Production Technology of Pea

1. COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE, BAGALKOTE
5-Apr-21 1
Dept. of VSC
Presented By
Sanmathi Naik A T S
1ST Ph. D (Hort.)
Department of vegetable science
COH, Bagalkot

2. LEGUMINOUS
VEGETABLES

3. PEA
Scientific name: Pisum sativum
Common name: Pea
Family: Leguminaceae/Fabaceae
Chromosome number: 2n=2X=14
Primary centre of origin: Central Asia
Secondary centre of origin: Near East
Ancestor: Pisum elatius

4. Biosystematics
Species
P. sativum L. (Garden pea)
P. arvense L. (Field pea)
P. elatius Stev. (Mediterranean pea)
P. abyssinicum Braun. (Abyssinian pea)
P. humile Boiss and Noe (Dwarf pea)
P. Fulvum Sibth and Sm. (Red yellow pea)

5. Area, Production and Productivity
All India data
Area
(Thousand Hectare)
Production
(Thousand Metric Tonnes)
Productivity
(Metric Tonnes/ Hectare)
540 5422 10
State wise leading producers
Uttar Pradesh (221.00) Uttar Pradesh (2511.38) Jharkhand (22.07)
Madhya Pradesh
(94.99)
Madhya Pradesh
(961.55)
Tamil Nadu (15.90)
Punjab (37.62) Punjab (394.00) Jammu And Kashmir
(12.93)
Horticultural Statistics at a Glance, 2018

6. Importance
 Tender pods are used as vegetable
 Field pea is grown for forage, fodder and green manure
purpose
 Rich source of digestible proteins (7%), along with
carbohydrates and proteins.
 Can be used in the preparation od soupe, canned,
processed or dehydrated.

7. Varietal wealth
Early group
Arkel
Pusa Pragati
Jawahar Matar 3
Jawahar Matar 4
Pant Matar 2
Hisar Harith (PH 1)
Ageta 6
Mid Season and Late group
Bonneville
Lincoln
Jawahar Matar 1
Jawahar Matar 2
Pant Uphar (IP3)
Punjab 88 (P 88)
VL 3
Mithi Phali
JP 19

8. a. Early Smooth Seeded
 Meteor
 Alaska
b) Early Wrinkled Seeded
 Arkel
 Early December
 Matter Ageta 6
 Palam Triloki
 VLAgeti Matar 7
c) Wrinkled-Seeded Main Season and Late
 Bonneville
 Lincoln
 Azad P-1
 P-88
 VL-3
 Solan Nirog (Sel. 8-1)
 Palam Priya (DPP-68)
 Punjab-89
 Palam Sumool
d) Round Seeded Main Season and Late
 Kanwari
e) Edible Podded Type
 Sylvia
 Oregone 523

9. Whole pod edible dual purpose Pea variety
1. Arka Apoorva Garden pea (Released by: IIHR, Bengaluru)
 Pisum sativum L. var. hortense also called sweet pea
 The pod walls are devoid of fibrous parchment layer
 Arka Apoorva is an improvement over Arka Sampoorna
 Midseason pea line, pod yield 10 to 11 t/ha in 90 days. It gives about 20 %
higher pod yield than Arka Sampoorna
 The pods are of dual purpose, can be used either as salad or in cooking and
also the fresh shelled peas can be used as in case of conventional green
peas

10. Soil and climatic conditions
 Well drained, loose and friable soil with
pH 5.5- 6.0.
 Cool season crop
 Winter vegetable in plains of North India
and Summer vegetable in hills
 Optimum mean monthly temperature: 10°-
18°C
 Optimum temperature for seed
germination: 22° C
 Round seeded are tolerant to high
temperature than wrinkle seeded
Season
 Plains: Oct to mid Nov
 Peninsular India: June-July
 Hills: Summer crop- March
 Autumn crop-May
Land preparation
 Ploughing the land
 Deep harrowing

11. Seed rate
 Early: 100-120 kg/ha
 Mid season: 80-90 kg/ha Seed treatment
 Soaking of seeds
 Seed soaking in GA3 10 ppm for 12
hours gives highest germination
 Seeds are inoculated with
Rhizobium culture in 10 per cent
sugar or gur solution
 To avoid fungal disease treated
with Bavistin (1g)+ Thiaram (2g)
Method of sowing
 Can be sown in flat or raised
beds either by broadcasting or
behind the plough
 Dibbling can also be done
 Spacing: 30 cm x 5-10cm

12. Nutrient requirement
15-20 tonnes of well decomposed farm yard
manure should be added 1 month earlier.
Basal dose of fertilizers: 24:40:50 NPK
Foliar application of 0.1% ammonium
molybdate at the time of flowering showed
favourable effect on yield and quality of pea

13. Water management
 It depends on the agro climatic condition and locality
 Light irrigation is given at an interval of 10-15 days.
 Flowering, fruiting and grain filling are critical stage.
 Irrigation after 70% water depletion throughout the
growth is beneficial for crop

14. Intercultural and weed
control
 3 litres per ha of basalin
controls most of the weeds
 Atrazin, Propazine or
simazine at rate of 1.5 kg/ha
and promethrin at 1kg/ha
Training and staking
 It should be done along the direction of wind
Growth regulators
 Spraying 15ml of 10M
solution of growth regulator
CCC at five node stage of
development has favorable
effect on growth and yield of
the crop

15. Harvesting
Early varieties: 50 days after sowing
Mid: 60-65 days after sowing
Late: 70-75 days after sowing
Pod maturity tested by tenderometer
Shelling percent: 35-50 %
Storage 0°C and 90-95% RH

16. Yield
Early varieties: 3-5 tonnes/ha
Mid-season varieties: 8-10 tonnes/ha
Late varieties: 12 tonnes/ha

17. Pests
 Stem fly ( Ophiomya sp.)
 Pea Aphid ( Acyrthosiphon pisum)
 Pea leaf minor ( Agromyza flaveola )
 Pod borer ( Heliothes sp.)
 Leaf minor can be controlled by spraying 0.1%
Monocrotophos at fortnight interval.
 Pod borers can be controlled by 0.2% Thiodon at flowering.

18. Diseases
 Powdery mildew ( Erysiphe polygoni)
 Root rot ( Uromyces sp.)
 Wilt (Fusarium sp.)
 Powder mildew can be controlled by spraying 0.1% dinocap
(Karathane)
 Rust can be controlled by spraying ( Mancozeb at 0.2%
 Root rot can be controlled by drenching with 0.2% captan or
bavistin

19. References
Text book of Vegetables, Tuber crops and
spices. S. Tamburaj and Narendra Singh.
Vegetable science and technology in India.
Vishnu Swaroop.