Particle Charging Mechanisms in ESP:
Particles are charged by negative gas ions moving toward the collection plate by one of these two
mechanisms:
1. Field charging 2. diffusion charging.
In field charging, particles capture negatively charged gas ions as the ions move toward the
grounded collection plate. Diffusion charging, as its name implies, depends on the random
motion of the gas ions to charge particles. In field charging, as particles enter the electric field,
they cause a local dislocation of the field. Negative gas ions traveling along the electric field
lines collide with the suspended particles and impart a charge to them. The ions will continue to
bombard a particle until the charge on that particle is sufficient to divert the electric lines away
from it. This prevents new ions from colliding with the charged dust particle. When a particle no
longer receives an ion charge, it is said to be saturated. Saturated charged particles then migrate
to the collection electrode and are collected.
Diffusion charging is associated with the random Brownian motion of the negative gas ions. The
random motion is related to the velocity of the gas ions due to thermal effects: the higher the
temperature, the more movement. Negative gas ions collide with the particles because of their
random thermal motion and impart a charge on the particles. Because the particles are very
small, they do not cause the electric field to be dislocated, as in field charging. Thus, diffusion
charging is the only mechanism by which these very small particles become charged. The
charged particles then migrate to the collection electrode. Each of these two charging
mechanisms occurs to some extent, with one dominating depending on particle size.
Field charging dominates for particles with a diameter >1.0 micrometer because particles must
be large enough to capture gas ions. Diffusion charging dominates for particles with a diameter
less than 0.1 micrometer. A combination of these two charging mechanisms occurs for particles
ranging between 0.2 and 1.0 micrometer in diameter.
Solution
Particle Charging Mechanisms in ESP:
Particles are charged by negative gas ions moving toward the collection plate by one of these two
mechanisms:
1. Field charging 2. diffusion charging.
In field charging, particles capture negatively charged gas ions as the ions move toward the
grounded collection plate. Diffusion charging, as its name implies, depends on the random
motion of the gas ions to charge particles. In field charging, as particles enter the electric field,
they cause a local dislocation of the field. Negative gas ions traveling along the electric field
lines collide with the suspended particles and impart a charge to them. The ions will continue to
bombard a particle until the charge on that particle is sufficient to divert the electric lines away
from it. This prevents new ions from colliding with the charged dust particle. When a particle no
longer receives an ion charge, it is.
Mass Spectrometry (MS) is an analytic technique used to determine the relative masses of molecular ions and fragments by calculating the degree of deflection of charged particles in a magnetic field.
It provides a great deal of information with very small amount of samples.
Mass Spectrometry (MS) is an analytic technique used to determine
the relative masses of molecular ions and fragments by calculating the
degree of deflection of charged particles in a magnetic field.
It provides a great deal of information with very small amount of samples.
Mass Spectrometry (MS) is an analytic technique used to determine the relative masses of molecular ions and fragments by calculating the degree of deflection of charged particles in a magnetic field.
It provides a great deal of information with very small amount of samples.
Mass Spectrometry (MS) is an analytic technique used to determine
the relative masses of molecular ions and fragments by calculating the
degree of deflection of charged particles in a magnetic field.
It provides a great deal of information with very small amount of samples.
Mass Analyzers for example Magnetic Sector Mass Analyzer, Double Focusing Mass Analyzer, Quadroupole Mass Analyzer, Time of Flight Mass Analyzer and Applications of Mass Analyzer were explained
The present article gives the fundamental properties magnetism, different materials, properties of different magnetic materials like, dia,para and ferro magnetic materials. The notes also explain how magnetism appear in materials, type of magnets and brief applications of magnetic materials. The materials is best for undergraduate science and engineering students and any other people of interest in magnetism
cyclotron that accelerate the charge particles prior their bombardment to the target nuclei.
it is developed by E.O.Lawrence & he was awarded by nobel prize in this work. it accelerate the particle from 1MeV to the more than 100 MeV.
it contains the electric & magnetic system to accelerate the charge particles.
electric field acts horizontally & magnetic field act vertically.
particle moves in spiral path and its energy , radius & velocity increases.
after that it moves out of window ( diflactor plate) n hit the target.
n then the nuclear reaction starts.
it is used to treat cancer.
produce positrons emission isotopes for PET imaging.
it do not accelerate the neutrons, electrons & positive charge with higher mass.
