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Secondary Two
Topic: Bones and Joints
Sub Topic: Functions of
Skeleton
• Students will understand the functions of
the skeleton.
• Students will be able to list the four types
of bones and state an example for each
type.
• Long bones
• Short bones
• Flat bones
• Irregular bones
• One conversation
• No sleeping
• Putting of palm on whiteboard
• Class too noisy and need to quieten
down
Today’s Lesson
 Get into house level
 Each house will be required to
research on a type of bone and
present the findings during second
period
◦ Cypress – Long bone and its functions
◦ Jacaranda – Short bone and its functions
◦ Aspen – Flat bone and its functions
◦ Carova – Irregular bone and its functions
Before we start…
Which type of
bone is this?
This is the skeleton of our
hand
Ans.: Long
bone
Group Discussion
 At the end of the discussion, each
group will be an expert in the type of
bone assigned. Everyone in the group
must be able to:
◦ Describe the type of bone assigned.
◦ List an example of the type of bone
assigned.
◦ Name a function of the type of bone
assigned.
PRESENTATION TIME!
LONG BONE
Cypress House
Long Bone
 Bones that have diaphysis, epiphysis
and a hollow centre.
 Cylindrical in shape, which gives rise
to the name “long” bone.
 Need not be physically long.
 Eg. Phalanges (fingers), upper and
lower arms / legs, etc.
Long Bone
 Long bones generally used for actions
that require long range of movements,
eg. tossing of ball
◦ Act as a lever to efficiently bring about
rapid movement.
 Long bones also determine height,
shoe size, etc
Which are the long bones?
SHORT BONE
Jacaranda House
Short Bone
 Small and
squat.
 Spongy bone
covered with
a thin layer of
compact
bone.
 Light and
very strong.
Short Bone
 Provides
movement
which need
a range of
directions.
 Located
mainly at
wrist, ankle
and knee.
HOW MANY BONES ARE
THERE IN THE WRIST?
Ans.: 8
FLAT BONE
Aspen House
Flat Bone
 Characterised by the flatness and
large surface area.
 Spongy bone between 2 layers of
compact bone.
Flat Bone
 Protect delicate
organs.
 Give big surface
area for muscle
attachments.
 Examples:
Scapula (collar
bone), cranium
(skull), pelvis
(hip bone), ribs.
IRREGULAR BONE
Carova House
Irregular Bone
 Any shape of bone that does not fit
into the earlier 3 categories.
 Spongy bones inside, compact bone
outside.
Irregular Bone
 Shaped to suit the specific jobs.
 Example:
◦ Back bone (vertebrae) to protect spinal
cord, lower jaw (mandible) to hold the
teeth for chewing.
General Functions of Bone
 Shape
 Support
 Protection
 Movement
 Blood production
Functions of Bone – Shape
 The skeleton gives rise to the shape of
human by providing a framework.
 Without the skeleton, we will look like
a lump of flesh.
Functions of Bone – Support
 Keeps internal organs in place.
 Examples:
◦ Skull keeps brain in place.
◦ Chest cavity holds lungs and heart in
place.
 Provides point of attachment for
muscles.
Functions of Bone – Support
 Girl born almost without bone –
Janelly Martinez-Amador
Functions of Bone –
Protection
 Protect delicate organs.
◦ Ribs protecting lungs and heart.
◦ Skull protecting brain.
Functions of Bone –
Movement
 Muscles are attached to bones.
 Muscles contract and pull the bones,
which give rise to the movement.
Functions of Bone – Blood
Production
 Blood is produced in the marrow
cavity (red marrow).
 Approximately 2.4 – 2.6 million red
blood cells are produced every
second.
Lets Recap!
 Name the 4 types of bones that we
had covered today.
 What are the 5 functions of human
skeleton?

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5.2 functions of skeleton

  • 1. Secondary Two Topic: Bones and Joints Sub Topic: Functions of Skeleton
  • 2. • Students will understand the functions of the skeleton. • Students will be able to list the four types of bones and state an example for each type.
  • 3. • Long bones • Short bones • Flat bones • Irregular bones
  • 4. • One conversation • No sleeping • Putting of palm on whiteboard • Class too noisy and need to quieten down
  • 5. Today’s Lesson  Get into house level  Each house will be required to research on a type of bone and present the findings during second period ◦ Cypress – Long bone and its functions ◦ Jacaranda – Short bone and its functions ◦ Aspen – Flat bone and its functions ◦ Carova – Irregular bone and its functions
  • 6. Before we start… Which type of bone is this? This is the skeleton of our hand Ans.: Long bone
  • 7. Group Discussion  At the end of the discussion, each group will be an expert in the type of bone assigned. Everyone in the group must be able to: ◦ Describe the type of bone assigned. ◦ List an example of the type of bone assigned. ◦ Name a function of the type of bone assigned.
  • 10. Long Bone  Bones that have diaphysis, epiphysis and a hollow centre.  Cylindrical in shape, which gives rise to the name “long” bone.  Need not be physically long.  Eg. Phalanges (fingers), upper and lower arms / legs, etc.
  • 11. Long Bone  Long bones generally used for actions that require long range of movements, eg. tossing of ball ◦ Act as a lever to efficiently bring about rapid movement.  Long bones also determine height, shoe size, etc
  • 12. Which are the long bones?
  • 14. Short Bone  Small and squat.  Spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bone.  Light and very strong.
  • 15. Short Bone  Provides movement which need a range of directions.  Located mainly at wrist, ankle and knee.
  • 16. HOW MANY BONES ARE THERE IN THE WRIST? Ans.: 8
  • 18. Flat Bone  Characterised by the flatness and large surface area.  Spongy bone between 2 layers of compact bone.
  • 19. Flat Bone  Protect delicate organs.  Give big surface area for muscle attachments.  Examples: Scapula (collar bone), cranium (skull), pelvis (hip bone), ribs.
  • 21. Irregular Bone  Any shape of bone that does not fit into the earlier 3 categories.  Spongy bones inside, compact bone outside.
  • 22. Irregular Bone  Shaped to suit the specific jobs.  Example: ◦ Back bone (vertebrae) to protect spinal cord, lower jaw (mandible) to hold the teeth for chewing.
  • 23. General Functions of Bone  Shape  Support  Protection  Movement  Blood production
  • 24. Functions of Bone – Shape  The skeleton gives rise to the shape of human by providing a framework.  Without the skeleton, we will look like a lump of flesh.
  • 25. Functions of Bone – Support  Keeps internal organs in place.  Examples: ◦ Skull keeps brain in place. ◦ Chest cavity holds lungs and heart in place.  Provides point of attachment for muscles.
  • 26. Functions of Bone – Support  Girl born almost without bone – Janelly Martinez-Amador
  • 27. Functions of Bone – Protection  Protect delicate organs. ◦ Ribs protecting lungs and heart. ◦ Skull protecting brain.
  • 28. Functions of Bone – Movement  Muscles are attached to bones.  Muscles contract and pull the bones, which give rise to the movement.
  • 29. Functions of Bone – Blood Production  Blood is produced in the marrow cavity (red marrow).  Approximately 2.4 – 2.6 million red blood cells are produced every second.
  • 30. Lets Recap!  Name the 4 types of bones that we had covered today.  What are the 5 functions of human skeleton?