This document provides instructions on how to enter, format, and analyze data in a basic spreadsheet. It explains that a spreadsheet is divided into rows and columns which intersect to create cells that can contain numbers, text, or formulas. It describes how to enter information into cells, format text headings and cells, apply formulas to multiple cells, and insert and modify charts to visualize and analyze spreadsheet data.

2. On your screen will appear a basic spreadsheet, divided into
numbered rows and lettered columns.
Unit - III

3. The rows and columns intersect to create small boxes, which are
called cells.
Each cell is identified by its column letter and row number.
Thus the very first cell in the upper left-hand corner is called A1.
Just below A1 is A2. Just to the right of A1 is B1. Just below B1 is B2,
and so on. In the image below, for example, cell D9 is highlighted.

4. Entering Information in a Cell
You enter information into a spreadsheet program by typing it into each of the cells.
You can enter three different types of information into a cell:
Numbers – so you then can perform mathematical calculations on them.
Text – to identify what the numbers in the columns and rows represent, usually by typing
headings across the top of the columns or on the left edge of the rows
Formulas – to perform calculations on the numbers in a column or a row of cells.Formulas – to perform calculations on the numbers in a column or a row of cells.
To enter information into a cell, simply click on the cell and type in the information.
When you’re done, you can either press the enter/return key, which will take you down to the
next cell, or the tab key, which will advanced to the cell to the right.
Each time you type information into a cell, you’ll notice the information also appears in
the Formula bar, the box just above the columns and rows.
For example, if you click on cell:
B3
And type in the number:
100

6. Text Headings:
To enter text headings for the various columns and rows to identify them,
follow the same procedure as you would with entering numbers. Click on
the cell, type in the name of a heading and press the enter/return key.
You can also “freeze” this header row, so it stays in the same place, even if
you scroll down a long spreadsheet.
To do this, grab the small bar in the corner of the spreadsheet area, andTo do this, grab the small bar in the corner of the spreadsheet area, and
drag it down one row.

7. Applying a Formula to Multiple Cells:
If we now wanted to calculate the total number of gun related homicides for
the other four years, we could repeat the process of typing an addition
formula into each cell in the rest of row 23. But a spreadsheet has a much
faster way of accomplishing this – by letting you simply copy the formula to
one or more of the other cells in the same row.
To do this, click on cell:
B23B23
Where we typed in our addition formula
=B7+B8+B9+B10+B11
Pass your mouse cursor over the bottom right corner of cell B23 and notice
your cursor changes from an arrow pointer to a thin crosshairs.

8. Formatting Cells:
A spreadsheet provides a lot of options for re-formatting the information
being displayed. These are similar to the options in a word processing
program like Microsoft Word or many other applications.
They include:
1.Changing the font size or style
2.Defining the format for the kind of data in a cell, such as dates, times,
currency or percentcurrency or percent
3.Changing the number of decimal places displayed in a number
4.Changing the text color or the background color
5.Adding borders around the cells
Some of these options are available by selecting Format in the menu at the top
and then picking one of the choices in the drop-down menu.
Or you can click on the icons in the middle of the toolbar for other options.

9. Introduction:
A chart is a tool you can use in Excel to communicate data graphically. Charts allow
your audience to see the meaning behind the numbers, and they make
showing comparisons and trends much easier. In this lesson, you'll learn how
to insert charts and modify them so they communicate information effectively.

10. Charts:
Excel workbooks can contain a lot of data, and this data can often be difficult to
interpret. For example, where are the highest and lowest values? Are the numbers
increasing or decreasing?
The answers to questions like these can become much clearer when data is
represented as a chart. Excel has various types of charts, so you can choose one that
most effectively represents your data.

11. Identifying the parts of a chart:
Click the buttons in the interactive below to learn about the
different parts of a chart.

12. To create a chart:
1.Select the cells you want to chart, including the column titles and row labels.
These cells will be the source data for the chart.
2.Click the Insert tab.2.Click the Insert tab.
3.In the Charts group, select the desired chart
category (Column, for example).

13. 4.Select the desired chart type from the drop-down menu (Clustered Column, for
example).

14. .
5.The chart will appear in the worksheet

15. Chart tools:
Once you insert a chart, a set of chart tools arranged into three tabs will appear on
the Ribbon. These are only visible when the chart is selected. You can use these
three tabs to modify your chart.

16. To change chart type:
1.From the Design tab, click the Change Chart Type command. A dialog box appears.
2.the desired chart type, then click OK.2.the desired chart type, then click OK.