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There are two main types of cellular transport - passive transport which does not require energy, and active transport which requires energy from ATP. Passive transport includes diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. Active transport is needed to move molecules against a concentration gradient and uses protein pumps like the sodium-potassium pump. Large molecules are transported into and out of cells via endocytosis and exocytosis using vesicles.
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Active transport ch 7.3
Active transport requires energy and often involves the movement of solute molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration against the concentration gradient. It uses the energy from cellular respiration. Active transport can occur through proteins moving molecules across the cell membrane or through endocytosis and exocytosis, which involve the movement of the cell membrane itself to transport larger molecules and particles into and out of the cell. Endocytosis processes like phagocytosis and pinocytosis allow the cell to engulf external material, while exocytosis expels waste from the cell.
How does it work artifact
The document summarizes several key cellular processes including passive transport, active transport, protein synthesis, and cell growth/reproduction. Passive transport involves the movement of molecules across membranes through diffusion, osmosis, or facilitated diffusion without energy usage. Active transport requires energy and uses pumps or channels to move molecules against a concentration gradient. Protein synthesis is a two-step process involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to create proteins with the help of ribosomes. Cell growth allows for an increase in cell size and mass before cell reproduction through cell division produces two daughter cells.
Passive Transport
There are two main types of cellular transport - passive and active. Passive transport does not require energy and includes diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. Active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient and requires energy from ATP. The sodium-potassium pump is an example of active transport, moving sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane against their gradients. Large molecules are transported across membranes via endocytosis and exocytosis using vesicles.
Active Transport Notes
Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient using ATP as an energy source. Endocytosis and exocytosis transport large substances across cell membranes. Endocytosis ingests external fluids and particles by pinocytosis or phagocytosis. Exocytosis moves proteins and other large molecules out of cells. The Golgi body packages proteins into vesicles, which the ER transports to the cell membrane for export outside the cell. These processes help maintain homeostasis by ensuring cells have sufficient macromolecules to function correctly.
Active Transport
Active transport is the movement of materials through a membrane against a concentration gradient. It requires energy in the form of ATP and specialized carrier proteins to bind to particles and transport them across the membrane. Examples include the sodium-potassium pump in cell membranes. Large particles cross membranes through active transport processes like endocytosis, exocytosis, pinocytosis, and phagocytosis, which all require energy. Endocytosis involves engulfing extracellular material, while exocytosis expels intracellular material from the cell. Pinocytosis involves drinking in liquids, while phagocytosis engulfs solids.
Ch.5 active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis By Hamdy Karim
The document discusses active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis in cells. It explains that active transport uses energy to move materials against their concentration gradient using transport proteins. Endocytosis and exocytosis transport materials across membranes within vesicles - endocytosis transports materials into the cell within vesicles formed by infoldings of the membrane, while exocytosis releases materials from vesicles fusing with the outer membrane. The document provides examples of these processes in cells.
Unit 4 VCE Biology: Cell membranes &_organelles
This document provides an overview of cell membranes, organelles, and transport mechanisms in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It describes the phospholipid bilayer structure of the cell membrane and embedded integral and peripheral proteins. It then explains various transport mechanisms like diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion and active transport, noting whether they are passive or require energy. Specific organelles are also outlined like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, ribosomes, and cytoskeleton.
Cell transport
1. The document summarizes various processes involved in the synthesis and transport of proteins within cells, including the synthesis of secretory and integral membrane proteins in the ER and their transport through the secretory pathway to their destinations.
2. Key details covered include the roles of signal sequences, SRP, and the translocon in targeting proteins to the ER, and the roles of vesicles, SNARE proteins, and Rabs in intracellular transport.
3. Mechanisms for transporting proteins and other molecules across membranes like diffusion, channels, carriers, and endocytosis/exocytosis are also summarized.
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Active transport ch 7.3
Active transport requires energy and often involves the movement of solute molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration against the concentration gradient. It uses the energy from cellular respiration. Active transport can occur through proteins moving molecules across the cell membrane or through endocytosis and exocytosis, which involve the movement of the cell membrane itself to transport larger molecules and particles into and out of the cell. Endocytosis processes like phagocytosis and pinocytosis allow the cell to engulf external material, while exocytosis expels waste from the cell.
How does it work artifact
The document summarizes several key cellular processes including passive transport, active transport, protein synthesis, and cell growth/reproduction. Passive transport involves the movement of molecules across membranes through diffusion, osmosis, or facilitated diffusion without energy usage. Active transport requires energy and uses pumps or channels to move molecules against a concentration gradient. Protein synthesis is a two-step process involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to create proteins with the help of ribosomes. Cell growth allows for an increase in cell size and mass before cell reproduction through cell division produces two daughter cells.
Passive Transport
There are two main types of cellular transport - passive and active. Passive transport does not require energy and includes diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. Active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient and requires energy from ATP. The sodium-potassium pump is an example of active transport, moving sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane against their gradients. Large molecules are transported across membranes via endocytosis and exocytosis using vesicles.
Active Transport Notes
Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient using ATP as an energy source. Endocytosis and exocytosis transport large substances across cell membranes. Endocytosis ingests external fluids and particles by pinocytosis or phagocytosis. Exocytosis moves proteins and other large molecules out of cells. The Golgi body packages proteins into vesicles, which the ER transports to the cell membrane for export outside the cell. These processes help maintain homeostasis by ensuring cells have sufficient macromolecules to function correctly.
Active Transport
Active transport is the movement of materials through a membrane against a concentration gradient. It requires energy in the form of ATP and specialized carrier proteins to bind to particles and transport them across the membrane. Examples include the sodium-potassium pump in cell membranes. Large particles cross membranes through active transport processes like endocytosis, exocytosis, pinocytosis, and phagocytosis, which all require energy. Endocytosis involves engulfing extracellular material, while exocytosis expels intracellular material from the cell. Pinocytosis involves drinking in liquids, while phagocytosis engulfs solids.