I gave this presentation in my university as part of the High Voltage Engineering course. The contents of this presentation are as follows:
1) Ionization Process
2) Gases as Insulating Medium
3) Secondary Ionization
4) Cathode Process
5) Types of Cathode Processes
Mass spectrometry principle working inttumentation advantages diadvantages GC...sneha010196
Mass spectroscopy
History
What is mass number
Ms principle
Ms working
Instrumentation
Mass analysers
Fragmentation rules
Nitrogen rule
Types of peaks
Interpretation of spectra
Gc ms
Applications of ms
Advantages & disadvantages
Reference.
Magnetic properties and SuperconductivityVIGHNESH K
Magnetic properties and superconductivity, meissner effect, superconductors, bcs theory, applications of superconductors, cooper pair, magnetic materials, hystersis, high temperature suerconductors, Types of suerconductors, high temperature superconductors, magnetism,right hand rule
2. Ligamentum arteriosumThe aortic arch loops over the left pulmo.pdfmohammadirfan136964
2. Ligamentum arteriosum:
The aortic arch loops over the left pulmonary artery and the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk,
to which it remains connected by the ligamentum arteriosum, a remnant of the fetal circulation
that is obliterated a few days after birth.
3. Caecum:
The cecum is a pouch-like dead-end passage that branches inferiorly from the end of the ileum
(end part of small intestine). Fecal matter entering the large intestine from the ileum passes into
the cecum before being pushed superiorly into the ascending colon. The appendix is attached to
the inferior end of the cecum and is believed to store beneficial bacteria that help break down
undigested food.
Solution
2. Ligamentum arteriosum:
The aortic arch loops over the left pulmonary artery and the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk,
to which it remains connected by the ligamentum arteriosum, a remnant of the fetal circulation
that is obliterated a few days after birth.
3. Caecum:
The cecum is a pouch-like dead-end passage that branches inferiorly from the end of the ileum
(end part of small intestine). Fecal matter entering the large intestine from the ileum passes into
the cecum before being pushed superiorly into the ascending colon. The appendix is attached to
the inferior end of the cecum and is believed to store beneficial bacteria that help break down
undigested food..
moles should be equal to complete consumption so v*0.250 = 0.150*0.100 /2 ( 2 is
for - as Pb(NO3)2 gives 2 moles of NO3- when dissociate) so v = 0.03 L ANSWER
Solution
moles should be equal to complete consumption so v*0.250 = 0.150*0.100 /2 ( 2 is
for - as Pb(NO3)2 gives 2 moles of NO3- when dissociate) so v = 0.03 L ANSWER.
More Related Content
Similar to Particle Charging Mechanisms in ESPParticles are charged by negat.pdf
Mass Analyzers for example Magnetic Sector Mass Analyzer, Double Focusing Mass Analyzer, Quadroupole Mass Analyzer, Time of Flight Mass Analyzer and Applications of Mass Analyzer were explained
The present article gives the fundamental properties magnetism, different materials, properties of different magnetic materials like, dia,para and ferro magnetic materials. The notes also explain how magnetism appear in materials, type of magnets and brief applications of magnetic materials. The materials is best for undergraduate science and engineering students and any other people of interest in magnetism
cyclotron that accelerate the charge particles prior their bombardment to the target nuclei.
it is developed by E.O.Lawrence & he was awarded by nobel prize in this work. it accelerate the particle from 1MeV to the more than 100 MeV.
it contains the electric & magnetic system to accelerate the charge particles.
electric field acts horizontally & magnetic field act vertically.
particle moves in spiral path and its energy , radius & velocity increases.
after that it moves out of window ( diflactor plate) n hit the target.
n then the nuclear reaction starts.
it is used to treat cancer.
produce positrons emission isotopes for PET imaging.
it do not accelerate the neutrons, electrons & positive charge with higher mass.
