This PPT covers the concepts on Pathophysiology of Sexually transmitted diseases. STD like Chlamydia, Syphilis, Herpes Genitalis, Genital warts and Trichomoniasis

1. PREPARED BY: JEGAN. S. NADAR

2. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
❖ Sexually transmitted diseases are infections that are spread from person to
person through intimate sexual contact.
❖ Sexually transmitted diseases are dangerous because they easily spread and
it is hard to tell just by looking who has an STD.
❖ 1 in 4 will contract STD between 15-55 yrs of age
❖ STD are infections that are commonly spread by sex, especially vaginal
intercourse, anal sex and oral sex.
Jegan Nadar

3. ❖ Chancroid
❖ Chlamydia
❖ Gonorrhea
❖ Syphilis
❖ Viral hepatitis
❖ Herpes simplex
❖ HIV/ AIDS
❖ HPV
BACTERIAL VIRAL
❖ Trichomoniasis
PROTOZOAL
❖ Candidiasis
FUNGAL
❖ Crab louse
Parasites
CLASSIFICATION
Jegan Nadar

4. CHLAMYDIA
❖ It is most prevalent bacterial STD
❖ It is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis
❖ In women, symptoms may include
➢ Abnormal vaginal discharge,
➢ Burning during urination,
➢ Bleeding in between periods,
Jegan Nadar

5. ❖ Symptoms in men include
➢ Pain when urinating, and
➢ Abnormal discharge from their penis
Jegan Nadar

6. ❖ If left untreated in both men and women, Chlamydia can infect the urinary
tract and potentially lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
❖ PID can cause serious problems during pregnancy and even has the potential
to cause infertility
❖ It can be detected by tissue culture
❖ It is treated with antibiotics (note: penicillin is ineffective)
Jegan Nadar

7. GONORRHEA
❖ Caused by a bacteria known as Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
❖ This bacterium lives on moist mucous membranes in the urethra, vagina, rectum,
mouth, throat, and eyes.
❖ The infection can spread through contact with the penis, vagina, mouth or anus.
❖ Symptoms in men include
➢ Burning and pain while urinating,
➢ Discharge from the penis (white, green, or yellow in color)
Jegan Nadar

8. Symptoms in women may include
➢ Vaginal discharge,
➢ Burning or itching while urinating,
➢ Painful sexual intercourse,
➢ However many women do not show any symptoms.
Jegan Nadar

9. SYPHILIS
❖ Caused by bacteria called Trepenoma pallidum.
❖ If not treated Syphilis can be very dangerous and can cause brain damage
and other serious health problems
❖ Clinical manifestations of syphilis include the ulceration of the uro-genital
tract, mouth or rectum
❖ If left untreated the symptoms worsen
Jegan Nadar

10. HERPES GENITALIS
❖ The two most common forms of herpes are caused by infection with herpes
simplex virus (HSV).
❖ HSV- 1 is typically acquired orally and causes cold sores
❖ HSV-2 is usually acquired during sexual contact and affects the genitals,most
common viral STD
❖ Herpes is spread through skin contact with a person infected with the virus.
❖ This can occur through kissing, vaginal intercourse, oral sex or anal sex. Jegan Nadar

11. Symptoms
❖ Burning sensation followed by appearance of blisters
❖ Blisters rupture in 1-2 days; become painful ulcers
❖ Possible flu-like symptoms
❖ In males, sores occur on penis
❖ In females, sores occurs on labia, clitoris, cervix, vagina, urethra, perineum
❖ In both sexes: painful urination and sometimes fever
❖ Sores heal between 1-6 weeks
❖ If virus comes into contact with eye, can cause blindness
Jegan Nadar

12. GENITAL WARTS
❖ It is caused by Human papilloma virus
❖ There are more than 70 strains
❖ Some cause “genitalwarts” --moist, soft, cauliflower-like bumps (within 3 weeks - 8
months)
❖ Appear on cervix, labia, vulva, perineum in females
❖ In males warts appears on penis, urethra and scrotum
❖ It is treated topically with dry ice, liquid nitrogen > warts dry up and fall off in a
few days
Jegan Nadar

13. TRICHOMONIASIS
❖ It is caused by the single-celled protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis
❖ Can be passed on via damp towels, washcloths, and bathing suits if someone has the
parasite.
❖ Symptoms
❖ Typically, only women experience symptoms associated with Trichomonas infection.
❖ Symptoms include inflammation of the
➢ Cervix (Cervicitis)
➢ Urethra (Urethritis)
➢ Vagina (Vaginitis)
❖ Discomfort may increase during intercourse and urination.
Jegan Nadar