Ch.5 active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis By Hamdy Karim
The document discusses active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis in cells. It explains that active transport uses energy to move materials against their concentration gradient using transport proteins. Endocytosis and exocytosis transport materials across membranes within vesicles - endocytosis transports materials into the cell within vesicles formed by infoldings of the membrane, while exocytosis releases materials from vesicles fusing with the outer membrane. The document provides examples of these processes in cells.
Unit 4 VCE Biology: Cell membranes &_organelles
This document provides an overview of cell membranes, organelles, and transport mechanisms in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It describes the phospholipid bilayer structure of the cell membrane and embedded integral and peripheral proteins. It then explains various transport mechanisms like diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion and active transport, noting whether they are passive or require energy. Specific organelles are also outlined like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, ribosomes, and cytoskeleton.
Cell transport
1. The document summarizes various processes involved in the synthesis and transport of proteins within cells, including the synthesis of secretory and integral membrane proteins in the ER and their transport through the secretory pathway to their destinations.
2. Key details covered include the roles of signal sequences, SRP, and the translocon in targeting proteins to the ER, and the roles of vesicles, SNARE proteins, and Rabs in intracellular transport.
3. Mechanisms for transporting proteins and other molecules across membranes like diffusion, channels, carriers, and endocytosis/exocytosis are also summarized.
Cell transport
This document summarizes different types of cellular transport, including passive transport mechanisms like diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis as well as active transport mechanisms like protein pumps, endocytosis, and exocytosis. Passive transport involves the diffusion of molecules or ions down their concentration gradient without cellular energy expenditure, while active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient by using energy in the form of ATP.
Cell membranes m pr
Cell membranes are composed of a phospholipid bilayer with intrinsic and extrinsic proteins embedded. The phospholipid bilayer forms a partially permeable barrier through which selective transport of molecules can occur. Intrinsic proteins span the bilayer and facilitate both passive diffusion of small molecules down a concentration gradient, as well as active transport of molecules against a gradient using energy from ATP. Together, the fluid phospholipid bilayer and embedded transport proteins allow cells to control what enters and exits across the membrane.
Movement across membrane
The document discusses the structure and function of the plasma membrane and the movement of substances across it. The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable phospholipid bilayer that controls the movement of substances into and out of cells. Substances can move passively via simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, or osmosis. Active transport requires energy and transports molecules against a concentration gradient using carrier proteins.
Transport mechanism
This document discusses various mechanisms of transport across the plasma membrane, including diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport. Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradient, and can occur passively through the membrane or through carrier proteins. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a lower to higher solute concentration. Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires energy in the form of ATP. There are two types of active transport: primary uses ATP directly and secondary utilizes ion gradients.
Active and passive transport by M.Sohail Riaz Hashmi
This document provides an overview of active and passive transport mechanisms in cells. It defines active transport as movement against a concentration gradient requiring energy, and defines types of active transport including primary and secondary. It then discusses endocytosis and exocytosis, the processes by which cells take in and release substances. It also defines different types of passive transport including diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion, and provides examples of each.
Endocytosis exocytosis
endocytosis and exocytosis is a procss of cell eating and drinnking. it is a mazor tool for self defence to an individual cell. there are some molecular mechanism for this process described in given notes.
Cell membrane and
The cell membrane has a bilayer structure with phospholipids arranged tail-to-tail and proteins free to move within. It defines the cell boundaries and contains specialized proteins for functions like receptor and transport roles. Diffusion and facilitated diffusion allow passive movement of solutes down concentration gradients through membrane pores or protein channels. Osmosis allows water to diffuse through aquaporin pores down its concentration gradient. Active transport uses proteins like the sodium-potassium pump and endocytosis and exocytosis involve vesicle transport of substances into and out of the cell using membrane invagination and fusion.
Cellular Transport
Cellular transport requires both passive and active mechanisms. Passive transport includes diffusion and osmosis, which move substances according to concentration gradients without energy input. Active transport moves substances against concentration gradients and requires ATP. Examples of active transport are endocytosis, which moves materials into the cell, and exocytosis, which moves materials out of the cell.
Cell Transport and The Plasma Membrane
1. Cell membranes are phospholipid bilayers with embedded proteins that control what enters and exits the cell to maintain homeostasis.
2. There are two types of cellular transport - passive transport, which does not require energy, and active transport, which uses ATP. Passive transport includes diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. Active transport moves molecules against a concentration gradient using protein pumps, endocytosis, or exocytosis.
3. The movement of water and solutes into and out of cells depends on the solution's tonicity - hypotonic solutions cause cells to swell via osmosis, hypertonic solutions cause shrinking, and isotonic solutions do not change cell volume. Organisms have various mechanisms
B.Sc. Microbiology/Biotech II Cell biology and Genetics Unit 3 cell transport
The document discusses cell membranes and transport. It begins by describing the basic components of cell membranes, including that they are made of lipids and proteins. It notes that plant, fungi, and bacteria cells have cell walls in addition to cell membranes. The document then discusses the functions of cell membranes as gatekeepers that regulate transport into and out of cells and help maintain homeostasis. It describes different types of transport across cell membranes, including passive transport mechanisms like diffusion and facilitated diffusion, and active transport which requires energy. It provides examples of transport proteins involved in these processes. The document concludes by summarizing endocytosis and exocytosis for transporting larger molecules and macromolecules across cell membranes.
Transport Across Membranes
A cell is in similitude with a fenced house that has a gate. The cell membrane serves to a cell what function does to a house. Just like a gate allows for passage to and fro the house, the cell membrane has adaptions that allow communication between the internal environment with the external environment.
Active Transport New
Active transport requires cells to use energy in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient, such as the sodium-potassium pump transporting sodium and potassium ions across nerve cell membranes. The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to pump 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions into the cell against their gradients. Transport proteins also use active transport for molecules too large to pass through the membrane on their own, such as during endocytosis and exocytosis.
