Chapt 03
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This document outlines topics related to cell membrane transportation. It discusses four main types of molecular movement across cell membranes: passive transport (diffusion, osmosis), active transport (sodium-potassium pump), and vesicular transport (endocytosis, exocytosis). The key learning objectives are to understand these transport mechanisms and how they allow for the movement of molecules into and out of cells.
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1. Cell membranes form fluid barriers that regulate what moves in and out of cells using transport mechanisms like passive diffusion and active transport.
2. Passive transport relies on concentration gradients and includes diffusion and osmosis, while active transport uses membrane proteins and ATP to move molecules against a gradient.
3. Transport proteins like channels and carriers help move molecules across membranes selectively and regulate homeostasis of ions and molecules in different fluid compartments in the body.
cell membrane transport mechanisms and related disorders ppt..pptx
The document discusses cell membranes and transport mechanisms. It begins by describing the structure and function of the cell membrane, including that it is a lipid bilayer containing proteins. It then explains the different types of transport across membranes, including passive transport mechanisms like simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion, as well as active transport mechanisms like primary active transport using ATP and secondary active transport using ion gradients. Specific transport proteins and mechanisms discussed include sodium-potassium pumps, calcium pumps, hydrogen-potassium pumps, and sodium-glucose co-transporters. The document concludes by mentioning some applied aspects regarding transport mechanisms.
Module 5, lesson 1 cell transport power point 1
The document summarizes key concepts about cellular transport. It describes the structure and functions of the cell membrane, including the lipid bilayer and proteins. It then explains the three main types of transport - passive (diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis), active (protein pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis). Passive transport moves molecules down a concentration gradient without energy, while active transport moves molecules against a gradient by using cellular energy.
102 chapter 04 plasma membrane
The plasma membrane is a thin barrier that separates the cytoplasm from the external environment and regulates the movement of substances in and out of cells. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded transport proteins. Passive transport such as simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis move substances down concentration gradients, while active transport requires ATP to move substances against gradients. Endocytosis and exocytosis transport larger particles and vesicles into and out of cells. Cell junctions allow cells to connect and communicate, and cell walls provide support and protection for some cell types.
Similar to Chapt 03 (20)
Biology 12 - Plasma Membrane Permeability - Section 3-5
Biology 12 - Plasma Membrane Permeability - Section 3-5
cell membrane transport mechanisms and related disorders ppt..pptx
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More from Uthaya Kumar
Chapt 10
This document discusses molecular biology techniques. It begins by outlining the learning objectives, which are to list techniques used in molecular biology and describe microscopic observation, centrifugation, extraction, electrophoresis, and chromatography. It then provides details on each technique, including their purposes and basic procedures. Microscopic observation is used to study cells, centrifugation separates substances by density, extraction isolates molecules like DNA and proteins, electrophoresis separates charged substances using an electric field, and chromatography separates mixtures based on how they interact with different materials.
Chapt 09
This document discusses cytogenetic techniques used in genetics. It describes (1) cell culture techniques used to grow cells for analysis, (2) harvesting and chromosome spreading to view chromosomes, and (3) karyotyping and analysis to identify chromosomal abnormalities. Modern techniques like fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) allow visualization of specific DNA sequences and identification of DNA copy number changes.
Chapt 08
This document provides an overview of gene and chromosomal mutations. It defines mutations as changes in genes or chromosomes that are passed down to offspring. There are two main types of mutations: gene mutations, which alter DNA sequences within a gene, and chromosomal mutations, which involve changes in chromosome structure or number. The document outlines several specific types of gene mutations, including point mutations, frameshift mutations, insertions, and deletions. It also describes different types of chromosomal mutations, such as duplications, inversions, translocations, and changes in chromosome number. The goal is to help students understand the various ways mutations can occur in human genes and chromosomes.
