The document provides an overview of various past tenses in English including the past simple, past continuous, past perfect, and past perfect continuous tenses. It defines each tense, outlines their structures, and provides examples of affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences. Examples and exercises are included to illustrate proper usage of each past tense form.

3. Past tense
 Bakhtawar Khuwaja
 Sajjad Memon
 Tahniyat Fatima
 Wajid Hussain Khoso

4. Past Simple Tense:
(Outlines)
 Definition:
 Structure of Past Simple Tense:
 Conjugations:
 Positive/ Affirmative Sentence:
 Negative / Negation Sentence:
 Interrogative / Question Sentence:
 Usage:
 Conclusion:
Bakhtawar Khuwaja

5. Definition:
 Actions that started and ended in past.
 At a Specific Point in time.
 Can be used for repeated actions in the point.
 It expresses the following types of past
actions:
 An action occurred just a little while ago:
 I ate an Apple.
 He caught a bird in the bushes .
 I met a friend in the market.
 An action occurred on regular basis in past:
 He worked in a factory
 The people paid less Texas in past.
 The ancients believed in superstition.
Bakhtawar Khuwaja

6. Structure Of Tense:
 Main verb: 2nd Form Of Verb.
Note:
Positive Sentence: 2nd Form of Verb
Negative & Interrogative Sentence: 1st
form of Verb
Helping Verb: Did
Bakhtawar Khuwaja

7. Affirmative Sentence:
 Positive Sentence:
Subject + Main verb + Object
(2nd form of verb)
Example:
1. I ate my meal
2. I brought a laptop
3. He Applied for a job
Bakhtawar Khuwaja

8. Negative Sentence:
 Negative Sentence:
 1st Form of verb:
Subject + Helping Verb + Not + Main verb + Object
(1st form of verb)
Example:
1. I did not eat my meal
2. I did not buy a laptop
3. He did not apply for a job
Bakhtawar Khuwaja

9. Interrogative Sentence:
 Question Sentences
 1st Form of Verb
Helping Verb + Subject + Main verb + Object + ?
(Did) (1st form of verb)
Example:
1. Did I eat my meal ?
2. Did I buy a laptop ?
3. Did he apply for a job ?
Bakhtawar Khuwaja

10. Usage:
We use past simple tense to talk about:
Something that happened once in the past.
We went to Spain for our holidays.
Something that happened again and again in the
past.
When I was a girl I walked a mile to school everyday.
Bakhtawar Khuwaja

11. Exercise:
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
He wrote a book.
He did not sing.
Was she pretty?
Bakhtawar Khuwaja
 Complete the table in simple past:
Change the verbs in brackets to the simple past:
oThey All (go) ___________ Shopping.
oWe (book) _____________ two tickets for the show.
oHe (collect) ____________ his book from library.
oWere you (frighten)_____ of the dark.
oDid you (eat)___________ my chocolate?
oWe (grow) _____________ this tree from a seed.

12. Conclusion:
 Actions that occurred in past.
 Main verb: 2nd form of verb
 Helping Verb: Did
 Types:
 Affirmative: Positive, 2nd Form of verb
 Negative: 1st form of verb (We use Did not)
 Interrogative: 1st Form of verb (We Use Helping verb before
subject)
Bakhtawar Khuwaja

13. Past Continuous Tense:
(Outlines)
 Definition:
 Structure of Past Continuous Tense:
 Conjugations:
 Positive/ Affirmative Sentence:
 Negative / Negation Sentence:
 Interrogative / Question Sentence:
 Usage:
 Conclusion:
Sajjad Memon

14. Definition:
 It shows an action which was continue in past.
 A continue action in past.
 An action going on for some time in past
Sajjad Memon

15. Structure Of Tense:
 Main verb: 1st form Of Verb.
 Always use ing form of verb
 Helping verb: Was, Were.
 Was: He, She, It, Noun, Singular.
 Were: They, We, You, Plural
 Me, us, our, their, your, her, him, his are Unacceptable.
 Subject+Was/Were+Main Verb+ Ing+object
 Sentences:
 I was writing my homework.
 They were talking about me.
Sajjad Memon

16. Affirmative Sentence:
 Positive Sentence:
 Subject + was/ were+ Main verb + ing + Object
Example:
1. We were waiting for the bus.
2. My friends were playing cricket.
3. Ahmed was singing a song.
Sajjad Memon

17. Negative Sentence:
 Negative Sentence:
 Subject + was/ were+ not + Main verb + ing +
Object
Example:
1. We were not waiting for the bus.
2. My friends were not playing cricket.
3. Ahmed was not singing a song.
Sajjad Memon