I gave this presentation in my university as part of the High Voltage Engineering course. The contents of this presentation are as follows:
1) Ionization Process
2) Gases as Insulating Medium
3) Secondary Ionization
4) Cathode Process
5) Types of Cathode Processes
Mass spectrometry principle working inttumentation advantages diadvantages GC...sneha010196
Mass spectroscopy
History
What is mass number
Ms principle
Ms working
Instrumentation
Mass analysers
Fragmentation rules
Nitrogen rule
Types of peaks
Interpretation of spectra
Gc ms
Applications of ms
Advantages & disadvantages
Reference.
Magnetic properties and SuperconductivityVIGHNESH K
Magnetic properties and superconductivity, meissner effect, superconductors, bcs theory, applications of superconductors, cooper pair, magnetic materials, hystersis, high temperature suerconductors, Types of suerconductors, high temperature superconductors, magnetism,right hand rule
2. Ligamentum arteriosumThe aortic arch loops over the left pulmo.pdfmohammadirfan136964
2. Ligamentum arteriosum:
The aortic arch loops over the left pulmonary artery and the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk,
to which it remains connected by the ligamentum arteriosum, a remnant of the fetal circulation
that is obliterated a few days after birth.
3. Caecum:
The cecum is a pouch-like dead-end passage that branches inferiorly from the end of the ileum
(end part of small intestine). Fecal matter entering the large intestine from the ileum passes into
the cecum before being pushed superiorly into the ascending colon. The appendix is attached to
the inferior end of the cecum and is believed to store beneficial bacteria that help break down
undigested food.
Solution
2. Ligamentum arteriosum:
The aortic arch loops over the left pulmonary artery and the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk,
to which it remains connected by the ligamentum arteriosum, a remnant of the fetal circulation
that is obliterated a few days after birth.
3. Caecum:
The cecum is a pouch-like dead-end passage that branches inferiorly from the end of the ileum
(end part of small intestine). Fecal matter entering the large intestine from the ileum passes into
the cecum before being pushed superiorly into the ascending colon. The appendix is attached to
the inferior end of the cecum and is believed to store beneficial bacteria that help break down
undigested food..
moles should be equal to complete consumption so v*0.250 = 0.150*0.100 /2 ( 2 is
for - as Pb(NO3)2 gives 2 moles of NO3- when dissociate) so v = 0.03 L ANSWER
Solution
moles should be equal to complete consumption so v*0.250 = 0.150*0.100 /2 ( 2 is
for - as Pb(NO3)2 gives 2 moles of NO3- when dissociate) so v = 0.03 L ANSWER.
TrueOne of the fundamental rules which control the PLSS system is .pdfmohammadirfan136964
True
One of the fundamental rules which control the PLSS system is that the boundaries of the public
land once approved and accepted is unchangeable.
Solution
True
One of the fundamental rules which control the PLSS system is that the boundaries of the public
land once approved and accepted is unchangeable..
The stronger the attractions betweenparticles (molecules or ions), the more difficult
it will be toseparate the particles. When substances melt, the particles arestill close to one
another but the forces of attraction that heldthe particles rigidly together in the solid state have
beensufficiently overcome to allow the particles to move. Whensubstances boil, the particles are
completely separated from oneanother and the attractions between molecules are
completelyovercome. The energy required to cause substances to melt and toboil, and thus
disrupt the forces of attraction, comes from theenvironment surrounding the material. If you
place a piece of icein your hand, the ice will melt more quickly than if it is placedon a cold
counter top. The energy required to melt the ice comesfrom your hand, your hand gets colder and
the ice gets warmer. for ice melting hydrogen bonding for sublimation of ice London
forcesAmmoniavaporisation having hydrogen bonding
Solution
The stronger the attractions betweenparticles (molecules or ions), the more difficult
it will be toseparate the particles. When substances melt, the particles arestill close to one
another but the forces of attraction that heldthe particles rigidly together in the solid state have
beensufficiently overcome to allow the particles to move. Whensubstances boil, the particles are
completely separated from oneanother and the attractions between molecules are
completelyovercome. The energy required to cause substances to melt and toboil, and thus
disrupt the forces of attraction, comes from theenvironment surrounding the material. If you
place a piece of icein your hand, the ice will melt more quickly than if it is placedon a cold
counter top. The energy required to melt the ice comesfrom your hand, your hand gets colder and
the ice gets warmer. for ice melting hydrogen bonding for sublimation of ice London
forcesAmmoniavaporisation having hydrogen bonding.