Passive Transport
Passive transport across the plasma membrane can occur through simple diffusion of molecules like water, or through transport proteins. Transport proteins include channel proteins that form channels for molecules to pass through simultaneously without energy input, and carrier proteins that bind molecules and change shape to transport them one by one against the concentration gradient through facilitated diffusion, requiring no energy from the cell. All of these examples of passive transport rely on molecular movement down a concentration gradient without cellular energy input.
Types of movement across the cell membrane
There are three main types of movement across cell membranes: passive transport, which does not require energy and includes diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion; endocytosis and exocytosis, which allow materials to enter and exit cells through membrane vesicles; and active transport, which uses energy to transport molecules against their concentration gradient using carrier proteins. Whether water moves into or out of a cell depends on if the external solution is isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic relative to the cell.
Cell membrane transport
This document summarizes different types of membrane transport in cells, including passive transport through diffusion and osmosis, as well as active transport that requires energy. It describes how diffusion moves molecules from high to low concentration down a gradient, and osmosis moves water across membranes. Active transport uses protein pumps to move molecules against their concentration gradient by consuming ATP. The roles of exocytosis and endocytosis in moving larger molecules in and out of cells is also outlined. Directed evolution in the lab can be used to accelerate the natural process of evolving new enzymes through genetic mutation and selection.
Transport cell membrane
This document provides information on transport across cell membranes. It begins by outlining the key topics to be covered, including the importance of cell membranes, types of transport mechanisms, and details on active transport. It then discusses the structure of the cell membrane and defines different types of transport mechanisms, including passive transport mechanisms like diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. Finally, it provides more details on active transport mechanisms, distinguishing between primary and secondary active transport. In summary, the document serves as an introduction to transport across cell membranes, covering both passive and active transport mechanisms at a high level.
Transport mechanism
This document discusses different types of transport mechanisms in cells. There are two main types: passive transport, which moves materials down their concentration gradient without cellular energy expenditure, and active transport, which moves materials against their concentration gradient using cellular energy. Passive transport includes diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. Osmosis specifically refers to the diffusion of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane down its concentration gradient. Active transport requires ATP and includes endocytosis, exocytosis, and transport across membranes via carrier proteins.
Transport through plasma membrane
This document discusses various mechanisms of transport across the plasma membrane. It begins by introducing passive transport, which moves substances along concentration gradients without requiring energy. Specific passive transport mechanisms discussed include simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, bulk flow, filtration, and osmosis. Active transport is then covered, which moves substances against gradients and requires energy. Primary and secondary active transport mechanisms such as sodium-potassium pumps, calcium pumps, and sodium symport/antiport are explained. Special transport mechanisms like endocytosis, exocytosis, transcytosis, and molecular motors are also summarized. Finally, examples of applied physiology involving abnormalities of transport mechanisms are provided.
Cell transport.ppt n
This document discusses key concepts about cell membranes and transport. It explains that cell membranes are semi-permeable and regulate movement of molecules in and out of cells. Small molecules can pass through via diffusion down their concentration gradient, while larger molecules require channel proteins. Water transport occurs via osmosis. The direction of osmosis depends on the solution concentrations inside and outside the cell. Active transport requires energy and moves molecules against their concentration gradient.
transport across cell membranes
Facilitated diffusion is the passive transport of molecules across a cell membrane using carrier proteins. There are two main types of carrier proteins: carrier proteins that bind to specific molecules and undergo a conformational change to transport them across the membrane, and ion channels that have pores lined with charged groups to transport ions. Facilitated diffusion is saturated at high concentration differences because there are a limited number of carrier proteins.
Passive transport
Two main points of passive transport are that it requires no energy and substances move from areas of higher to lower concentration. There are three types: diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration areas. Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from high to low concentration areas across a membrane. Facilitated diffusion uses channel proteins to move molecules from high to low concentration areas.
Proteries of Water Notes
Water is essential for living things because it makes up most of their bodies. It has unique properties including polarity, hydrogen bonding, and temperature moderation. Polarity gives water polar molecules that allow it to dissolve many substances. Hydrogen bonding between water molecules accounts for its three states as a solid, liquid, or gas and allows water to stick to itself and other surfaces. Its high heat capacity means water absorbs large amounts of energy during temperature changes to maintain homeostasis in organisms.
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This document summarizes different types of cellular transport, including passive transport mechanisms like diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis as well as active transport mechanisms like protein pumps, endocytosis, and exocytosis. Passive transport involves the diffusion of molecules or ions down their concentration gradient without cellular energy expenditure, while active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient by using energy in the form of ATP.
Cell membranes m pr
Cell membranes are composed of a phospholipid bilayer with intrinsic and extrinsic proteins embedded. The phospholipid bilayer forms a partially permeable barrier through which selective transport of molecules can occur. Intrinsic proteins span the bilayer and facilitate both passive diffusion of small molecules down a concentration gradient, as well as active transport of molecules against a gradient using energy from ATP. Together, the fluid phospholipid bilayer and embedded transport proteins allow cells to control what enters and exits across the membrane.
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The document discusses the structure and function of the plasma membrane and the movement of substances across it. The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable phospholipid bilayer that controls the movement of substances into and out of cells. Substances can move passively via simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, or osmosis. Active transport requires energy and transports molecules against a concentration gradient using carrier proteins.
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This document discusses various mechanisms of transport across the plasma membrane, including diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport. Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradient, and can occur passively through the membrane or through carrier proteins. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a lower to higher solute concentration. Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires energy in the form of ATP. There are two types of active transport: primary uses ATP directly and secondary utilizes ion gradients.
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This document provides an overview of active and passive transport mechanisms in cells. It defines active transport as movement against a concentration gradient requiring energy, and defines types of active transport including primary and secondary. It then discusses endocytosis and exocytosis, the processes by which cells take in and release substances. It also defines different types of passive transport including diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion, and provides examples of each.
Endocytosis exocytosis
endocytosis and exocytosis is a procss of cell eating and drinnking. it is a mazor tool for self defence to an individual cell. there are some molecular mechanism for this process described in given notes.