18. Interrogative Sentence:
 (Positive Sentence):
 Was/ were+ Subject + Main verb + ing + Object + ?
Example:
1. Were we waiting for the bus?
2. Were my friends playing cricket?
3. Was Ahmed singing a song?
Sajjad Memon

19. Interrogative Sentence
(Negative):
 (Negative Sentence):
 Was/ were+ Not + Subject + Main verb + ing + Object
+ ?
Example:
1. Were not we waiting for the bus?
2. Were not my friends playing cricket?
3. Was not Ahmed singing a song?
Sajjad Memon

20. Usage:
1.1 Often, to describe the background in a story
written in the past tense, e.g. "The sun was
shining and the birds were singing as the elephant
came out of the jungle. The other animals were
relaxing in the shade of the trees, but the elephant
moved very quickly. She was looking for her baby,
and she didn't notice the hunter who was
watching her through his binoculars. When the shot
rang out, she was running towards the river..."
Sajjad Memon

21. Usage:
1.2. To describe an unfinished action that was
interrupted by another event or action, e.g.
"I was having a beautiful dream when the alarm
clock rang.“
1.3. to express a change of mind: e.g. "I was
going to spend the day at the beach but I've
decided to get my homework done instead.“
1.4. with 'wonder', to make a very polite request: e.g.
"I was wondering if you could baby-sit for me tonight."
Sajjad Memon

22. Exercise:
Sajjad Memon
1. James ————————– the car.
 was repairing
 were repairing
 is repairing
2. Janet ————————- for the play.
 were rehearsing
 is rehearsing
 was rehearsing
3. Sophia ————————– for the bus.
 was waiting
 has waiting
 were waiting
4. The birds ————————–
 was chirping
 were chirping
 have chirping
5. The boys ———————— their lesson.
 was learning
 were learning
 are learning

23. Exercise:
Sajjad Memon
06. He ————————– for his purse.
 is searching
 was searching
 were researching
07. The cat ————————- the mouse.
 had been chasing
 was chasing
 were chasing
08. It ————————-
 is raining
 was raining
 were raining
09. The wind —————————– fiercely.
 is blowing
 was blowing
 were blowing
10. The dogs —————————–
 are barking
 were barking
 was barking

24. Conclusion:
 Any action continued in past.
 Helping Verb: Was & Were
 Always use 1st form of verb and ing form.
 Subject + H.V + Main Verb + ing + object.
 Affirmative: Positive Sentence.
 Negative: Subject + Was/ Were + Not
 Interrogative: Was/ Were + Subject.
 Interrogative (Negative): Was/ Were + Not + Subject
Sajjad Memon

25. Past Perfect Tense:
(Outlines)
 Definition:
 Structure of Past Perfect Tense:
 Conjugations:
 Positive/ Affirmative Sentence:
 Negative / Negation Sentence:
 Interrogative / Question Sentence:
 Usage:
Tahniyat Fatima

26. Definition:
 It is Usually express an action which occurred
a long time ago in past.
 It gives a sense of completion of an activity in
past.
Tahniyat Fatima

27. Structure Of Tense:
 Main verb: 3rd form of verb.
 Helping verb: Had
 Subject + Had + Past Participle
Tahniyat Fatima

28. Affirmative Sentence:
 Positive Sentence:
 Subject + had + Main verb + Past Participle + Object
Example:
1. They had bought a new car.
2. He had enjoyed the party .
Tahniyat Fatima

29. Negative Sentence:
 Negative Sentence:
 Subject + had + not + Main verb + Past Participle +
Object
Example:
1. They had not bought a new car.
2. He had not enjoyed the party .
Tahniyat Fatima

30. Interrogative Sentence:
 (Positive Sentence):
 Had + Subject + Main verb + Past
Participle + Object + ?
Example:
1. Had he appeared in the exam?
2. Had you completed your task?
Tahniyat Fatima

31. Interrogative Sentence:
 (Negative Sentence):
 Had + Not + Subject + Main verb + Past
Participle + Object + ?
Example:
1. Had not he appeared in the exam?
2. Had not you completed your task?
Tahniyat Fatima

32. Usage:
 It is used to demonstrate an action that
occurred before another action in the past.
There are usually two completed actions in the
sentence one happen before the other.
 She had completed the task before the teacher asked.
 Before she went home she had completed her work.
Sajjad MemonTahniyat Fatima

