Tanglin PE Theory

1. Secondary Two
Topic: Bones and Joints
Sub Topic: Bones

2. • Students will know and identify the various
parts of the bone

3. • Cartilage
• Compact bone
• Marrow cavity
• Periosteum
• Spongy bone
• Epiphysis
• Diaphysis

4. • One conversation
• Respect the questions asked
• Putting of palm on whiteboard
• Class too noisy and need to quieten
down

5. Trivial Time!
CLOSE all textbooks!

6. Question 1
How many bones are there in
an adult human skeleton?
206

7. Question 2
 Who has more bones? Adult or
newborn infant?
Newborn infant
 The skeleton of a newborn baby has approximately 300
different components, which are a mixture of bones and
cartilage. The cartilage eventually solidifies into bone in a
process called ossification — for example, the kneecaps of
newborns start off as cartilage and become bone in a few
years.
 Over time, the "extra" bones in infants fuse to form larger
bones, reducing the overall number of bones to 206 by
adulthood.

8. Question 3
Where can you find most of
your bones in the body?
Hands (27 each)
and
Legs (26 each)

9. Question 4
How many bones are there in
our skull?
8 pieces
(fused together)

10. Question 5
Which is the smallest bone in
the human skeleton?
Stape
(at the ear)

11. Question 6
Which is the longest bone in
the human skeleton?
Femur
(thigh bone, ~1/4 of body
height)

12. Question 7
Are the teeth part of the 206
bones?
No
(But our teeth are stronger
than our bones!)

13. Parts of a Bone
 Epiphysis
 Diaphysis (aka
Shaft)
 Cartilage
 Compact bone
 Marrow cavity
◦ Blood vessels
◦ Bone marrow
 Periosteum
 Spongy bone

14. Parts of a Bone (Overall)
 Epiphysis
◦ The end part of the
bone

15. Parts of a Bone (Overall)
 Diaphysis (aka
Shaft)
◦ It forms the main
length of the
bone.

16. Parts of a Bone (Cartilage)
 Cartilage
◦ The protective layer
that wraps around
the epiphysis
◦ Cushions the
rubbing action
between bones at
the joints

17. Parts of a Bone (Cartilage)
 Ways that cartilage
will be damaged:
◦ Direct impact;
◦ Wear and tear;
◦ Lack of exercise.
 Signs and
symptoms
◦ Swelling
◦ Stiffness at joint
◦ Range limitation

18. Parts of a Bone (Compact
Bone)
 Compact bone
◦ Thinnest part of
bone
◦ Hard and strong
◦ Forms main part of
bone
◦ Gets thicker with
training (i.e. better
protected from
injuries)

19. Parts of a Bone (Compact
Bone)

20. Parts of a Bone (Marrow
Cavity)
 Marrow cavity
◦ Soft yellow pulp
(consist of red and
yellow marrow)
◦ Yellow marrow
made of fats
◦ Red marrow
produces (red and
white) blood cells

21. Parts of a Bone (Periosteum)
 Periosteum
◦ Tough fibrous skin
◦ Underneath side
responsible for
bone growth
(sideward)
◦ The bone growth is
also responsible for
the repair of bone
when crack or
broken

22. Parts of a Bone (Spongy
Bone)
 Spongy bone
◦ Located inside the
epiphysis
◦ It is less dense as
compared to the
compact bone
◦ Hard, light and
strong
◦ Absorbs shock
◦ Contains red
marrow which
produces blood
cells

23. Parts of a Bone (Spongy
Bone)

24. Lets Recap!
• Cartilage
• Compact bone
• Marrow cavity
• Periosteum
• Spongy bone
• Epiphysis
• Diaphysis