Prepositions show the relationship between nouns, pronouns, and phrases. There are five types of prepositions: simple, compound, phrase, participle, and double. Simple prepositions are short words like on, in, at that indicate spatial and temporal relationships. Compound prepositions combine two or more words like because of. Phrase prepositions are groups of words containing a preposition and noun. Participle prepositions end in -ing, -ed. Double prepositions combine two simple prepositions like into. Prepositions depend on place, time, and movement.

1. PREPOSITIONS

2. What is Preposition
Prepositions are those words which are used to
connect nouns, pronouns and phrases in any
sentence. Usually preposition indicates the
relationship between nouns that how they are
connected to each other. It shows that whether
words are connected through time, space and
place. Lets take few examples to understand
this concept.

3. Examples
■ I found the pen on the table.
Here the preposition is “on” because it is showing a
relationship between pen and the table.
■ Meghna went to sleep late.
Here the preposition is “to” because it shows a state
in which Meghna is going into.
■ I am watching cricket match in the bedroom.
Here the preposition is “in” because it shows my place
where I am sitting.

5. Types of Prepositions
■ There are five types of Prepositions. These are the
rules of prepositions.
■ Simple Prepositions
■ Compound Prepositions
■ Phrase Prepositions
■ Participle Prepositions
■ Double Prepositions

6. Simple Prepositions
■ Simple preposition is used in simple sentences.
■ They are short words used to determine a relation
between nouns, pronouns.
■ At, with, off, upon, till, up, over, as, into, for, from, down,
out, of, to, under, by, on, in, but, than, About, above,
along, across, amidst, among, before, behind, below,
beneath, beside, between, beyond, etc.
Examples :
■ He was sleeping on the floor.
■ She over stayed in the hotel.
■ The Golden Temple is at Amritsar.
■ He took rest under a tree.
■ His house is just by the next street.

8. ON
■ On is used to show something’s position in relation to a
surface.
He has a laptop, computer on his desk.
He has a hat on his head.

9. IN
■ In is used to show something’s position in relation to
place surrounding it.
I am going to have a picnic in the park.
This candy comes in many different flavors.
This zebra lives in a zoo. The zoo is located in San Diego.

11. Compound Prepositions
■ It is a combination of two or more words.
■ The words which start with “A” or “Be” as a prefix are
called compound preposition.
■ It consist of a simple preposition word and a non
preposition word.
■ We also have compound prepositions like two word
and three word
■ Along with, except for, away from, together with,
because of, instead of, in comparison to, etc.
Example :
■ They’re standing beside each other.
■ She is very popular among her friends.

12. ■ Two and Three word compound prepositions are like
■ Because of, according to, instead of, apart from, despite of, in addition
to, due to, result of, causes of, effect of, effect on, in spite of, aside from,
in front of , on condition of , consequence of, on top of, in respect to,
with regard to, in accordance with, in agreement with, for lack of, for
want of, in case of, etc.
Examples :
• He has been absent 10 days according to our records.
• I’m here because of my parents.
• In case of need, please call me.
• You should have gone west instead of going east.
• In addition to the allowances, he is also entitled for the bonus.
• In spite of being subjected to frequent criticism, he still manages to do
well.
• Your car was parked in front of the petrol pump.
• The information was provided by a source on condition of anonymity.
• The books were lying on top of the table.

13. Phrase Prepositions
A group of words containing preposition.
This preposition begins with a preposition and ends with a noun, pronoun,
gerund or clause (the object of the preposition).
The object of the preposition will have one or more modifiers to describe it.
The structure of a prepositional phrase is
preposition + noun, pronoun, gerund, clause.
preposition + modifiers + noun, pronoun, gerund, clause.
Some of the prepositional phrases are
At home, in time, from Richie, with me, by singing, about what we need, from
my grandmother, under the warm blanket, in the weedy, overgrown garden,
without excessively worrying, through the garden, up the stairs, over the grass,
under the table, under the eaves, into the store, instead of etc.

14. Examples :
The rabbit hopped through the garden.
The balloon drifted up the stairs.
The tigers crept slowly over the grass.
There are lots of birds nesting under the
eaves.
I gave the children pizza instead of pancakes
for breakfast today.

15. ■ Preposition means Expressing relation between
noun and pronoun.
■ Pronoun means In place of noun.
■ Gerund means “-ing” form of a verb when it
functions grammatically as a noun in a
sentence.
■ Clause is a group of words containing a verb.
■ Modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that
functions as an adjective or adverb to provide
additional information about another word or
word group.