Cell membrane and
The cell membrane has a bilayer structure with phospholipids arranged tail-to-tail and proteins free to move within. It defines the cell boundaries and contains specialized proteins for functions like receptor and transport roles. Diffusion and facilitated diffusion allow passive movement of solutes down concentration gradients through membrane pores or protein channels. Osmosis allows water to diffuse through aquaporin pores down its concentration gradient. Active transport uses proteins like the sodium-potassium pump and endocytosis and exocytosis involve vesicle transport of substances into and out of the cell using membrane invagination and fusion.
Cellular Transport
Cellular transport requires both passive and active mechanisms. Passive transport includes diffusion and osmosis, which move substances according to concentration gradients without energy input. Active transport moves substances against concentration gradients and requires ATP. Examples of active transport are endocytosis, which moves materials into the cell, and exocytosis, which moves materials out of the cell.
Cell Transport and The Plasma Membrane
1. Cell membranes are phospholipid bilayers with embedded proteins that control what enters and exits the cell to maintain homeostasis.
2. There are two types of cellular transport - passive transport, which does not require energy, and active transport, which uses ATP. Passive transport includes diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. Active transport moves molecules against a concentration gradient using protein pumps, endocytosis, or exocytosis.
3. The movement of water and solutes into and out of cells depends on the solution's tonicity - hypotonic solutions cause cells to swell via osmosis, hypertonic solutions cause shrinking, and isotonic solutions do not change cell volume. Organisms have various mechanisms
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The document discusses cell membranes and transport. It begins by describing the basic components of cell membranes, including that they are made of lipids and proteins. It notes that plant, fungi, and bacteria cells have cell walls in addition to cell membranes. The document then discusses the functions of cell membranes as gatekeepers that regulate transport into and out of cells and help maintain homeostasis. It describes different types of transport across cell membranes, including passive transport mechanisms like diffusion and facilitated diffusion, and active transport which requires energy. It provides examples of transport proteins involved in these processes. The document concludes by summarizing endocytosis and exocytosis for transporting larger molecules and macromolecules across cell membranes.
Transport Across Membranes
A cell is in similitude with a fenced house that has a gate. The cell membrane serves to a cell what function does to a house. Just like a gate allows for passage to and fro the house, the cell membrane has adaptions that allow communication between the internal environment with the external environment.
Active Transport New
Active transport requires cells to use energy in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient, such as the sodium-potassium pump transporting sodium and potassium ions across nerve cell membranes. The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to pump 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions into the cell against their gradients. Transport proteins also use active transport for molecules too large to pass through the membrane on their own, such as during endocytosis and exocytosis.
Passive Transport
Passive transport across the plasma membrane can occur through simple diffusion of molecules like water, or through transport proteins. Transport proteins include channel proteins that form channels for molecules to pass through simultaneously without energy input, and carrier proteins that bind molecules and change shape to transport them one by one against the concentration gradient through facilitated diffusion, requiring no energy from the cell. All of these examples of passive transport rely on molecular movement down a concentration gradient without cellular energy input.
Types of movement across the cell membrane
There are three main types of movement across cell membranes: passive transport, which does not require energy and includes diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion; endocytosis and exocytosis, which allow materials to enter and exit cells through membrane vesicles; and active transport, which uses energy to transport molecules against their concentration gradient using carrier proteins. Whether water moves into or out of a cell depends on if the external solution is isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic relative to the cell.
Cell membrane transport
This document summarizes different types of membrane transport in cells, including passive transport through diffusion and osmosis, as well as active transport that requires energy. It describes how diffusion moves molecules from high to low concentration down a gradient, and osmosis moves water across membranes. Active transport uses protein pumps to move molecules against their concentration gradient by consuming ATP. The roles of exocytosis and endocytosis in moving larger molecules in and out of cells is also outlined. Directed evolution in the lab can be used to accelerate the natural process of evolving new enzymes through genetic mutation and selection.
Transport cell membrane
This document provides information on transport across cell membranes. It begins by outlining the key topics to be covered, including the importance of cell membranes, types of transport mechanisms, and details on active transport. It then discusses the structure of the cell membrane and defines different types of transport mechanisms, including passive transport mechanisms like diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. Finally, it provides more details on active transport mechanisms, distinguishing between primary and secondary active transport. In summary, the document serves as an introduction to transport across cell membranes, covering both passive and active transport mechanisms at a high level.
Transport mechanism
This document discusses different types of transport mechanisms in cells. There are two main types: passive transport, which moves materials down their concentration gradient without cellular energy expenditure, and active transport, which moves materials against their concentration gradient using cellular energy. Passive transport includes diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. Osmosis specifically refers to the diffusion of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane down its concentration gradient. Active transport requires ATP and includes endocytosis, exocytosis, and transport across membranes via carrier proteins.
Transport through plasma membrane
This document discusses various mechanisms of transport across the plasma membrane. It begins by introducing passive transport, which moves substances along concentration gradients without requiring energy. Specific passive transport mechanisms discussed include simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, bulk flow, filtration, and osmosis. Active transport is then covered, which moves substances against gradients and requires energy. Primary and secondary active transport mechanisms such as sodium-potassium pumps, calcium pumps, and sodium symport/antiport are explained. Special transport mechanisms like endocytosis, exocytosis, transcytosis, and molecular motors are also summarized. Finally, examples of applied physiology involving abnormalities of transport mechanisms are provided.
Cell transport.ppt n
This document discusses key concepts about cell membranes and transport. It explains that cell membranes are semi-permeable and regulate movement of molecules in and out of cells. Small molecules can pass through via diffusion down their concentration gradient, while larger molecules require channel proteins. Water transport occurs via osmosis. The direction of osmosis depends on the solution concentrations inside and outside the cell. Active transport requires energy and moves molecules against their concentration gradient.
transport across cell membranes
Facilitated diffusion is the passive transport of molecules across a cell membrane using carrier proteins. There are two main types of carrier proteins: carrier proteins that bind to specific molecules and undergo a conformational change to transport them across the membrane, and ion channels that have pores lined with charged groups to transport ions. Facilitated diffusion is saturated at high concentration differences because there are a limited number of carrier proteins.