a. It gives benzalacetone b. acetone will undergo intermolecular aldol condensation
c. benzaldehyde undergoes claisen condensation d. addition over double bond in product takes
place
Solution
a. It gives benzalacetone b. acetone will undergo intermolecular aldol condensation
c. benzaldehyde undergoes claisen condensation d. addition over double bond in product takes
place.
what is the mean, median, mode and the midrange for 191, 167,257,1.pdfmohammadirfan136964
what is the mean, median, mode and the midrange for : 191,
167,257,195,381,261,235,332,225,245
Solution
Mean = Sum of the numbers/n = 3174.6
Median = Since the no of values is 15 which is odd.. the median will be the middle value i.e. 8th
value in increasing order = 1479
Mode = Value with the highest frequency = All have the same frequency so all are modes
Midrange = ( max + min ) / 2 = (203 + 9822)/2 = 5012.5.
Disodium malonate is an ionic sodium salt that is soluble in water..pdfmohammadirfan136964
Disodium malonate is an ionic sodium salt that is soluble in water.
Naphthalene is a molecular covalent organic solid that is insoluble in water.
To purify, add the mixture to water and stir to dissolve the disodium malonate and then filter.
The insoluble naphthalene residue will be trapped in the filter paper, while the pure disodium
malonate can be recovered by evaporating the filtrate.
Solution
Disodium malonate is an ionic sodium salt that is soluble in water.
Naphthalene is a molecular covalent organic solid that is insoluble in water.
To purify, add the mixture to water and stir to dissolve the disodium malonate and then filter.
The insoluble naphthalene residue will be trapped in the filter paper, while the pure disodium
malonate can be recovered by evaporating the filtrate..
They showed that GFP protein could be expressed in the organisms wit.pdfmohammadirfan136964
They showed that GFP protein could be expressed in the organisms with which they can be used
as a gene expression marker and protein localisation.
They used GFP in transcriptional fusions to characterize the expression pattern of genes. They
used the transformation techniques using DNA encoding GFP.
Solution
They showed that GFP protein could be expressed in the organisms with which they can be used
as a gene expression marker and protein localisation.
They used GFP in transcriptional fusions to characterize the expression pattern of genes. They
used the transformation techniques using DNA encoding GFP..
Thepossible mechanism by which a 75kD nuclear protein is imported in.pdfmohammadirfan136964
Thepossible mechanism by which a 75kD nuclear protein is imported into teh nucleus includes.
In eukaryotic cells the nucleus is physically separated from the cytoplasm by a double membrane
structure, the nuclear envelope (NE). The NE is crossed by multiple supramolecular structures
specialized in mediating the bidirectional traffic of molecules between the nucleus and the
cytoplasm. These structures are designated the nuclear pore complex (NPC), (Freitas, 2009).
Thus the nuclear pore complex (NPC), perhaps the largest protein complex in the cell, is
responsible for the protected exchange of components between the nucleus and cytoplasm and
for preventing the transport of material not destined to cross the nuclear envelope(UIUC).
