This document discusses prepositions and their meanings and usage. It begins by outlining where prepositions occur, such as at the head of a prepositional phrase. It then discusses the different meanings prepositions can have, such as location (static, source, goal), instrumental, comitative. It notes problems ESL/EFL students have is that language rules are not always the same between languages. An exercise is provided asking the reader to identify the meaning of prepositions in sample sentences. The document concludes by announcing the next presentation will be on multi verbs.

1. Prepositions
Prepared by: Younes TAIA

2. Outline
 Preposition of occurrence
 Meanings of preposition
 Problems ESL/ EFL
 Exercise
 Activity

3. I. Position of occurrence

4. WHEN or WHERE do prepositions
occur?
• At the head of a prepositional phrase
and usually before the head of a noun
phrase.

5. Prepositional verbs
• An Example should be like below:
vp
They [Decided on] [the bus]. Prepositional Verb

6. Adjectives + Preposition
Combination
An Example should be like below:
Adj
 Some people should be very [ sorry ].
Adj Prep
 Some people should be very [ sorry] [ for]
Np
[ the inconvenience].

7. Idiomatic constructions with two
prepositions
Prepositions can function as well as parts of
idiomatic constructions...
 In comparison with…
 With regards to …
 In accordance with…

8. Construction with Preposition followed by
‘That clauses’
Prep clause
You should pay me [in the event] [ that you understand the lesson.]

9. In Order + infinitive clauses
usually in this construction ‘in order’ is
removed or absent so instead of:
Prep clause
She worked hard [ in order ] [to get rich ].
We use :
She worked hard to get rich.

10. Preposition + preposition combination
Some types of prepositions may be directley followed by another
Preposition
The sound seemed to be coming [ from inside the chest ]

11. II. The meanings of prepositions

12. Thematic roles
These are roles of preposition that
describe the NP in terms of its relation to
the verb.

13. Location
• Static location. prepositions such as: In,
On , Under, and Beside.
Ex:
The Book is On the Table

14. location
• Source prepositions. such as: from , and
off are used to describe an action’s point
of origin or source.
Ex :
Naima has just came [ from khenifra ]

15. location
• Goal preposition. Such as: to, into, and
onto can be used an action’s point of
termination.
Ex :
Ahlam went to [ Tetouan ].

16. Instrumental
The prepostion with and by can be used to
indicate: who or the thing with which the
action is made.
Ex:
Akklouch disturbs me by his comments.

17. Comitative
• Please note that with also expresses the
notion of accompaniment.
Ex:
Last Wednesday, I saw Aziz running away from
the armed students with Zakaria.

18. Comitative
The prototypical meanings of many prepositions
are often extended into different domains. For
instance, can be used to refer to time.
He said he was coming at four o’clock.
Jennifer’s class runs from 10 am to 1:30.

19. Problems that ESL/ EFL students have with
prepositions
Thinking that language rules are the same.
Ex :
Està en la mesa. Està en el curato.
It is on the table. It is in the room.

20. Exercise
• Sophia went to the movies with her friend.
• With => comitative
• On the way to the class, they had to walk
through the whole campus.
• To => Goal, Through => intermediate
location

21. Exercise
• He opened the room with a key.
• With => Instrumental
• Asma fired her gun directly at takey-Eddin.
• At => Goal
• Hayda was standing by the water fountain.
• By => static location

22. Activity

24. The end
Enjoy Next presentation With Mr. Zakaria
On ‘Multi Verbs’