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Passive transport
Two main points of passive transport are that it requires no energy and substances move from areas of higher to lower concentration. There are three types: diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration areas. Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from high to low concentration areas across a membrane. Facilitated diffusion uses channel proteins to move molecules from high to low concentration areas.
Proteries of Water Notes
Water is essential for living things because it makes up most of their bodies. It has unique properties including polarity, hydrogen bonding, and temperature moderation. Polarity gives water polar molecules that allow it to dissolve many substances. Hydrogen bonding between water molecules accounts for its three states as a solid, liquid, or gas and allows water to stick to itself and other surfaces. Its high heat capacity means water absorbs large amounts of energy during temperature changes to maintain homeostasis in organisms.
G7 ch2.3 2.4 - cellular transport
Cellular transport involves the passive and active movement of substances across the cell membrane. Passive transport includes diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis, which move substances down their concentration gradient without energy expenditure. Active transport moves substances against their gradient by using cellular energy in the form of ATP. Endocytosis and exocytosis are mechanisms for cells to take in and release larger particles by engulfing and vesiculating parts of the membrane. Cell size and surface area have an important relationship to transport, as larger surface area is needed to support substance movement into and out of a cell.
Passive transport
Membranes allow selective transport of molecules across them. There are three main types of transport:
1) Diffusion is the passive movement of particles down a concentration gradient without needing energy. It occurs through the phospholipid bilayer or using carrier proteins.
2) Facilitated diffusion also moves molecules passively down a concentration gradient but uses carrier proteins to transport molecules that cannot diffuse through the bilayer.
3) Osmosis is the passive movement of water molecules from low to high solute concentration areas since water can pass through membranes but solute particles cannot to equalize concentrations.
Cell Transportation and The Cell Cycle
1. Cellular transport occurs through passive or active methods. Passive transport relies on diffusion or facilitates diffusion down a concentration gradient, while active transport requires energy to move substances against a gradient.
2. The cell cycle involves interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis to duplicate a cell's contents and divide it into two daughter cells. During interphase, the cell grows and copies its DNA. Mitosis then divides the nucleus and chromosomes. Cytokinesis finally divides the cytoplasm.
3. Factors like diffusion limits, DNA and organelle replication needs, and surface area to volume ratios constrain cell size, requiring cell division for growth. Cancer results from uncontrolled cell division leading to tumors that can metastasize.
Passive Transport Notes
Passive transport involves the movement of substances down their concentration gradient without requiring energy. There are four main types of passive transport: diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and diffusion through ion channels. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to low concentration and does not require energy. When a cell is placed in solutions of different concentrations, water will move in or out of the cell by osmosis to reach equilibrium. [/SUMMARY]
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This document discusses different types of transport mechanisms in cells including passive transport mechanisms like diffusion and osmosis, as well as active transport which moves molecules against their concentration gradient using energy. It provides examples of osmosis in plant and animal cells and the effects of osmotic pressure on cell structure and function.
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This document discusses transport across membranes, including three categories of transport mechanisms: passive transport, active transport, and endocytosis/exocytosis. Passive transport relies on diffusion and concentration gradients and includes simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. Active transport uses energy to move molecules against concentration gradients, including primary and secondary active transport. Endocytosis imports materials into cells using mechanisms like pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and phagocytosis, while exocytosis exports materials out of cells using secretory vesicles.
Passive and Active Transport
There are two main types of transport across cell membranes: passive transport and active transport. Passive transport involves diffusion, osmosis, or facilitated diffusion, which move substances down their concentration gradient without requiring energy. Active transport pumps substances against their gradient by using energy from ATP. Some examples of passive transport are oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusing across membranes and water moving through osmosis, while the sodium-potassium pump is an example of active transport.
Active and passive transport
The document discusses two types of transport across the plasma membrane: passive transport, which moves particles down a concentration gradient without requiring energy, and active transport, which moves particles against a concentration gradient and requires energy. Passive transport occurs through diffusion or facilitated diffusion, while active transport uses carrier proteins or endocytosis.
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Biology lecture 2
1. The document discusses cellular transport, including the structure of the cell membrane and different types of transport processes.
2. There are two main types of cellular transport - passive transport, which doesn't require energy, and active transport, which does. Passive transport includes diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.
3. Active transport uses energy and can move molecules against a concentration gradient, using protein pumps, endocytosis, or exocytosis. The effects of osmosis on cells in hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions are also explained.
Cell transport notes 2006
Cell membranes are selectively permeable due to their lipid bilayer structure. This allows different types of transport across the membrane, including passive transport via diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. Active transport also occurs and requires energy as it transports molecules against a concentration gradient using protein pumps, endocytosis, or exocytosis. The movement of water in and out of cells is especially important and depends on whether the external solution is hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic. Organisms have various mechanisms to regulate osmotic pressure and transport of molecules across membranes.
Cell transport notes (supplement)
The document summarizes key concepts about cellular transport:
1. Cell membranes are selectively permeable and use passive and active transport to regulate what enters and exits cells. Passive transport uses diffusion or facilitated diffusion and requires no energy.
2. Active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient and requires energy. It includes protein pumps, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
3. Osmosis is passive transport of water through membranes. It causes cells to swell or shrink depending if the solution is hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic relative to the cell. Organisms use various mechanisms to regulate osmotic balance.
P.mauri membrane transport
The document summarizes the structure and functions of the cell membrane. It discusses that the cell membrane is made up of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins. It selectively controls the movement of substances in and out of cells using both passive transport mechanisms like diffusion and facilitated diffusion, as well as active transport processes that require cellular energy. The different types of cellular transport mechanisms allow cells to maintain homeostasis.
Cell Membrane And Cell Transport Notes New
The document discusses cellular transport and the cell membrane. It explains that the cell membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell to maintain homeostasis. There are two main types of transport - passive transport which doesn't require energy, and active transport which does. Passive transport includes diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. Active transport uses protein pumps and transports molecules against their concentration gradient.
