Pentium ii
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•559 views
The document provides details about the Pentium II processor, including its 64-bit data bus, 32-bit address size supporting 4GB of addressable memory, and dual integer pipelines. It describes changes in Pentium II such as moving the level 2 cache closer to the microprocessor to reduce costs and improve efficiency. Finally, it outlines new instructions for fast system calls and restoring MMX state that improved performance.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Pentinum 2
The document provides details about the Pentium II processor, including that it is part of the P6 family of processors and utilizes Intel's MMX technology. It has multiple low power states for energy efficiency and utilizes a multi-processing system bus like the Pentium Pro. The processor uses a 12-stage pipeline and superscalar architecture to achieve high clock rates. It has an L2 cache in a Single Edge Contact cartridge packaging and uses the same dynamic execution microarchitecture as other P6 family processors.
Architecture of 80286 microprocessor
The document discusses the Intel 80286 microprocessor. It was introduced in 1982 as the 5th generation of Intel's x86 family. It had several improvements over the 8086 including a faster clock speed of 12.5MHz, more transistors at 125K, and an advanced memory management system. The 80286 could address up to 16MB of memory and had two operating modes: real address mode for compatibility and protected virtual address mode for multitasking. It also introduced the ability to use virtual memory in protected mode.
486 or 80486 DX Architecture
The document describes the architecture and functional units of the Intel 80486 microprocessor. It discusses the following key points in 3 sentences:
The 80486 contains various functional units like the BIU, code prefetch unit, instruction decoding unit, execution unit, FPU, segmentation unit, paging unit, and cache unit. It has register organizations like general purpose registers, segment registers, instruction pointer, and flag registers. The 80486 also includes special purpose registers like segment descriptor cache registers, system level registers, FPU registers, debug registers, and test registers that control various functions.
A presentation on Evaluation of Microprocessor
This presentation summarizes the historical background of several major microprocessor companies, including Intel, IBM, AMD, and MIPS Technology. It discusses the evolution of microprocessors from early 4-bit processors like the Intel 4004 to more advanced 8-bit and 64-bit processors. For each company, it outlines some of the most notable microprocessor models released over the years, along with key details about their specifications and impact. The presentation concludes that the microprocessor has transformed computing and undergone rapid advancement from its initial conception to today's high-powered multiprocessor systems.
Number System
alll About Number Systems, learning of Conversion of ... Binary NS to Decimal NS, Octal NS, Hexa-Decimal NS ... Decimal NS to Binary NS, Octal NS, Hexa-Decimal NS ... Octal NS to Binary NS, Decimal NS, Hexa-Decimal NS ... Hexa-Decimal NS to Binary NS, Decimal NS, Octal NS
Lect 2 ARM processor architecture
ARM7 TDMI,ARM7, LOAD & STORE ARCHITECTURE, von Neumann & Harvard architectures,Register organization,PC,LR &SP are discussed, AMBA ARCHITECTURE .
https://youtu.be/MWgzBwH6cHY
Memory organization
Memory organization
Memory Organization in Computer Architecture. A memory unit is the collection of storage units or devices together. The memory unit stores the binary information in the form of bits. ... Volatile Memory: This loses its data, when power is switched off.
Microprogram Control
A microprogrammed control unit stores control signals for executing instructions in a control memory rather than using dedicated logic. It has four main components: 1) a control memory that stores microinstructions specifying microoperations, 2) a control address register that selects microinstructions, 3) a sequencer that generates the next address, and 4) a pipeline register that holds the selected microinstruction. Microprograms are sequences of microinstructions that are executed to carry out machine-level instructions. Microinstructions can implement conditional branching to alter the control flow.
Recommended
Pentinum 2
The document provides details about the Pentium II processor, including that it is part of the P6 family of processors and utilizes Intel's MMX technology. It has multiple low power states for energy efficiency and utilizes a multi-processing system bus like the Pentium Pro. The processor uses a 12-stage pipeline and superscalar architecture to achieve high clock rates. It has an L2 cache in a Single Edge Contact cartridge packaging and uses the same dynamic execution microarchitecture as other P6 family processors.