33. Example:
 Alia had a very bad morning yesterday. She didn’t
sleep well because she had horrible nightmares. It
rained all night and in the morning it didn’t step yet.
The family car broke down so no one could take her
to school and she had to walk she arrived there. She
was completely wet another problem was that she
forgot to do her math's homework and the teacher
got very angry at her, what a terrible morning.
Tahniyat Fatima

34. Exercise:
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
They had bought a new
car.
Had you completed
your task?
I had not visited him
Tahniyat Fatima

35. Exercise 2:
Tahniyat Fatima
 The children had got up when their father arrived.
a) The children were got up before the father arrived.
b) The children got up after their father arrived.
 Ahmed entered the room, they told him to wait outside.
a) He entered the room first.
b) He was told to wait outside first.
 He had failed his exam, he became sick.
a) He was sick before the exam.
b) He was sick after the exam
 The storm damaged the bridge but the man had crossed
it.
a) The man crossed it before the storm damaged it.
b) The man crossed it after the storm damaged it.

36. Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
(Outlines)
 Definition:
 Structure of Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
 Usage:
 Conjugations:
 Positive/ Affirmative Sentence:
 Negative / Negation Sentence:
 Interrogative / Question Sentence:
 Activity:
 Conclusion:
Wajid Hussain Khoso

37. Definition:
 Some action happened in past from one time
to another.
 A work started in past and ended in past.
 Resembles to Present Perfect Continuos.
 We'll show an action continued in past.
 It differs from Past Continuous tense by
adding since & For
 Since: Use for the point of time.
 For: Period of time, Length of time, duration
of time.
Wajid Hussain Khoso

38. Structure Of Tense:
 Main verb: 1st form Of Verb.
 Always use ing form of verb
 Or 4th form of verb.
 Helping verb: had been.
 Subject+Had+Been+Main Verb+ Ing+object
 Sentences:
Wajid Hussain Khoso

39. Usage:
1. Something that started in the past and continued up
to another action or time in the past.
 I had been playing football when I met her.
2. Something that finished just before another moment.
 I had been working before I saw you.
3. Shows results at a time in past.
 I had been working since 10’ o clock that’s why I was
tired.
Wajid Hussain Khoso

40. Conjugations:
Affirmative (Positive)
Negative
Interrogative (Question)
Interrogative Negative
Wajid Hussain Khoso

41. Affirmative Sentence:
 Positive Sentence:
 Subject + had + been + Main verb + ing + Object
Example:
1. We had been trying to open the door.
2. She had been going to office before.
3. They had been preparing food by this time
yesterday.
Wajid Hussain Khoso

42. Negative Sentence:
 Negative Sentence:
 Subject + not + had + been + Main verb + ing +
Object
Example:
1. We had not been trying to open the door.
2. She had not been going to office before.
3. They had not been preparing food by this time
yesterday.
Wajid Hussain Khoso

43. Interrogative Sentence:
 Question Sentence:
 Had + Subject + been + Main verb + ing + Object ?
Example:
1. Had we been trying to open the door ?
2. Had she been going to office before ?
3. Had they been preparing food by this time
yesterday ?
Wajid Hussain Khoso

44. Interrogative Sentence
(Negative):
 Negative Question Sentence:
 Had + Subject + not + been + Main verb + ing +
Object ?
Example:
1. Had we not been trying to open the door ?
2. Had she not been going to office before ?
3. Had they not been preparing preparing food by
this time yesterday ?
Wajid Hussain Khoso

45. Conclusion:
 Any work started, continued and ended in past.
 Helping Verb: Had been
 Always use 1st form of verb and ing form.
 Subject + H.V + Main Verb + ing + object.
 Affirmative: Positive Sentence.
 Negative: had + NOT + been.
 Interrogative: had + (Subject) + been.
 Interrogative (Negative): had + (subject) + not + been
Wajid Hussain Khoso

46. Exercise:
Make the past perfect continuous positive:
1. I ________ (work) all day, so I didn’t want to go out.
2. She ____ (study) in the university ______ (since/ for)
2008.
3. They _____ (live) in Beijing _____(since/ for) three
months when he lost his job.
4. Mr. Amjad khan _____ (play) football _____ (since/ for)
10 o’ clock.
Wajid Hussain Khoso

47. Cont:
1. They ______ not (work) for 2003.
2. I had tried to get job for 2001.
3. It ________ (rain), and the road is not covered in water.
4. The boy had not been watching television for three weeks?
5. We had been going out for three years.
(Change into interrogative negative)
1. He had been eating vegetables for one year
(Change into interrogative)
Wajid Hussain Khoso

48. The
End