Chapt 07
This document provides an overview of gene regulation in prokaryotes. It discusses operons, which are units of DNA that control the transcription of a set of genes. Specifically, it describes the lac and tryptophan operons in E. coli. The lac operon codes for enzymes involved in lactose digestion and is induced by the presence of lactose. The tryptophan operon codes for enzymes in the tryptophan synthesis pathway and is repressed by the presence of tryptophan. Both operons use a repressor protein that binds to the operator region to control transcription in response to environmental conditions.
Chapt 06
This document provides an overview of DNA replication and protein synthesis. It begins by outlining the learning objectives, which are to describe basic cell chemicals, explain their physical and chemical characteristics, and understand their physiological functions. The topics covered include the basic chemical substances in cells, with a focus on nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. DNA replication is then described as the process by which a DNA molecule makes two identical copies of itself. Key steps involve unwinding the DNA double helix, synthesizing new strands to complement the existing ones, and RNA primers that assist DNA polymerase. Proteins are defined as large organic compounds composed of amino acid chains, with their sequence encoded in genes.
Chapt 05
The document provides an overview of Mendel's laws of inheritance based on his experiments with garden peas. It defines key genetics terminology and describes Mendel's monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. His experiments demonstrated that traits are inherited as discrete units (genes) and that genes assort independently during gamete formation. The document also discusses exceptions to Mendel's laws, including codominance, incomplete dominance, and multiple alleles. Finally, it introduces the concept of genetic mapping using recombination frequencies.
Chapt 04
This document provides an overview of cell division through mitosis and meiosis. It begins by defining the learning outcomes, which are to define cell division, cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis; list the phases of mitosis and meiosis; and describe the events that occur in each phase. It then outlines the topics to be covered, which include cell division, the cell cycle (mitosis and meiosis), and the importance of mitosis and meiosis. The stages of the cell cycle are then defined, including interphase, the four phases of mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase), and cytokinesis. Meiosis is also introduced, dividing it into two divisions: Meiosis
Chapt 09
This document discusses cytogenetic techniques used in biology. It begins by outlining the learning objectives which are to list cytogenetic techniques and understand cell culture, harvesting chromosomes, and karyotyping. It then describes various techniques including cell culture, harvesting and spreading chromosomes, karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The purpose of these techniques is to examine genetic components of cells including chromosomes to study genetic abnormalities.
Chapt 08
Mutations are changes in genes or chromosomes that are passed on to offspring. There are two main types: gene mutations, which alter DNA sequences within a gene, and chromosomal mutations, which involve changes to chromosomes. Gene mutations include point mutations like substitutions of single nucleotide bases and frameshift mutations from insertions or deletions of bases. Chromosomal mutations involve changes in chromosome number, such as duplications, or structure, including deletions, inversions, and translocations of chromosomal segments. Understanding genetic mutations is important for developing knowledge of their effects in humans.
Chapt 07
This document provides an overview of gene regulation in prokaryotes. It discusses operons, which are units of DNA that control the transcription of a set of genes. It specifically examines the lac and tryptophan operons in E. coli. The lac operon codes for enzymes involved in lactose digestion and is induced by the presence of lactose. The tryptophan operon codes for enzymes in the tryptophan synthesis pathway and is repressed by the presence of tryptophan. Both operons use a repressor protein that binds to the operator region to control transcription in response to environmental conditions.
Chapt 06
This document provides an overview of DNA replication and protein synthesis. It begins by outlining the learning objectives, which are to describe basic cell chemicals, explain their physical and chemical characteristics, and understand their physiological functions. The topics covered include the basic chemical substances in cells, with a focus on nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. DNA replication is then described as the process by which DNA makes identical copies of itself. Finally, proteins are defined as large organic compounds composed of amino acid chains that are specified by genes.
Chapt 05
The document discusses Mendel's experiments on inheritance using garden peas. It explains key terms like alleles, genotypes, phenotypes. It describes how Mendel conducted a monohybrid cross by breeding pure-breeding tall and short pea plants. His findings showed that traits are inherited in discrete units (now called genes) and follow predictable patterns, laying the foundation for modern genetics. The ratios of offspring in the F2 generation supported his first law of segregation.