Architecture of 80286 microprocessor
The document discusses the Intel 80286 microprocessor. It was introduced in 1982 as the 5th generation of Intel's x86 family. It had several improvements over the 8086 including a faster clock speed of 12.5MHz, more transistors at 125K, and an advanced memory management system. The 80286 could address up to 16MB of memory and had two operating modes: real address mode for compatibility and protected virtual address mode for multitasking. It also introduced the ability to use virtual memory in protected mode.
486 or 80486 DX Architecture
The document describes the architecture and functional units of the Intel 80486 microprocessor. It discusses the following key points in 3 sentences:
The 80486 contains various functional units like the BIU, code prefetch unit, instruction decoding unit, execution unit, FPU, segmentation unit, paging unit, and cache unit. It has register organizations like general purpose registers, segment registers, instruction pointer, and flag registers. The 80486 also includes special purpose registers like segment descriptor cache registers, system level registers, FPU registers, debug registers, and test registers that control various functions.
A presentation on Evaluation of Microprocessor
This presentation summarizes the historical background of several major microprocessor companies, including Intel, IBM, AMD, and MIPS Technology. It discusses the evolution of microprocessors from early 4-bit processors like the Intel 4004 to more advanced 8-bit and 64-bit processors. For each company, it outlines some of the most notable microprocessor models released over the years, along with key details about their specifications and impact. The presentation concludes that the microprocessor has transformed computing and undergone rapid advancement from its initial conception to today's high-powered multiprocessor systems.
Number System
alll About Number Systems, learning of Conversion of ... Binary NS to Decimal NS, Octal NS, Hexa-Decimal NS ... Decimal NS to Binary NS, Octal NS, Hexa-Decimal NS ... Octal NS to Binary NS, Decimal NS, Hexa-Decimal NS ... Hexa-Decimal NS to Binary NS, Decimal NS, Octal NS
Lect 2 ARM processor architecture
ARM7 TDMI,ARM7, LOAD & STORE ARCHITECTURE, von Neumann & Harvard architectures,Register organization,PC,LR &SP are discussed, AMBA ARCHITECTURE .
https://youtu.be/MWgzBwH6cHY
Memory organization
Memory organization
Memory Organization in Computer Architecture. A memory unit is the collection of storage units or devices together. The memory unit stores the binary information in the form of bits. ... Volatile Memory: This loses its data, when power is switched off.
Microprogram Control
A microprogrammed control unit stores control signals for executing instructions in a control memory rather than using dedicated logic. It has four main components: 1) a control memory that stores microinstructions specifying microoperations, 2) a control address register that selects microinstructions, 3) a sequencer that generates the next address, and 4) a pipeline register that holds the selected microinstruction. Microprograms are sequences of microinstructions that are executed to carry out machine-level instructions. Microinstructions can implement conditional branching to alter the control flow.
History Of Microprocessors
This presentation was made for the subject of computer architecture and organisation for the understanding of evolution of microprocessors and their configurations
Intel processor family
This document discusses the evolution and key specifications of Intel microprocessors. It begins with an overview of microprocessors in general and Intel's role in their development. Key Intel processors are then outlined chronologically from the 4004 in 1971 to the present day Core i7. Each new generation introduced improvements like increased processing power, additional features, and reduced transistor size. The document provides concise details on the characteristics of important processors in Intel's history and how they advanced computing capabilities over time.
Introduction to intel 8086 part1
The document provides an overview of the Intel 8086 microprocessor. It discusses how microprocessor-based systems work and the evolution of computers from vacuum tubes to microprocessors. It then describes the architecture of the Intel 8086, including its registers, arithmetic logic unit, instruction set, addressing modes, memory segmentation, and interrupts. It also discusses the minimum and maximum operation modes of the 8086.
Pentium microprocessor
This PPT on Pentium microprocessor and it compare to the 8086 microprocessor. This slide is also contain the Pentium architecture.