Transport Cycle.In order to pass through the NPC, a large molecule (cargo) i.e. theteh cargo
proteinmust associate with another protein called a transport receptor. These transport receptors
then act as chaperones which shuttle cargo through the NPC. Recognition by the transport
receptor takes place via a specific sequence of amino acids in the cargo protein. Besides cargo
and transport receptors, the third ingredient necessary for nuclear transport is the signaling
protein Ran, which hydrolyzes GTP. Ran is responsible for regulating the interaction of transport
receptor and cargo and RanGDP/RanGTP concentration gradients across the nuclear envelope
drive nuclear import and export. Once a transport receptor identifies and binds its cargo, the
transport complex may be imported or exported through the NPC. Repeating amino acid
sequences involving phenyalanine (F) and glycine (G) have been thoroughly implicated in the
process selective import,(UIUC).
Solution
Thepossible mechanism by which a 75kD nuclear protein is imported into teh nucleus includes.
In eukaryotic cells the nucleus is physically separated from the cytoplasm by a double membrane
structure, the nuclear envelope (NE). The NE is crossed by multiple supramolecular structures
specialized in mediating the bidirectional traffic of molecules between the nucleus and the
cytoplasm. These structures are designated the nuclear pore complex (NPC), (Freitas, 2009).
Thus the nuclear pore complex (NPC), perhaps the largest protein complex in the cell, is
responsible for the protected exchange of components between the nucleus and cytoplasm and
for preventing the transport of material not destined to cross the nuclear envelope(UIUC).
Transport Cycle.In order to pass through the NPC, a large molecule (cargo) i.e. theteh cargo
proteinmust associate with another protein called a transport receptor. These transport receptors
then act as chaperones which shuttle cargo through the NPC. Recognition by the transport
receptor takes place via a specific sequence of amino acids in the cargo protein. Besides cargo
and transport receptors, the third ingredient necessary for nuclear transport is the signaling
protein Ran, which hydrolyzes GTP. Ran is responsible for regulating the inter.
The neurons are nervous cells which play the central role in generat.pdfmohammadirfan136964
The neurons are nervous cells which play the central role in generating, holding and transmitting
information across the body. The information as we perceive is a physico-physiological aspect of
our reaction to an action but it is comprised of a complex set of cytological, electro-chemical and
bio-molecular state of entitites. To be specific, the mode of action of neurons can be functionally
understood as:
The neurons comprise of a complex set of neurological membranes and ion-channels. When a
stimulus is experienced by the body/brain, it changes the bio-chemical nature/concentrations of
various electrically stimulated ions present inside the neurons and outside their perphery. This
causes generation of a local ionic gradient in the neurons which further drives physical activity
of the neuron. The neurological membranes play important role in relay of information. These
membranes help in relay of these biochemical signals across various neurological membranes
and thus transit this information from one neuron to another via a matrix between the two, called
synapse. This process takes place in a very small fraction of seconds so that an immediate and
appropriate reaction could be made.
Thus, a neurological cell holds the information by means of generation of a local bio-chemical
potential and ionic gradient and relays/moves this information by means of channelizing these
local gradients in the form of electro-chemical signals from one neuron to the other through
synapse.
Solution
The neurons are nervous cells which play the central role in generating, holding and transmitting
information across the body. The information as we perceive is a physico-physiological aspect of
our reaction to an action but it is comprised of a complex set of cytological, electro-chemical and
bio-molecular state of entitites. To be specific, the mode of action of neurons can be functionally
understood as:
The neurons comprise of a complex set of neurological membranes and ion-channels. When a
stimulus is experienced by the body/brain, it changes the bio-chemical nature/concentrations of
various electrically stimulated ions present inside the neurons and outside their perphery. This
causes generation of a local ionic gradient in the neurons which further drives physical activity
of the neuron. The neurological membranes play important role in relay of information. These
membranes help in relay of these biochemical signals across various neurological membranes
and thus transit this information from one neuron to another via a matrix between the two, called
synapse. This process takes place in a very small fraction of seconds so that an immediate and
appropriate reaction could be made.
Thus, a neurological cell holds the information by means of generation of a local bio-chemical
potential and ionic gradient and relays/moves this information by means of channelizing these
local gradients in the form of electro-chemical signals from one neuron to the other through
synapse..
