Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It is transmitted through sexual contact and can also spread from mother to baby during childbirth. Symptoms vary between males and females, with many cases being asymptomatic. When symptoms do occur in males they include dysuria and urethral discharge, while in females symptoms may include increased vaginal discharge or bleeding. Gonorrhea is treated with antibiotics like ceftriaxone or azithromycin. It remains an issue as cases number over 200 million per year globally and antibiotic resistance has increased.
Gonorrhea
is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by a bacterium.
Gonorrhea can grow easily in the warm, moist areas of the reproductive
tract, including the cervix (opening to the womb), uterus (womb), and
fallopian tubes (egg canals) in women, and in the urethra (urine canal)
in women and men. The bacterium can also grow in the mouth, throat,
eyes, and anus.
People get gonorrhea by having sex with someone who has the disease.
“Having sex” means anal, vaginal, or oral sex. Gonorrhea can still be
transmitted via fluids even if a man does not ejaculate. Gonorrhea can
also be spread from an untreated mother to her baby during childbirth.
People who have had gonorrhea and have been treated may get infected
again if they have sexual contact with a person infected with
gonorrhea.
Gonorrhea
is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by a bacterium.
Gonorrhea can grow easily in the warm, moist areas of the reproductive
tract, including the cervix (opening to the womb), uterus (womb), and
fallopian tubes (egg canals) in women, and in the urethra (urine canal)
in women and men. The bacterium can also grow in the mouth, throat,
eyes, and anus.
People get gonorrhea by having sex with someone who has the disease.
“Having sex” means anal, vaginal, or oral sex. Gonorrhea can still be
transmitted via fluids even if a man does not ejaculate. Gonorrhea can
also be spread from an untreated mother to her baby during childbirth.
People who have had gonorrhea and have been treated may get infected
again if they have sexual contact with a person infected with
gonorrhea.
Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted disease caused by N. gonorrhoeae. Hippocrates referred to acute gonorrhea as “strangury” obtained from the “pleasures of Venus” in the fourth and fifth centuries B.C. (229). It was not until A.D. 130 that Galen, who mistakenly confused the purulent discharge associated with gonococcal urethritis with semen, introduced the term gonorrhea, i. e., “flow of seed” . N gonorrhoeae is the second most commonly occurring reportable sexually transmitted infection after Chlamydia trachomatis.
Syphilis and gonorrhea - Its etiology, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms,di...Aiswarya Thomas
Discussed about Syphilis and gonorrhea - Its etiology, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms,diagnosis and prevention. Also dicussed about the classifications of both STDs and its diagnostic tests
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted
bacterial infection that causes genital ulcers (sores) in its early stages. If
untreated, these ulcers can then lead to more serious symptoms of
infection.
An ancient disease, syphilis is still of
major importance today. In 2008, 13,500 cases of syphilis were reported in the
united States, mostly in people 20 to 29 years of age. Of these reported cases,
63 percent were among men who have sex with men. Syphilis rates have increased
in males each year between 2000 and 2008 and in females each year between 2004
and 2008.
HIV infection and syphilis are linked.
Syphilis increases the risk of transmitting as well as getting infected with
HIV.
Pathophysiology of Sexually transmitted diseasesJegan Nadar
This PPT covers the concepts on Pathophysiology of Sexually transmitted diseases. STD like Chlamydia, Syphilis, Herpes Genitalis, Genital warts and Trichomoniasis
Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted disease caused by N. gonorrhoeae. Hippocrates referred to acute gonorrhea as “strangury” obtained from the “pleasures of Venus” in the fourth and fifth centuries B.C. (229). It was not until A.D. 130 that Galen, who mistakenly confused the purulent discharge associated with gonococcal urethritis with semen, introduced the term gonorrhea, i. e., “flow of seed” . N gonorrhoeae is the second most commonly occurring reportable sexually transmitted infection after Chlamydia trachomatis.
Syphilis and gonorrhea - Its etiology, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms,di...Aiswarya Thomas
Discussed about Syphilis and gonorrhea - Its etiology, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms,diagnosis and prevention. Also dicussed about the classifications of both STDs and its diagnostic tests
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted
bacterial infection that causes genital ulcers (sores) in its early stages. If
untreated, these ulcers can then lead to more serious symptoms of
infection.
An ancient disease, syphilis is still of
major importance today. In 2008, 13,500 cases of syphilis were reported in the
united States, mostly in people 20 to 29 years of age. Of these reported cases,
63 percent were among men who have sex with men. Syphilis rates have increased
in males each year between 2000 and 2008 and in females each year between 2004
and 2008.