Motherboard
The document discusses different types of motherboards. It describes four main types: XT, AT, baby AT, and ATX. The XT was an early motherboard with slot processors and no ports. The AT had PGA sockets, SD RAM, and PCI/ISA slots. Baby AT had features of both XT and AT. The current standard is ATX, which has MPGA sockets, DDR RAM, PCI/AGP slots, SATA connectors, and ports. The motherboard integrates all computer components and allows power distribution and communication between parts.
Instruction codes and computer registers
The document discusses instruction codes and computer registers. Instruction codes are made up of an opcode and address that tell the computer what operation to perform. Computer registers store important data and instructions, including the program counter, address register, instruction register, temporary register, data register, accumulator, input register, and output register. These registers perform functions like holding memory operands, instructions, temporary data, addresses, and input/output characters.
Architecture of pentium family
The document describes the architecture of the Pentium family processor. It discusses the Pentium processor's architecture including its 64-bit data bus, separate code and data caches, pipeline sequence, and superscalar execution using two pipelines. It also describes the Pentium's registers including the general purpose, segment, debug, and EFlags registers. Finally, it discusses the Pentium's bus description including the address bus, data bus, control bus, byte enables, and bus cycles.
Computer architecture and organization
The presentation given at MSBTE sponsored content updating program on 'PC Maintenance and Troubleshooting' for Diploma Engineering teachers of Maharashtra. Venue: Government Polytechnic, Nashik Date: 17/01/2011 Session-2: Computer Organization and Architecture.
Microprocesadores
Este documento describe la historia y características de los microprocesadores de Intel y AMD. Explica que los microprocesadores han evolucionado desde circuitos integrados simples en los 70s a chips multicore complejos de hoy en día. También compara las ventajas e inconvenientes de Intel frente a AMD en términos de rendimiento, precio y uso. Finalmente, concluye que los microprocesadores son componentes fundamentales en las computadoras y que continuarán mejorando gracias a avances como la nanotecnología.
Instruction Set Architecture
The document discusses instruction set architecture (ISA), which defines the interface between software and hardware. It describes ISA as specifying storage locations, operations, and how to invoke and access them. The document then compares ISA to human language and discusses program compilation. It outlines the basic instruction execution model of fetching, decoding, executing and writing instructions. The document also describes different types of instruction sets like stack, accumulator and register-set architectures. Finally, it contrasts complex instruction set computers (CISC) with reduced instruction set computers (RISC).
Microprocessor 80386
The 80386 microprocessor had two main versions - the 80386DX with a 32-bit address and data bus, and the 80386SX with a 24-bit address bus and 16-bit data bus. The 80386SX was developed later for applications that did not require the full 32-bit capabilities of the 80386DX. The 80386 supported protected mode which enabled virtual memory, paging, and memory protection in addition to the capabilities of the 80286. It had enhanced registers, addressing modes, and memory management compared to earlier Intel processors.
Dma transfer
The document describes the process of DMA transfer in a computer system. It explains that the DMA controller requests a transfer using the DMA request line and requests control of the buses from the CPU using the bus request signal. The CPU then grants control of the buses to the DMA controller using the bus grant signal, allowing the DMA controller to directly access memory and transfer data using the address bus, data bus, read/write lines, and device/register select lines. When the transfer is complete, the DMA controller interrupts the CPU.
Bus & Interface
The document discusses various types of computer buses and interfaces. It defines a bus as a collection of wires that transmit data between parts of a computer. The main parts of a bus are the address bus, data bus, and control bus. Internal buses like the front-side and backside buses connect the CPU to caches and memory. Expansion buses like PCI, PCIe, and USB connect external devices. PCIe uses serial connections of lanes to double the data rate of PCI. Interfaces connect different systems and devices, with common computer interfaces being parallel ports, serial ports, and USB.
Memory mapping
Cache memory is located between the processor and main memory. It is smaller and faster than main memory. There are two types of cache memory policies - write-back and write-through. Mapping is a technique that maps CPU-generated memory addresses to cache lines. There are three types of mapping - direct, associative, and set associative. Direct mapping maps each main memory block to a single cache line using the formula: cache line number = main memory block number % number of cache lines. This can cause conflict misses.