16. Participle Prepositions
The words which are ending with “en, ed, ing”
are called participle prepositions .
They are like considering, during, concerning,
provided, ended, following, including,
regarding, frustrated, etc.
Example :
■ I think I can do it easily considering my
knowledge.

17. Double Prepositions
It is a combination of two simple prepositions
made into one word.
The words like into, upon, onto, out of, within,
without, up to, etc.
Example :
■ We have to solve two questions out of 5.
■ We all jumped into the river from a great
height.

18. prepositions Depends On Three Things
Prepositions of place
Those prepositions which are used to show that place
where some thing is located. We have basically three
prepositions of places.
AT
Used near to closed area.
Example :
My friends are at the library.
The students are at the college.

19. IN
In is used for closed area
Example :
My friends are in Library.
The students are in school.
The book is in the box.

20. ON
On is used for surface area
Example :
There is a book on the table.
There is a beautiful painting on the wall.
There is a cat on the roof.
My laptop is on the desk.

22. Prepositions of time
Those prepositions which are used to show time relationship
between nouns. We have basically three prepositions of time.
AT
At is used for specific time
■ At nine o’clock
■ At 2:30pm
■ They will reach here exactly at 5.00 p.m.

23. IN / ON
In is used for months, years, decades,dates,
days.
Example :
They will come in March.
He wrote the exam in 2018.
We got Independence on 15th August.
You are going to meet him on Monday.
In the morning/afternoon/evening are the
exceptions to this rule.

24. AFTER
It is used in following in time, place, order.
Examples :
■ He came after 10a.m.
■ We ran after the thief.
■ It gets very dark quickly after sunset.
DURING
It is used all through a period of time, at some point in
a period of time.
Examples :
There are extra flights to Colorado during the winter.
Please remain seated during the performance.
He was taken to the hospital during the night.
I only saw her once during my stay in Rome.

25. SINCE
It is used in pointing specific time.
■ I have been teaching since 2018.
FOR
Period of time.
■ She has been living here for three years.
■ He has been playing chess for two hours.
■ Raju served in the army for 30 years.

27. Preposition of movement
TO
It is used in Preposition of Direction.
It talks about the destination/place where you want to go.
Example :
I am going to the post-office.
I’m going to London.
The company has shifted its head office to Florida.
Here, we don’t use preposition “TO” before word Home. We generally
say “go home, come home, arrive home, on the way home”.
Example:
I’ll visit a store on the way home.
You can come home in the evening.

28. TOWARDS
■ Towards is basically used to show the direction.
John was running towards me.
I’m going towards London.
The plane is flying towards America.

29. THROUGH
Through is basically used to show the
movement across something.
Buses and cars drive through the city.
The sun is peeking through the clouds

30. INTO
Into expresses the Movement towards the interior of
something/surrounded by something else.
She's diving into the water.
He looked into the bubbling pot to see what was cooking inside.

31. ACROSS
Across is used to show the movement from one
side of something to the opposite side.
Mark walked across the road.
To get to the other side of the creek, go across
the bridge.
The best place to walk across a busy street is at
a pedestrian crossing.

32. OVER
■ Over is used to show the position of something when it is
above something else.
A rainbow appeared over the horizon when the sun came out.
The smoke over the house indicates that someone is inside.

33. ALONG
■ Along is used to show the movement across the line.
There's a beautiful building along the river.
These trees are lined up along the road.

34. FROM
It is used to the place where
someone/something starts.
■ He come back from Punjab.
■ The wind is coming from the north.
■ He was walked all the way from
home.
■ I have received a letter from my
father.

37. Other Prepositions
OF
It is used to show the relation.
■ Mr. Vinod Kapoor is the principle of my
school.
■ Rahul is the monitor of my class.
It is used to show quality or reason.
■ He died of jaundice. (Reason)
■ He is a man of high character. (Quality)

38. BY
It is used to denote Communication, Transportation,
Action, Way.
Examples :
■ I will contact them by Email.
■ He will send me information by text.
■ She goes to her office by bus.
■ He came here by car.
■ They will go to America by air.
■ He improved his vocabulary by reading “The Hindu”.
■ I’m teaching you by learning.
■ I learn English by watching AV English.
■ The thief escaped by a small lane.
■ We could reach our college by this way.

39. WITH
It is used to denote Body parts and Instruments.
Examples :
They’re pointing out you with their forefingers.
I walk with my legs.
He gives you answer with head.
I write notes with the help of my hand.
I write on the board with a marker.
They’re painting the wall with brush.
He opens the lock with the keys.
She cuts the vegetable with a knife.