Chapt 04
This document provides an overview of cell division. It defines cell division and the cell cycle, which includes mitosis and meiosis. It outlines the topics to be covered, which are cell division, the cell cycle (including mitosis and meiosis), and the importance of mitosis and meiosis. It then describes the phases of interphase and mitosis, providing details about what occurs in each phase.
Chapt 10
This document discusses molecular biology techniques. It begins by outlining the learning objectives, which are to list techniques used in molecular biology and describe microscopy, centrifugation, extraction, electrophoresis, and chromatography. It then provides details on each technique, including their purposes and basic procedures. Microscopy is used to produce magnified images of cells and structures. Centrifugation separates substances by density. Extraction isolates molecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins. Electrophoresis separates charged substances using an electric field. Chromatography separates mixtures based on interactions with a solid or liquid medium.
Chapt 02
This document provides an overview of cell components and structures. It begins with an introduction to the course and learning outcomes. It then covers topics such as the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, membrane functions, membrane junctions, and special cell structures like microvilli. It also discusses the cytoskeleton, including the structures and functions of microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments, and associated structures like the centrosome and centrioles. The document uses diagrams and images to illustrate key cell structures and components.
Chapt 01
This chapter introduces animal cells by discussing their structure, characteristics, functions and cellular division. It covers the history of cell discovery from Hooke to Virchow and presents the modern cell theory. The chapter distinguishes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, describes the structures and organelles of plant and animal cells, and lists the objectives and learning outcomes of understanding cellular biology.
Chapt 00
This introductory biology course focuses on animal cell structure, characteristics, functions, and cellular division. It also covers the theory of inheritance, including the structure and role of genes, DNA, and chromosomes. The course objectives are to understand animal cell structure and functions, cell cycle and division, and DNA, chromosomes, and the theory of inheritance. Upon completing the course, students will be able to describe key cell structures and processes, discuss inheritance concepts, and explain protein and DNA synthesis.
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Chapt 03
- 3. Chapter 3 : Cell Membrane TransportationTopic Outlines 3.1 Movement of molecules in & out of cells 3.1.1 Types of movement 3.2 Passive transport 3.2.1Definition 3.2.2 Types of passive transport, principles, example 3.3 Active Transport 3.3.1 Principles & example of active transport 3.4 Vesicular transport 3.4.1 Principles & example of active transport © 2010 Cosmopoint
- 5. To understand the scope of biology and human genetics which includes the study of cell, structure of cell, division of cells, genetic materials, mutation and common genetic condition.
- 6. To acquire knowledge according diseases caused by genetic mutation.
- 7. To understand basic techniques involved in biology laboratory.