Pentium processor
The Pentium processor introduced in 1993 features a superscalar architecture that allows multiple instructions to be executed simultaneously. It has separate 8KB instruction and data caches and a 64-bit data bus. The Pentium uses dynamic branch prediction and out-of-order execution to further improve performance through superscalar design.
Advanced Processor Power Point Presentation
An advanced processor is a type of microprocessor that is designed to handle complex tasks and perform calculations at a high speed. These processors are typically used in high-performance computing applications, such as scientific research, artificial intelligence, and data analysis. They often have multiple cores and advanced instruction sets that allow them to process large amounts of data quickly and efficiently. Some examples of advanced processors include Intel's Core i9 and AMD's Ryzen Threadripper
intel core i7
Technical seminar on intel core i7 4th generation 5960x.
All you need to know from evolution to conclusion.
Memory Organization
This slide contains information about Memory and its parameters,Classification of memory, Allocation policies, cache memory, Virtual memory, Paging, Segmentation and pipelining
Intel Core I5
An i5 processor has either 2 or 4 cores, depending on the model. It provides the ability to perform multitasking by running two processor cores simultaneously. The turbo boost technology allows the i5 processor to increase its processing speed to handle intensive applications more efficiently. Compared to the i3 processor, the i5 has a higher clock speed and larger cache size, making it better suited for running more demanding tasks.
Timeline of Processors
It is a presentation on timeline of intel processors. How they evolved from 4004 to the core 1 series.
Intel Pentium Pro
Description of working procedure, memory structure and I/O of Pentium Pro, and differences with it's predecessor,successor and Intel 8086.
PENTIUM - PRO MICROPROCESSORS MP SY.pptx
The document summarizes key details about the Pentium Pro processor. It has an 8KB instruction cache and consists of components like an 8KB code cache, 8KB data cache, TLB, BTB, and integer/floating point pipelines. It features out-of-order execution, a wider 34-bit address bus, and built-in floating point. Later, multiple core processors like Pentium D and Core 2 Duo were introduced with dual or quad cores, each with their own execution unit and cache.
More Related Content
What's hot
History Of Microprocessors
This presentation was made for the subject of computer architecture and organisation for the understanding of evolution of microprocessors and their configurations
Intel processor family
This document discusses the evolution and key specifications of Intel microprocessors. It begins with an overview of microprocessors in general and Intel's role in their development. Key Intel processors are then outlined chronologically from the 4004 in 1971 to the present day Core i7. Each new generation introduced improvements like increased processing power, additional features, and reduced transistor size. The document provides concise details on the characteristics of important processors in Intel's history and how they advanced computing capabilities over time.
Introduction to intel 8086 part1
The document provides an overview of the Intel 8086 microprocessor. It discusses how microprocessor-based systems work and the evolution of computers from vacuum tubes to microprocessors. It then describes the architecture of the Intel 8086, including its registers, arithmetic logic unit, instruction set, addressing modes, memory segmentation, and interrupts. It also discusses the minimum and maximum operation modes of the 8086.
Pentium microprocessor
This PPT on Pentium microprocessor and it compare to the 8086 microprocessor. This slide is also contain the Pentium architecture.
Motherboard
The document discusses different types of motherboards. It describes four main types: XT, AT, baby AT, and ATX. The XT was an early motherboard with slot processors and no ports. The AT had PGA sockets, SD RAM, and PCI/ISA slots. Baby AT had features of both XT and AT. The current standard is ATX, which has MPGA sockets, DDR RAM, PCI/AGP slots, SATA connectors, and ports. The motherboard integrates all computer components and allows power distribution and communication between parts.
Instruction codes and computer registers
The document discusses instruction codes and computer registers. Instruction codes are made up of an opcode and address that tell the computer what operation to perform. Computer registers store important data and instructions, including the program counter, address register, instruction register, temporary register, data register, accumulator, input register, and output register. These registers perform functions like holding memory operands, instructions, temporary data, addresses, and input/output characters.