HIV infection and syphilis are linked.
Syphilis increases the risk of transmitting as well as getting infected with
HIV.
Pathophysiology of Sexually transmitted diseasesJegan Nadar
This PPT covers the concepts on Pathophysiology of Sexually transmitted diseases. STD like Chlamydia, Syphilis, Herpes Genitalis, Genital warts and Trichomoniasis
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Gonorrhea Essay
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is a curable, bacterial, sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterium called Neisseria gonorrhoeae (a member of the family Neisseriaceae). Bacteria are introduced during sexual contact. These bacteria can infect the genital tract, the mouth, and the rectum. It attacks the urethra in males, the cervix in females, and the throat. The majority of the organisms belonging to this family are non pathogenic or commensals, however, gonorrhea is always pathogenic. Gonorrhea s mode of transmission is during sexual intercourse vaginal, oral, and anal.
People who practice anal intercourse can get gonorrhea of the rectum. Even women who do not engage in anal...show more content...Doctors usually prescribe a combination of antibiotics, such as ceftriaxone and doxycycline or azithromycin, which will treat both diseases. Serious complications can result, however, when left untreated. In untreated gonorrhea infections, the bacteria can spread up into the reproductive tract, or more rarely, can spread through the blood stream and infect the joints, heart valves, or the brain. The most common result of untreated gonorrhea is PID, a serious infection of the female reproductive organs. Gonococcal PID often appears immediately after the menstrual period. PID causes scar tissue to form in the fallopian tubes. If the tube is only partially scarred, the fertilized egg cannot pass into the uterus. If this happens, the embryo may implant in the tube causing a tubal pregnancy. This serious complication results in a miscarriage and can cause death of the mother.
Rarely, untreated gonorrhea can spread through the blood to the joints.
Gonorrhea is treated
For DH Theory III, students must give a presentation on a specific module in the class. The purpose of these presentations is to inform students on how treat patients in a dental setting who may be compromised by a certain medical condition. I was tasked with presenting on sexually transmitted diseases, as well as on chronic kidney disease and dialysis. This is the presentation that I modified on sexually transmitted diseases.
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Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
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2.
It is an infectious venereal disease caused by Gram-
negative diplococci- gonococcus (Neisseria
gonorrhea).
It is transmitted sexually.
It is characterized by lesions of mucous membranes
of the urinary organs.
What is Gonorrhea??
3.
According to WHO, incidences for gonorrhea is
about 200 million cases per year.
There are following features for gonorrhea infection;
i. Reduced sensitivity of gonococcus to traditional
anti-bacterial agents.
ii. Uncontrolled use of antibiotics leads to appearance
resistant organisms.
About Gonorrhea
4.
It is caused by Gram- negative diplococci- gonococcus
Neisseria gonorrhea.
Diplococcus have length from 1.25-1.6 microns and 0.7-0.8
microns in cross section.
It is shaped like coffee beans, concave surface facing each
other.
Gonococcus-main pathogenic organism adapted to
destroy mucous membrane covered with cylindrical
epithelium.
In patients body gonococci often undergo L-
transformation after using chemotherapeutic drugs.
Causative Agent
5.
The optimum conditions for development of
gonorrhea are;
pH = 4-7
Temperature= 35.5C
Carbon dioxide content in environment= 2-10%
Conditions for
Development of
Gonorrhea
6.
It is classified into following types;
i. Gonorrhea of urogenital organs (the genital).
ii. Extragenital gonorrhea (gonorrhea of mouth,
rectum, pharynx, tonsils, eyes).
iii. Metastatic (disseminated) is a complication of first
two types.
Classification of Gonorrhea
8.
Gonorrhea is a STD.
It mainly spreads through sexual contacts.
It infects both man and women.
Can also spread perinatally from mother to baby
during childbirth.
Spread of Gonorrhea
9.
In males
Many men are asymptomatic.
When present it includes dysuria and white, yellow,
or green urethral discharge which appears after one
to fourteen days of infection.
In severe case it includes testicular or scrotal pain.
Signs and Symptoms of
Gonorrhea
10.
In Females
Most women with gonorrhea are asymptomatic.
The initial symptoms and signs in women include
dysuria, increased vaginal discharge, or vaginal
bleeding between periods.
Symptoms of rectal infection in both men and
women may include discharge, anal itching,
soreness, bleeding, or painful bowel movements.
11.
It is treated with antibiotics.
It is usually treated with the injection of ceftraxzone.
can also be treated with single with single dose of
azithromyocin.
Treatment
