks are stacked up by them so as to avoid shortage or
non-availability of the product.
• Examples: Departmental stores, Super markets etc.
FLOW OF INFORMATION contd
23. • Immediate Consumption: The outlets in this route are those which
require stocks on a daily basis. The stocks of products in these outlets
are not stored for future use instead, are exhausted on the same day
and might run a little into the next day i.e. the products are consumed
at a fast pace.
• Examples: Small sized bars and restaurants, educational institutions
etc.
• General: Under this route, all the outlets that come in a particular area
or an area along with its neighboring areas are catered to. The
consumption period is not taken into consideration in this particular
route.
24. Source of Information- Pashankar Beverages
• Harish Chandra, CE(Customer Executive)
• Viran Talwar, DSR
• Nilesh Katarnavre, DSR
At the end of this presentation, you should:
Know the variables that shape the environment of marketing strategy planning.
Understand why company objectives are important in guiding marketing strategy planning.
See how the resources of a firm affect the search for opportunities.
Know how the different kinds of competitive situations affect strategy planning.
Understand how the economic and technological environment can affect strategy planning.
At the end of this presentation, you should:
Know the variables that shape the environment of marketing strategy planning.
Understand why company objectives are important in guiding marketing strategy planning.
See how the resources of a firm affect the search for opportunities.
Know how the different kinds of competitive situations affect strategy planning.
Understand how the economic and technological environment can affect strategy planning.
At the end of this presentation, you should:
Know why you might be sent to prison if you ignore the political and legal environment.
Understand how to screen and evaluate marketing strategy opportunities.
Summary Overview
The five basic areas of the marketing environment are shown in this diagram. Marketers should consider each area and how each area interacts with the others when planning strategies.
Key Issues
Direct market environment: customers, the resources and objectives of the company, and the firms’ competitors.
External market environment: the economic environment, the technological environment, the political and legal environment, and the cultural and social environment.
Marketers make decisions about the 4Ps in the context of the environment.
Discussion Question: How is it that a marketer can influence, but not directly control, the environment? Give an example.
Marketers must continually scan the environment and search for potential opportunities and threats.
Summary Overview
The five basic areas of the marketing environment are shown in this diagram. Marketers should consider each area and how each area interacts with the others when planning strategies.
Key Issues
Direct market environment: customers, the resources and objectives of the company, and the firms’ competitors.
External market environment: the economic environment, the technological environment, the political and legal environment, and the cultural and social environment.
Marketers make decisions about the 4Ps in the context of the environment.
Discussion Question: How is it that a marketer can influence, but not directly control, the environment? Give an example.
Marketers must continually scan the environment and search for potential opportunities and threats.
Summary Overview
The five basic areas of the marketing environment are shown in this diagram. Marketers should consider each area and how each area interacts with the others when planning strategies.
Key Issues
Direct market environment: customers, the resources and objectives of the company, and the firms’ competitors.
External market environment: the economic environment, the technological environment, the political and legal environment, and the cultural and social environment.
Marketers make decisions about the 4Ps in the context of the environment.
Discussion Question: How is it that a marketer can influence, but not directly control, the environment? Give an example.
Marketers must continually scan the environment and search for potential opportunities and threats.
Summary Overview
The five basic areas of the marketing environment are shown in this diagram. Marketers should consider each area and how each area interacts with the others when planning strategies.
Key Issues
Direct market environment: customers, the resources and objectives of the company, and the firms’ competitors.
External market environment: the economic environment, the technological environment, the political and legal environment, and the cultural and social environment.
Marketers make decisions about the 4Ps in the context of the environment.
Discussion Question: How is it that a marketer can influence, but not directly control, the environment? Give an example.
Marketers must continually scan the environment and search for potential opportunities and threats.
Summary Overview
The five basic areas of the marketing environment are shown in this diagram. Marketers should consider each area and how each area interacts with the others when planning strategies.
Key Issues
Direct market environment: customers, the resources and objectives of the company, and the firms’ competitors.
External market environment: the economic environment, the technological environment, the political and legal environment, and the cultural and social environment.
Marketers make decisions about the 4Ps in the context of the environment.
Discussion Question: How is it that a marketer can influence, but not directly control, the environment? Give an example.
Marketers must continually scan the environment and search for potential opportunities and threats.