Architecture of pentium family
The document describes the architecture of the Pentium family processor. It discusses the Pentium processor's architecture including its 64-bit data bus, separate code and data caches, pipeline sequence, and superscalar execution using two pipelines. It also describes the Pentium's registers including the general purpose, segment, debug, and EFlags registers. Finally, it discusses the Pentium's bus description including the address bus, data bus, control bus, byte enables, and bus cycles.
Computer architecture and organization
The presentation given at MSBTE sponsored content updating program on 'PC Maintenance and Troubleshooting' for Diploma Engineering teachers of Maharashtra. Venue: Government Polytechnic, Nashik Date: 17/01/2011 Session-2: Computer Organization and Architecture.
Microprocesadores
Este documento describe la historia y características de los microprocesadores de Intel y AMD. Explica que los microprocesadores han evolucionado desde circuitos integrados simples en los 70s a chips multicore complejos de hoy en día. También compara las ventajas e inconvenientes de Intel frente a AMD en términos de rendimiento, precio y uso. Finalmente, concluye que los microprocesadores son componentes fundamentales en las computadoras y que continuarán mejorando gracias a avances como la nanotecnología.
Instruction Set Architecture
The document discusses instruction set architecture (ISA), which defines the interface between software and hardware. It describes ISA as specifying storage locations, operations, and how to invoke and access them. The document then compares ISA to human language and discusses program compilation. It outlines the basic instruction execution model of fetching, decoding, executing and writing instructions. The document also describes different types of instruction sets like stack, accumulator and register-set architectures. Finally, it contrasts complex instruction set computers (CISC) with reduced instruction set computers (RISC).
Microprocessor 80386
The 80386 microprocessor had two main versions - the 80386DX with a 32-bit address and data bus, and the 80386SX with a 24-bit address bus and 16-bit data bus. The 80386SX was developed later for applications that did not require the full 32-bit capabilities of the 80386DX. The 80386 supported protected mode which enabled virtual memory, paging, and memory protection in addition to the capabilities of the 80286. It had enhanced registers, addressing modes, and memory management compared to earlier Intel processors.
Dma transfer
The document describes the process of DMA transfer in a computer system. It explains that the DMA controller requests a transfer using the DMA request line and requests control of the buses from the CPU using the bus request signal. The CPU then grants control of the buses to the DMA controller using the bus grant signal, allowing the DMA controller to directly access memory and transfer data using the address bus, data bus, read/write lines, and device/register select lines. When the transfer is complete, the DMA controller interrupts the CPU.
Bus & Interface
The document discusses various types of computer buses and interfaces. It defines a bus as a collection of wires that transmit data between parts of a computer. The main parts of a bus are the address bus, data bus, and control bus. Internal buses like the front-side and backside buses connect the CPU to caches and memory. Expansion buses like PCI, PCIe, and USB connect external devices. PCIe uses serial connections of lanes to double the data rate of PCI. Interfaces connect different systems and devices, with common computer interfaces being parallel ports, serial ports, and USB.
Memory mapping
Cache memory is located between the processor and main memory. It is smaller and faster than main memory. There are two types of cache memory policies - write-back and write-through. Mapping is a technique that maps CPU-generated memory addresses to cache lines. There are three types of mapping - direct, associative, and set associative. Direct mapping maps each main memory block to a single cache line using the formula: cache line number = main memory block number % number of cache lines. This can cause conflict misses.
Pentium processor
The Pentium processor introduced in 1993 features a superscalar architecture that allows multiple instructions to be executed simultaneously. It has separate 8KB instruction and data caches and a 64-bit data bus. The Pentium uses dynamic branch prediction and out-of-order execution to further improve performance through superscalar design.
Advanced Processor Power Point Presentation
An advanced processor is a type of microprocessor that is designed to handle complex tasks and perform calculations at a high speed. These processors are typically used in high-performance computing applications, such as scientific research, artificial intelligence, and data analysis. They often have multiple cores and advanced instruction sets that allow them to process large amounts of data quickly and efficiently. Some examples of advanced processors include Intel's Core i9 and AMD's Ryzen Threadripper
intel core i7
Technical seminar on intel core i7 4th generation 5960x.