Cell transport notes 2006
The document discusses cellular transport and the cell membrane. It covers the structure of the cell membrane including the lipid bilayer and embedded proteins. It describes the three main types of passive transport - diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. Diffusion is the random movement of particles from high to low concentration. Facilitated diffusion uses transport proteins to move larger molecules. Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. The document also covers the three main types of active transport - protein pumps, endocytosis, and exocytosis - which all require energy to move molecules against a concentration gradient. It discusses the effects of hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions on cells and how organisms deal with os
CELL TRANSPORTATION.pptx
Cell transport is the movement of substances across the cell membrane either into or out of the cell. There are two main types of cell transport: passive transport, which occurs naturally down a concentration gradient without energy, and active transport, which moves substances against a concentration gradient and requires energy. Passive transport includes simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis, while active transport processes utilize the sodium-potassium pump, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
Membrane Structures and Functions
The document provides an overview of membrane structure and function:
1. It describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane, which explains that membranes are composed of a bilayer of phospholipids embedded with integral and peripheral proteins that give the membrane a fluid structure.
2. The key components of cell membranes are phospholipids, cholesterol, and integral and peripheral proteins. Transport proteins like channel and carrier proteins allow selective permeability across the membrane.
3. Membrane proteins have a variety of important roles including cell-cell recognition, transport, enzymatic activity, and attachment to intracellular structures. The fluid mosaic structure and selective permeability of membranes allows them to regulate cellular traffic.
Cell transport Biotech
The cell membrane separates the components of a cell from its environment and regulates what passes in and out through passive and active transport. Passive transport includes diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis, and moves particles from high to low concentration without energy. Active transport requires energy to move particles from low to high concentration against the gradient. Some cells also have a cell wall providing structure and protection to plant, fungi, and bacteria cells.
Cellulartransportpowerpoint
The cell membrane separates the components of a cell from its environment and regulates what passes in and out through passive and active transport. Passive transport includes diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis, and moves particles from high to low concentration without energy. Active transport requires energy to move particles from low to high concentration against the gradient. Some cells also have a cell wall providing structure and protection to plant, fungi, and bacteria cells.
Cell transport notes
The document summarizes cellular transport and the structure and function of the cell membrane. It discusses that the cell membrane is a lipid bilayer with proteins that controls what enters and exits the cell. It describes three types of passive transport - diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis - which move molecules from areas of high to low concentration without cell energy usage. Three types of active transport are also outlined - protein pumps, endocytosis, and exocytosis - which move molecules against a concentration gradient and require energy. The effects of hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions on cells through osmosis are explained.
Transport of nutrients By KK Sahu Sir
The document discusses transport of nutrients, ions, and macromolecules across cell membranes. It explains that the plasma membrane acts as a semi-permeable barrier that allows selective transport through passive or active mechanisms. Passive transport includes osmosis, simple diffusion, and facilitated diffusion, which move molecules down concentration gradients without energy. Active transport uses membrane proteins like ion pumps and carriers to move molecules against gradients, requiring energy sources like ATP. Transport proteins include channels, carriers, and pumps that facilitate movement of nutrients across membranes.
Active transport 13-14
This document defines key terms related to transport across cell membranes, including solutes, solvents, concentration, diffusion, equilibrium, and passive transport. It then describes active transport, which uses energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient using transport proteins. Larger materials are transported across cell membranes via endocytosis and exocytosis. Endocytosis involves engulfing materials into the cell, while exocytosis involves forming vesicles within the cell to expel materials outside the cell.
Cells 2 homeostasis
1) Protists maintain homeostasis through various transport mechanisms across their cell membranes, including passive transport like diffusion and osmosis, as well as active transport powered by ATP.
2) Examples of protists like Paramecium, Amoeba, and Euglena demonstrate different modes of movement, feeding, waste removal, and reproduction to regulate their internal environments.
3) Paramecium uses cilia to sweep in food and remove wastes, Amoeba forms pseudopods for movement and surrounds prey, and Euglena uses flagella and chloroplasts depending on light levels for photosynthesis or absorbing nutrients.
Cell transport
Cell transport involves the movement of substances into and out of cells through passive or active transport. Passive transport includes diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion which do not require energy. Active transport uses energy from ATP to move substances against a concentration gradient or into cells through ion pumps and endocytosis/exocytosis. Substances move across membranes through concentration gradients in passive transport or with the help of transport proteins in active transport.
Module 5, lesson 1 cell transport power point 1
The document summarizes key concepts about cellular transport. It describes the structure and functions of the cell membrane, including the lipid bilayer and proteins. It then explains the three main types of transport - passive (diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis), active (protein pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis). Passive transport moves molecules down a concentration gradient without energy, while active transport moves molecules against a gradient by using cellular energy.
Cellular transport
1. Cell membranes are composed of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins. This structure allows cell membranes to be selectively permeable and control what enters and exits the cell.
2. There are two types of cellular transport: passive transport, which does not require energy, and active transport, which does require energy. Passive transport includes diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.
3. Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to low water concentration. In a hypotonic solution, cells will swell and burst. In a hypertonic solution, cells will shrink.
Cell transport notes
1. Cell membranes are composed of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins. This structure allows cell membranes to be selectively permeable and control what enters and exits the cell.
2. There are two main types of cellular transport - passive transport, which does not require energy, and active transport, which does require energy. Passive transport includes diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.
3. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to lower concentration. In a hypotonic solution, cells will gain water and swell. In a hypertonic solution, cells will lose water and shrink.
Cell transportation combined
The document discusses cellular transport and the plasma membrane. It describes the key functions of the plasma membrane including absorption and circulation of materials through the organism. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable and uses both passive and active transport mechanisms. Passive transport includes diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis which move molecules down concentration gradients without energy. Active transport uses ATP and transport proteins to move molecules against concentration gradients. Endocytosis and exocytosis are described as mechanisms to transport larger particles and molecules into and out of cells.