- 8. To understand laboratory hazards and step to ensure safety in biology procedure. © 2010 Cosmopoint
- 9. Chapter 3 : Cell Membrane TransportationLearning Outcomes After completing this lecture, students will be able to: (a) List out the types of cell membrane’s transport (b) Describe passive transport Diffusion Osmosis (c) Explain active transport Sodium/Potassium Pump (d) Summarize vesicular transport Exocytosis © 2010 Cosmopoint
- 11. Active Transport
- 12. Vascular Transport(a) Endocytosis (b) Exocytosis © 2010 Cosmopoint
- 14. - osmosis
- 15. - Facilitated diffusion© 2010 Cosmopoint
- 16. Chapter 3: Cell Membrane TransportationSub Topic 3.2.1/3.2.2 : Passive Transport/Definition Characteristics © 2010 Cosmopoint
- 18. Chapter 3: Cell Membrane TransportationSub Topic 3.2.2 Types of passive transport, principles, example © 2010 Cosmopoint
- 22. Size of diffusing molecules© 2010 Cosmopoint
- 24. Follows the concentration gradient& no energyis needed© 2010 Cosmopoint
- 26. Spontaneous, as a result of a downhill energy system called ‘water potential’
- 27. Water moves from an area of higher potentialto an area of lower water potential
- 28. Water potential= the tendency for water molecules to enter or leave a solution by osmosis© 2010 Cosmopoint
- 29. Chapter 3: Cell Membrane TransportationSub Topic 3.2.2 Types of passive transport, principles, example A high concentration of waterA lower concentration of water © 2010 Cosmopoint
- 31. Isotonic medium – a solution with exactly the same water concentration as the cell – there will be no net movement of water across the cell membrane
- 32. Hypertonic medium – a concentrated solution, with a lower water concentration if compared with the cell – the cell will loose water by osmosis© 2010 Cosmopoint
- 33. Chapter 3: Cell Membrane TransportationSub Topic 3.2.2 Types of passive transport, principles, example © 2010 Cosmopoint
- 35. From an area of low concentrationto an area of high concentration
- 36. Involves carrier proteinsin membranes
- 37. The cell uses active transport in three situations:(a) when a particle is going from low to high concentration (b) when particles need help entering the membrane because they are selectively impermeable (c) when very large particles enter and exit the cell © 2010 Cosmopoint
- 39. Each type of carrier protein is specific for one type of substance to carry
- 40. It will go against concentration gradient
- 41. The process will only stopwhen there is no moreof the substance to transport© 2010 Cosmopoint
- 43. Cellular respiration must occur to add the phosphate back to ADP, thus restoring the ATP© 2010 Cosmopoint
- 44. Chapter 3: Cell Membrane TransportationSub Topic 3.3.1:Principles & example of active transport Sodium Potassium Pump © 2010 Cosmopoint
- 45. Chapter 3: Cell Membrane TransportationSub Topic 3.3.1:Principles & example of active transport Sodium Potassium Pump © 2010 Cosmopoint
- 47. Outside the cells (extracellular), the are high concentrations of sodium & low concentrations of potassium
- 48. diffusion occurs through ion channels in the plasma membrane
- 49. Eg. Neuron & muscle© 2010 Cosmopoint
- 52. Chapter 3: Cell Membrane TransportationSub Topic 3.4.1:Principles & example of active transport Endocytosis Uptake of substances by cell en mass or in bulk in the form of vesicle Two types: (a) phagocytosis (b) Pinocytosis © 2010 Cosmopoint
- 54. Solid substances or whole organisms are brought inside the cell by invagination (an infolding of the cell membrane)
- 55. A vacuole is formed, the inner surface of which is derived from the outer surface of the cell surface membrane
- 56. Eg. Amoeba, white blood cells (phagocytes) perform phagocytosis© 2010 Cosmopoint
- 57. Chapter 3: Cell Membrane TransportationSub Topic 3.4.1:Principles & example of active transport Phagocytosis © 2010 Cosmopoint
- 58. Chapter 3: Cell Membrane TransportationSub Topic 3.4.1:Principles & example of active transport Pinocytosis © 2010 Cosmopoint
- 60. Transportof materials out of a cell
- 61. Materials to be exported must first be enclosed in a membrane vesicle, usually from the rough endoplasmic reticulum & Golgi apparatus eg. hormones & digestive enzymes & residue indigested microorganisms from the intracellular digestion by lysosomes
- 62. Eg. Secretion of mucus or hormones© 2010 Cosmopoint
- 63. Chapter 3: Cell Membrane TransportationSub Topic 3.4.1:Principles & example of active transport Exocytosis Hormones & digestive enzymes are secreted by exocytosis from the secretory cells of the intestine & endocrine glands. Vesicles & vacuoles move to the cell surface membrane, fuse with it & release their contents to the outside © 2010 Cosmopoint
- 64. Chapter 3: Cell Membrane TransportationSub Topic 3.4.1:Principles & example of active transport Summary © 2010 Cosmopoint