All you need to know from evolution to conclusion.
Memory Organization
This slide contains information about Memory and its parameters,Classification of memory, Allocation policies, cache memory, Virtual memory, Paging, Segmentation and pipelining
Intel Core I5
An i5 processor has either 2 or 4 cores, depending on the model. It provides the ability to perform multitasking by running two processor cores simultaneously. The turbo boost technology allows the i5 processor to increase its processing speed to handle intensive applications more efficiently. Compared to the i3 processor, the i5 has a higher clock speed and larger cache size, making it better suited for running more demanding tasks.
Timeline of Processors
It is a presentation on timeline of intel processors. How they evolved from 4004 to the core 1 series.
What's hot (20)
Similar to Pentium ii
Intel Pentium Pro
Description of working procedure, memory structure and I/O of Pentium Pro, and differences with it's predecessor,successor and Intel 8086.
PENTIUM - PRO MICROPROCESSORS MP SY.pptx
The document summarizes key details about the Pentium Pro processor. It has an 8KB instruction cache and consists of components like an 8KB code cache, 8KB data cache, TLB, BTB, and integer/floating point pipelines. It features out-of-order execution, a wider 34-bit address bus, and built-in floating point. Later, multiple core processors like Pentium D and Core 2 Duo were introduced with dual or quad cores, each with their own execution unit and cache.
Computer Organization: Introduction to Microprocessor and Microcontroller
This document provides information on microprocessors and microcontrollers. It discusses the key differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers, including that microcontrollers contain a processor core, memory and I/O pins on a single chip while microprocessors only contain a CPU. Examples of common microcontrollers and microprocessors are provided. The document also describes the functions, advantages, applications and architecture of microprocessors such as the Pentium. It provides details on the 8051 microcontroller including its 8-bit ALU.
Microprocessor
This document discusses microprocessors and how to identify them. It covers the key factors used to identify a microprocessor, including clock speed, front side bus speed, and L2 cache size. It then discusses different types of microprocessors such as those made by Intel, AMD, and those used for desktops, laptops, servers, and mobile phones. Specific Intel processor models are outlined, including their features.
ch2.pptx
This document provides information about the features and architecture of the Intel Pentium processor. It discusses the processor's superscalar design with dual integer pipelines, branch prediction using a branch target buffer, and separate instruction and data caches. It also describes the floating point unit's pipelined design. The document compares the Pentium to the Intel 80386, noting the Pentium's higher performance enabled by its superscalar design, on-chip caches, branch prediction, and 64-bit data bus. It briefly outlines additional performance features of the Pentium Pro such as its 14-stage pipeline, integrated L2 cache, and out-of-order execution capabilities.
Evolution of personal computing microprocessors and socs
This document provides a history of the evolution of personal computing processors from the Intel 4004 microprocessor to modern Intel Core processors. It describes the major advancements in processor architecture over time, including increased transistor counts, clock speeds, instruction sets, and performance optimizations like pipelining and superscalar designs. These advancements drove the widespread adoption of personal computers powered by Intel processors.
UNIT 2.pptx
The document discusses the features and architecture of the Pentium processor, including that it is a 32-bit superscalar microprocessor introduced in 1993 containing over 3 million transistors. It has separate 8KB caches for instructions and data and executes instructions through five pipeline stages, allowing for simultaneous execution of multiple instructions. The Pentium uses a superscalar architecture with two integer pipelines (U-pipe and V-pipe) that can concurrently execute independent instructions to improve performance.
Generations of Processors.pptx
The document summarizes the evolution of processors over several generations from the 1970s to the present. The first generation of processors used by IBM included the Intel 8086 and 8088 chips running at 4.77-6 MHz and able to address 1 MB of memory. Subsequent generations brought increased processing speeds, memory capacity, and functionality through the 1980s and 1990s. Dual and multi-core processors emerged in the 2000s to improve performance within the limits of rising power consumption and heat generation from higher clock speeds. Today's best consumer processors have up to 18 cores.