Summary Overview
The five basic areas of the marketing environment are shown in this diagram. Marketers should consider each area and how each area interacts with the others when planning strategies.
Key Issues
Direct market environment: customers, the resources and objectives of the company, and the firms’ competitors.
External market environment: the economic environment, the technological environment, the political and legal environment, and the cultural and social environment.
Marketers make decisions about the 4Ps in the context of the environment.
Discussion Question: How is it that a marketer can influence, but not directly control, the environment? Give an example.
Marketers must continually scan the environment and search for potential opportunities and threats.
Summary Overview
The five basic areas of the marketing environment are shown in this diagram. Marketers should consider each area and how each area interacts with the others when planning strategies.
Key Issues
Direct market environment: customers, the resources and objectives of the company, and the firms’ competitors.
External market environment: the economic environment, the technological environment, the political and legal environment, and the cultural and social environment.
Marketers make decisions about the 4Ps in the context of the environment.
Discussion Question: How is it that a marketer can influence, but not directly control, the environment? Give an example.
Marketers must continually scan the environment and search for potential opportunities and threats.
Summary Overview
The five basic areas of the marketing environment are shown in this diagram. Marketers should consider each area and how each area interacts with the others when planning strategies.
Key Issues
Direct market environment: customers, the resources and objectives of the company, and the firms’ competitors.
External market environment: the economic environment, the technological environment, the political and legal environment, and the cultural and social environment.
Marketers make decisions about the 4Ps in the context of the environment.
Discussion Question: How is it that a marketer can influence, but not directly control, the environment? Give an example.
Marketers must continually scan the environment and search for potential opportunities and threats.
Summary Overview
The five basic areas of the marketing environment are shown in this diagram. Marketers should consider each area and how each area interacts with the others when planning strategies.
Key Issues
Direct market environment: customers, the resources and objectives of the company, and the firms’ competitors.
External market environment: the economic environment, the technological environment, the political and legal environment, and the cultural and social environment.
Marketers make decisions about the 4Ps in the context of the environment.
Discussion Question: How is it that a marketer can influence, but not directly control, the environment? Give an example.
Marketers must continually scan the environment and search for potential opportunities and threats.
Summary Overview
The five basic areas of the marketing environment are shown in this diagram. Marketers should consider each area and how each area interacts with the others when planning strategies.
Key Issues
Direct market environment: customers, the resources and objectives of the company, and the firms’ competitors.
External market environment: the economic environment, the technological environment, the political and legal environment, and the cultural and social environment.
Marketers make decisions about the 4Ps in the context of the environment.
Discussion Question: How is it that a marketer can influence, but not directly control, the environment? Give an example.
Marketers must continually scan the environment and search for potential opportunities and threats.
Summary Overview
The five basic areas of the marketing environment are shown in this diagram. Marketers should consider each area and how each area interacts with the others when planning strategies.
Key Issues
Direct market environment: customers, the resources and objectives of the company, and the firms’ competitors.
External market environment: the economic environment, the technological environment, the political and legal environment, and the cultural and social environment.
Marketers make decisions about the 4Ps in the context of the environment.
Discussion Question: How is it that a marketer can influence, but not directly control, the environment? Give an example.
Marketers must continually scan the environment and search for potential opportunities and threats.
Summary Overview
The five basic areas of the marketing environment are shown in this diagram. Marketers should consider each area and how each area interacts with the others when planning strategies.
Key Issues
Direct market environment: customers, the resources and objectives of the company, and the firms’ competitors.
External market environment: the economic environment, the technological environment, the political and legal environment, and the cultural and social environment.
Marketers make decisions about the 4Ps in the context of the environment.
Discussion Question: How is it that a marketer can influence, but not directly control, the environment? Give an example.
Marketers must continually scan the environment and search for potential opportunities and threats.
Summary Overview
The five basic areas of the marketing environment are shown in this diagram. Marketers should consider each area and how each area interacts with the others when planning strategies.
Key Issues
Direct market environment: customers, the resources and objectives of the company, and the firms’ competitors.
External market environment: the economic environment, the technological environment, the political and legal environment, and the cultural and social environment.
Marketers make decisions about the 4Ps in the context of the environment.
Discussion Question: How is it that a marketer can influence, but not directly control, the environment? Give an example.
Marketers must continually scan the environment and search for potential opportunities and threats.