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G7 ch2.3 2.4 - cellular transport
Cellular transport involves the passive and active movement of substances across the cell membrane. Passive transport includes diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis, which move substances down their concentration gradient without energy expenditure. Active transport moves substances against their gradient by using cellular energy in the form of ATP. Endocytosis and exocytosis are mechanisms for cells to take in and release larger particles by engulfing and vesiculating parts of the membrane. Cell size and surface area have an important relationship to transport, as larger surface area is needed to support substance movement into and out of a cell.
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G7 ch2.3 2.4 - cellular transport
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- 2. Vocabulary • Passive transport •Diffusion • Osmosis • Facilitated diffusion • Active Transport • Endocytosis • Exocytosis
- 3. Outline • Passive Transport –Channel Proteins – Carrier Proteins • Diffusion • Osmosis • Active Transport • Endocytosis and Exocytosis • Cell Size and Transport
- 4. Transport • Materials needto move in and out of a cell • Pass through cell membrane • Substance concentration is important
- 5. Diffusion • Concentration =Amount of a substance in a given volume
- 6. Diffusion • Diffusion =Movement from high concentration to low concentration
- 7.
- 9. Osmosis • Like diffusion •Solute (dissolved material) doesn’t move • Water molecules move
- 10. Facilitated Diffusion • Usestransport proteins • High to low concentration • No energy
- 11. Facilitated Diffusion • Twotypes of transport proteins – Channel proteins – Carrier proteins
- 12. Check it Out •http://biomanbio.com/GamesandLabs/Cell games/celldefense.html
- 13. Active Transport • Againstconcentration gradient – Low concentration to high concentration • Uses energy (ATP)
- 14. Endocytosis • Takes insubstances wrapped in a membrane • Forms a vesicle • Large objects (bacteria and viruses)
- 15. Exocytosis • Objects ina cell’s vesicle are released outside the cell – Membrane-bound inside the cell • Molecules made in cell (proteins)
- 17. Cell Size andSurface Area • Read p65 • Movement of substances in and out of the cell is important for survival • Cell membrane size needs to be large compared to the volume – Cell membrane size = surface area – Cell’s volume = space inside the cell
- 18. Cell Size andTransport
- 19. Cell Size andTransport
- 20. Cells and Energy Ch2.4p.68-73
- 21. Vocabulary • Cellular respiration •Glycolysis • Fermentation • Photosynthesis
- 22. Outline • Cellular respiration –Reactions in the cytoplasm – Reactions in the mitochondria • Fermentation – Lactic-Acid Fermentation – Alcohol Fermentation • Photosynthesis – Lights and Pigments – Reactions is Chloroplasts – Importance
- 23. Cellular Respiration • Seriesof chemical reactions • Converts food molecules into energy (ATP) • In cytoplasm and mitochondria
- 25. Glycolysis • In cytoplasm •Glucose, a simple sugar, is taken into the cell • Glucose and energy undergo a chemical reaction • First step in cellular respiration • Glucose + ATP smaller molecules + ATP
- 26.
- 27. Step 2: CellularRespiration • After glycolysis • In mitochondria • Small molecules and oxygen are taken into mitochondria • ATP, water and carbon dioxide are released
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- 30. Fermentation • No oxygenused • Get ATP (energy) from food • Makes less ATP than respiration • In Cytoplasm • 2 Types – Lactic Acid – Alcohol
- 31. Lactic-Acid Fermentation • Glucose energy + Lactic Acid • Bacteria and Fungi to make cheese • Humans and animals during exercise
- 32. Alcohol Fermentation • Bacteriaand yeast to make alcohol and bread • Glucose ATP (energy) + CO2 + ethanol (alcohol)
- 33. Photosynthesis • Series ofchemical reactions • Plants and some unicellular organisms • Uses light energy, water, and CO2 • Makes glucose and oxygen
- 34. Lights and Pigments •In plants, pigments such as chlorophyll absorb all colors of light except green • Over plants reflect other colors
- 35. Reactions in Chloroplasts •Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and other pigments
- 36. Importance • Turns solarenergy into glucose that animals can use • Releases oxygen needed to respiration