Cell membrane powerpoint diffusion and osmosis revised
The cell membrane controls what enters and exits the cell through selective permeability. Small uncharged molecules can pass through the membrane via simple diffusion or be transported through protein channels during facilitated diffusion. Larger molecules and ions require active transport proteins that use energy to move them against their concentration gradient. Endocytosis and exocytosis allow cells to take in and release larger particles or liquids through inward folding or outward budding of the membrane. Cell equilibrium is maintained through these passive and active transport processes.
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Cell membrane powerpoint diffusion and osmosis revised
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Chemical coordination
The document discusses the endocrine system, which consists of glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate metabolism, growth, reproduction, and other essential body functions. The major glands include the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, gonads, pineal gland, and thymus. Hormones help coordinate communication between different organs and cells to maintain homeostasis.
Nervous coordination
The nervous system allows for coordination in the body through electrochemical signaling between neurons. It consists of neurons and neuroglia. Neurons receive and transmit signals via dendrites, the cell body, and the axon. There are three types of neurons - sensory, motor, and inter. A nerve impulse is generated through changes in the neuron's membrane potential and the opening and closing of ion channels, causing the signal to propagate along the axon. At a synapse, neurotransmitters transmit the signal to the next neuron. Reflexes are automatic responses to stimuli.
Cupping therapy
Cupping therapy is an ancient healing method that involves placing cups on the skin to enhance blood flow. It works by using suction to draw the skin and deeper tissues up underneath the cups. This increases circulation and brings impurities to the surface of the skin to be released. Cupping has been used for thousands of years in places like Egypt, China, and the Middle East to treat various health conditions by reducing inflammation and toxins in the body. It stimulates blood and lymph flow while strengthening the immune system. Cupping can help many issues like pain, respiratory problems, and skin conditions. It is a generally safe technique when performed properly by a trained practitioner.
Plant classification
The document provides information on plant classification, describing the four main groups that plants are classified into: mosses and liverworts, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants. It then focuses on mosses, providing details on their characteristics, life cycle, and subdivisions. The document also briefly outlines key aspects of ferns, conifers, and the angiosperms.
Introduction to plants 1233859493415311-3
1) Plants evolved adaptations like a waxy cuticle, stomata, and the ability to reproduce using pollen to survive on land.
2) Vascular plants have conducting tissues that transport water and nutrients, as well as seeds and flowers that make reproduction more efficient.
3) Angiosperms are divided into monocots and dicots based on differences in their leaves, roots, vascular tissue, and floral structures.
Chp9 growth and development
This document discusses plant growth and development, including:
1. It describes vegetative growth patterns in shoots and roots of annuals, biennials, and perennials.
2. Environmental factors like light, temperature, water, and gases influence plant growth. Light intensity, day length, and temperature correlate with seasonal growth patterns.
3. Reproductive growth involves phases from flower induction through fruit maturation. Flowering is induced by day length (photoperiodism) in some plants and temperature (vernalization) in others.
Chap. 4 plant reproduction final
Plant reproduction involves an alternation of generations between haploid and diploid phases. In seed plants like angiosperms, the sporophyte phase is dominant. During reproduction, the male gametophyte (pollen grain) fertilizes the female gametophyte inside the ovule. This triggers double fertilization, where one sperm cell fuses with the egg to form a zygote embryo, and another sperm fuses with polar nuclei to form triploid endosperm tissue to nourish the developing seed.
plant morphological lab activities ch 091129203156-phpapp01
This document discusses plant tissues and how they are organized in plant structures like stems, roots, and leaves. It describes the basic tissue types found in plants like parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma, as well as complex tissues like xylem, phloem and epidermis. The chapter also examines how plant tissues develop and are arranged differently between monocots and dicots.
chapter 4
Cell division through mitosis and meiosis is essential for growth, development, and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells during normal growth and tissue repair. Meiosis produces gametes like sperm and egg cells that have half the number of chromosomes, allowing sexual reproduction to create offspring with a full set of chromosomes from both parents. DNA is replicated and passed on to new cells through these cell division processes to ensure genetic continuity.
Stems 100926175806-phpapp02
Stems have several functions including supporting leaves, flowers, and fruits; transporting water and nutrients between roots and other plant parts; and storing food. They originate from the epicotyl region of seed embryos. Herbaceous stems are soft and green while woody stems are tough with secondary growth. Stems have internal specialized tissues like xylem and phloem that conduct water and nutrients respectively. Some stems are modified for storage, protection, or reproduction.
Mende
Mendel conducted experiments crossing pea plants that differed in distinct traits like seed color and shape. He discovered that traits are transmitted from parents to offspring through discrete units called genes located on chromosomes. His laws of heredity showed that for each trait there are two alleles that separate during gamete formation, with one randomly passed from each parent. The dominant allele will be expressed in offspring while the recessive is not. Additionally, different genes assort independently during gamete formation and fertilization.
Genotype and phenotype
The document discusses the differences between genotype and phenotype. Genotype refers to how genes code for a specific trait, using capital letters for dominant traits and lowercase for recessive traits. Phenotype refers to the outward appearance or expression of a trait. Some examples provided are that genotype could be TT for a purebred dominant tall pea plant, while phenotype looks at the actual observed trait of being tall. The key difference is that genotype deals with gene code, while phenotype deals with observable characteristics and traits.
Genetics 2
The document discusses heredity and genetics, including Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants that laid the foundations for modern genetics. It explains basic genetics concepts such as alleles, genotypes, phenotypes, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. The document also covers inheritance patterns such as incomplete dominance, codominance, and sex-linked traits.
Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes and inheritance of traits. Characteristics are physical features like eye color that come in different versions called traits, such as blue, green, or brown eyes. Inheritance occurs when traits are passed from parent to child through genes, which are bits of DNA information. Genetic diseases can be inherited from parent to child, such as Marfan syndrome. Reproduction can be sexual, through fertilization of an egg by sperm, or asexual through copying; both result in offspring. Mutations in genes during reproduction can produce new traits in offspring.