Chapter 2 v.1
This document discusses microprocessors and their components. It covers the working, parts, interfaces, types, evolution and designs of microprocessors. Specific microprocessors discussed include Intel Pentium, Celeron, Xeon, Itanium and AMD processors. The document also covers microprocessor packaging, sockets, speeds, voltages and multitasking capabilities. It provides timelines of major microprocessors and details various Intel and AMD processor models.
Presentation spd (1).pptx
1) A microprocessor is a central processing unit built on a single integrated circuit. It performs basic operations like addition and logical operations and can move data from one location to another.
2) A basic microcomputer system consists of an input/output unit, memory unit, and a microprocessor. The microprocessor fetches instructions from memory, decodes them, and executes them to provide output.
3) Microprocessors have evolved from 4-bit to 8-bit to 16-bit to 32-bit and now 64-bit. Early microprocessors like the Intel 4004 had only a few thousand transistors whereas modern 64-bit microprocessors can have over a billion transistors and execute billions of instructions per second.
Ieee Intel
The document summarizes the evolution of several Intel microprocessors from the 80186 in 1982 to the Pentium 4. It describes the key features and specifications of each processor including the Intel 80186, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium, Pentium II, Pentium III, and Pentium 4. Each generation brought improvements like increased memory addressing, inclusion of a floating point unit, larger caches, and support for new instruction sets.
Pentium
The document provides an overview of the evolution of Intel processors from early 16-bit processors like the 8086 and 8088 through to the Pentium processor. It describes the key features and architectural changes introduced at each generation, including protected mode and segmentation in the 286, 32-bit registers and virtual memory support in the 386, pipelining and caching in the 486, and superscalar processing and branch prediction in the Pentium.
Pentium
The document provides an overview of the evolution of Intel processors from early 16-bit processors like the 8086 and 8088 through to the Pentium processor. It describes the key features and architectural changes introduced at each generation, including protected mode and segmentation in the 286, 32-bit registers and virtual memory support in the 386, pipelining and caching in the 486, and superscalar processing and branch prediction in the Pentium.
8085
The document discusses the evolution of microprocessors from the Intel 4004 to the Intel Pentium IV. It begins with the first microprocessor, the Intel 4004 from 1971, and progresses through early 4-bit and 8-bit processors like the 8008, 8080, and 8085. It then covers the introduction of 16-bit processors like the 8086 and 32-bit processors such as the 80386, 80486, and various Pentium models. The document also includes block diagrams and descriptions of the architecture and features of the 8085 microprocessor.
8085
The document discusses the evolution of microprocessors from the Intel 4004 to the Intel Pentium IV. It begins with the first microprocessor, the Intel 4004 from 1971, and progresses through early 4-bit and 8-bit microprocessors like the 8008, 8080, and 8085. It then covers the introduction of 16-bit microprocessors like the 8086 and 32-bit processors such as the 80386, 80486, and various Pentium models. The document also includes block diagrams and descriptions of the architecture and features of the 8085 microprocessor.
CPUs
This document discusses the evolution of CPUs from early 8-bit processors through modern Pentium and AMD chips. It covers key aspects like packaging, speeds, features added over time, and how CPUs have become more powerful with each generation. Early CPUs included the 8088, 80286, 80386, and 80486, while modern CPUs discussed are Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Celeron, AMD K6, and Pentium III/IV chips. The document provides details on internal workings, specifications, and packaging of different CPU models over the years.
Pentium Architecture
The Pentium family of processors originated from the 80486 microprocessor and shares a common architecture and instruction set. The first Pentium processors were introduced in 1993 and ran at 60-66 MHz with 3.1 million transistors. Some key features of the Pentium architecture included a superscalar design that could issue multiple instructions per cycle, separate caches for instructions and data, and optimizations to run critical instructions faster than the previous 80486 processor. The Pentium processor had two main operating modes: protected mode for the highest performance and real-address mode for backwards compatibility with older software.
Ajal mod 1
The document discusses different types of embedded system hardware components. It describes microcontrollers, their memory architectures, and four common types - 8051, Renesas, AVR, and PIC microcontrollers. It also discusses the differences between microcontrollers and embedded processors. Pull-up and pull-down resistors are explained as a way to prevent microcontroller GPIO pins from assuming undefined states, and their use in embedded designs. Examples of embedded systems include mobile phones, automotive electronics, RFID, wireless sensor networks, robotics, and biomedical applications.