Genetics
Gregor Mendel discovered the fundamental principles of genetics through breeding pea plants. He found that traits are determined by alleles, or alternative forms of genes. Dominant alleles will mask recessive alleles in heterozygous individuals. Mendel used Punnett squares and conducted monohybrid and dihybrid crosses to study inheritance patterns, discovering the principles of segregation and independent assortment. The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant over time if certain conditions are met.
Genetic code 2081
The document outlines the process of RNA and protein synthesis, including the structure and types of RNA such as messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA, as well as the steps of transcription, translation, and the roles of RNA and DNA in coding for proteins. Key concepts covered are the genetic code, how mRNA carries instructions to assemble amino acids brought by tRNAs into proteins with the help of rRNA during translation on the ribosome.
Genetic traits
The document summarizes various genetic traits and what is known about their heritability. For traits like earlobe attachment, thumb extension, tongue rolling, dimples, and freckles, some scientists have reported they are due to a single dominant gene, while others note multiple genes may be involved. Handedness and hair curl have been linked to single or multiple genes. Allergies have a genetic component and risk increases with an allergic parent or parents. Views on hand clasping and colorblindness also provide insight into their genetic basis.
52 ch13mendel2007
This document summarizes Gregor Mendel's pioneering work in genetics through experiments breeding pea plants. Mendel documented traits like flower color and seed shape over multiple generations of pea plants. His data showed that traits are inherited as discrete units and that some traits are dominant over recessive traits. Mendel's findings established the basic principles of heredity, including the laws of segregation and independent assortment. His work laid the foundation for modern genetics.
07 gene mutations
The document discusses gene mutations, specifically point mutations that affect a single gene. It describes how mutations can occur at the DNA, mRNA, and protein levels through substitutions, inversions, additions, and deletions. This leads to changes in amino acid sequences which can significantly impact protein structure and function, potentially causing genetic disorders. Sickle cell anemia is provided as a specific example and results from a single nucleotide substitution in the beta-hemoglobin gene.
Molecular genetics partii 100131193902-phpapp01
This document discusses the process by which DNA is transcribed into mRNA and then translated into protein. Key points include:
- One gene typically codes for one polypeptide through a multi-step process of transcription and translation.
- During transcription, DNA is copied into mRNA by RNA polymerase. The mRNA then undergoes processing before exiting the nucleus, including capping, polyadenylation, and splicing of introns.
- During translation, the mRNA binds to ribosomes where transfer RNA molecules bring amino acids in the proper sequence specified by the mRNA codon sequence to produce a polypeptide chain.
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Passivetransport 090810143312-phpapp01
- 1. Cellular Transport ‘07 Biology
- 2. 2 Types: Active Passive Energy! No energy!
- 3. Passive Transport Substances are allowed to cross the cell membrane without any input of energy Remember: The cell membrane is “selectively permeable” QuickTimeª and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.
- 4. Types of Passive Transport Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Osmosis
- 5. Diffusion Movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to low How does it work? “Kinetic energy” (energy in motion) Concentration gradient- caused by a difference in concentration Diffusion results in equilibrium (all molecules occupy the same amount of space)
- 6. Facilitated Diffusion Some molecules are helped across the cell membrane by carrier proteins No energy is required in this process QuickTimeª and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.
- 7. Osmosis The diffusion of water across the cell membrane The direction of osmosis depends on the concentration of solutes inside and outside the cell
- 8. Osmosis (continued) Hypotonic- concentration of solutes outside the cell is lower than the concentration inside Hypertonic- concentration outside is higher than inside Isotonic- concentrations inside and out are equal
- 9. Direction of Osmosis QuickTimeª and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.
- 10. Active Transport Sometimes cells must move molecules against the concentration gradient This process requires energy (ATP) and special protein “pumps”
- 11. Sodium-Potassium Pump Special proteins within the membrane that transport Na+ and K- ions Some cells must have a higher concentration of Na+ ions outside of the cell and a higher concentration of K- ions inside the cell 2 Potassiums are brought in for every 3 Sodiums removed
- 12. Sodium-Potassium Pump QuickTimeª and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.
- 13. Movement In Vesicles Some molecules are too big to be transported across the cell membrane by passive and active transport Endocytosis- “cell eating” Exocytosis- “cell pooping”
- 14. Endocytosis Process by which cells ingest macromolecules, fluids, large particles and even other cells These molecules are enclose in a bubble of membrane (vesicle) that pinches away from the cell membrane
- 15. Endocytosis (continued) Pinocytosis- ingestion of small particles and fluid Phagocytosis- ingestion of large molecules or other cells QuickTimeª and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.
- 16. Exocytosis Process by which waste and large particles are released from the cell A vesicle will fuse with the membrane, releasing its contents into the extra cellular environment
- 17. Endocytosis/Exocytosis QuickTimeª and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.
Editor's Notes
- What is meant by the word transport? Moving substances across the cell membrane
- What is the cell membrane made of? Lipids make it polar--> oxygen and co2 can readily pass through Small molecules can pass through protein pores
- Spray aerosol into the corner of the classroom Kinetic energy --> Particles are constantly moving and bumping into each other Start a mosh pit in the corner of the classroom In the absence of outside influence diffusion will continue until equilibrium is reached
- Molecules may be too large or not soluble in lipids --> glucose
- Hypotonic solutions are good Cells adapt by pumping water or solutes out of the cytosol (contractile vacuoles or solute pumps) Plants love hypotonic environments --> turgor pressure Hypertonic solutions are bad…emkay Results in the loss of water --> plasmolysis Some cells cannot adjust to changes in environment (rbc’s) --> cytolysis or “cell bursting “ may result
- Macromolecules, nutrients, large quantities of small molecules
- The vesicles then fuse with other membrane bound organelles within the cell
- Phagocytosis can be used to ingest bacteria or viruses that invade the body! Pic --> white blood cell ingestng bacteria