Mces MOD 1.pptx
The document discusses RISC design philosophy and how it relates to ARM processors. It aims to deliver simple but powerful instructions that execute in a single cycle at a high clock rate with reduced complexity handled by hardware. This allows for greater flexibility and intelligence to be provided in software rather than hardware. RISC follows four major design rules - reduced number of instructions, single cycle execution, fixed length instructions, and separate load/store architecture.
SOC Processors Used in SOC
The document discusses the PowerPC processor. It provides details about the IBM 405Fx PowerPC processor core such as its 32-bit RISC design, 5-stage pipeline, separate instruction and data caches, virtual memory management unit, timers, and debug support. The PowerPC architecture consists of the user instruction set architecture, virtual environment architecture, and operating environment architecture. The processor core contains the pipeline, cache units, MMU, timers, and interfaces to other functions.
Similar to Pentium ii (20)
Computer Organization: Introduction to Microprocessor and Microcontroller
Computer Organization: Introduction to Microprocessor and Microcontroller
Evolution of personal computing microprocessors and socs
Evolution of personal computing microprocessors and socs
Recently uploaded
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Artificial Intelligence for XMLDevelopment
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Microsoft - Power Platform_G.Aspiotis.pdf
Revolutionizing Application Development
with AI-powered low-code, presentation by George Aspiotis, Sr. Partner Development Manager, Microsoft
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy Survey
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software Fuzzing
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI models
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
“I’m still / I’m still / Chaining from the Block”
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptx
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
GraphSummit Singapore | Enhancing Changi Airport Group's Passenger Experience...
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
Everything I found interesting about the irresponsible use of machine intelligence in May 2024
Recently uploaded (20)
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...
GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI models
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI models
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptx
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptx
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
GraphSummit Singapore | Enhancing Changi Airport Group's Passenger Experience...
GraphSummit Singapore | Enhancing Changi Airport Group's Passenger Experience...
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
Pentium ii
- 1. PENTIUM II Name: Shruti koli Roll no: 47
- 2. OUTLINE: • Introduction to Pentium II • Pentium II software changes
- 3. INTRODUCTION TO PENTIUM II • Features : • Data bus size – 64 bit • Address size – 32 bit • Addressable memory – 4 GB • Processor size – 32 bits • Superscaler – yes • Integer pipeline stages – 14 • No. of integer pipelines – 2
- 4. ADDITIONAL CHANGES IN PENTIUM II 1. Cache in pentium II : • Level 1 cache was in Pentium pro • But the level 2 cache is now placed near the microprocessor. • This change makes the microprocessor less expensive. • Allows the level 2 cache to operate efficiently.
- 5. 2. Versions of Pentium 2: • Full-blown Pentium 2 – used for slot 1 connector. • Celeron – level 2 cache is located on the main board – operates at 66 Mhz. • Xeon – represents significant speed improvement. Pentium 2 Full-blown Pentium 2 Celeron Xeon
- 6. 3. Operating voltage of Pentium 2: • Earlier versions require a 5.0V, 3.3V and variable voltage power supply for operations. • Main variable power supply voltages vary from 3.5V to as low as 1.8V at the microprocessor.
- 7. 4. The memory system: • Size – 64 GB • It has 36–bit address bus • Memory system is divided into 8 or 9 banks. • 9 bank – Stores Error checking code.
- 8. 5. SYSENTER AND SYSEXIT INSTRUCTIONS : • Uses fast system call facility. • SYSENTER instruction uses some of the model-specified registers to store CS, EIP and ESP to execute a fast call to a procedure defined by the model specified register. • SYSEXIT instruction returns the control back to the application.
- 9. 6. FXSAVE AND FXRSTOR INSTRUCTIONS: • FXSAVE – Designed to store the state of the MMX machine. • FXRSTOR – used to restore the state of MMX machine.