The parts of the respiratory tract which have nonkeratinized stratif.pdfmohammadirfan136964
The parts of the respiratory tract which have nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium are
Larynx-vocal cords, Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx.
Solution
The parts of the respiratory tract which have nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium are
Larynx-vocal cords, Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx..
The impact of Brexit would be visible on the financial instituations.pdfmohammadirfan136964
The impact of Brexit would be visible on the financial instituations of US and Europe. The
impact would be shorter and longer term both. The biggest of all is the uncertainty it has created.
So at first the financial firms would hold on to the likely investments they are going to make in
UK as they would go in wait and watch mode.
Also they are likely going to wrap up the operations or shift their base from UK to other
European country assuming that the base operations caters primarily to the European nations.
This also leads to a number of Mergers and acquisitions as the valuations of a lot of businesses
would turn attractive due to currency depreciation.
Solution
The impact of Brexit would be visible on the financial instituations of US and Europe. The
impact would be shorter and longer term both. The biggest of all is the uncertainty it has created.
So at first the financial firms would hold on to the likely investments they are going to make in
UK as they would go in wait and watch mode.
Also they are likely going to wrap up the operations or shift their base from UK to other
European country assuming that the base operations caters primarily to the European nations.
This also leads to a number of Mergers and acquisitions as the valuations of a lot of businesses
would turn attractive due to currency depreciation..
The alkaline earth metals burn in oxygen to form the monoxide, MO wh.pdfmohammadirfan136964
The alkaline earth metals burn in oxygen to form the monoxide, MO which, except for BeO,
have rock-salt structure (BeO has wurtzite structure). The BeO is essentially covalent in nature.
The enthalpies of formation of these oxides are quite high and consequently they are very stable
to heat. BeO is amphoteric while oxides of other elements are ionic in nature. All these oxides
except BeO are basic in nature and react with water to form sparingly soluble hydroxides.
Solution
The alkaline earth metals burn in oxygen to form the monoxide, MO which, except for BeO,
have rock-salt structure (BeO has wurtzite structure). The BeO is essentially covalent in nature.
The enthalpies of formation of these oxides are quite high and consequently they are very stable
to heat. BeO is amphoteric while oxides of other elements are ionic in nature. All these oxides
except BeO are basic in nature and react with water to form sparingly soluble hydroxides..
Squid: mollusc
Crab: Arthropods
Crayfish: Arthropods
Polychaete: Annelids
Homologous organs are the one that develop from common ancestor and have diverged to
perform different functions according to the habitat and habit of the organisms. Lateral
appendages present in Crab (arthropod), crayfish (arthropod) and polychaete (annelid) exhibit
homology. The lateral appendages (parapodia) in polychaete worms extend from the body
segments and serve in locomotion. However, soft body plan does not fix them firmly. On the
other hand, arthropods have hard bodied skeleton. Crab and crayfish takes advantage of hard
bodied skeleton and their lateral appendages are fixed firmly in the skeleton to provide maximum
leverage. Development of parapodia in polychetes allowed them to thrive out of burrow in the
muddy oceanic sediments.
Solution
Squid: mollusc
Crab: Arthropods
Crayfish: Arthropods
Polychaete: Annelids
Homologous organs are the one that develop from common ancestor and have diverged to
perform different functions according to the habitat and habit of the organisms. Lateral
appendages present in Crab (arthropod), crayfish (arthropod) and polychaete (annelid) exhibit
homology. The lateral appendages (parapodia) in polychaete worms extend from the body
segments and serve in locomotion. However, soft body plan does not fix them firmly. On the
other hand, arthropods have hard bodied skeleton. Crab and crayfish takes advantage of hard
bodied skeleton and their lateral appendages are fixed firmly in the skeleton to provide maximum
leverage. Development of parapodia in polychetes allowed them to thrive out of burrow in the
muddy oceanic sediments..
Ques-1Normala flora and microbiota of nose and mouth are non-infe.pdfmohammadirfan136964
Ques-1:
Normala flora and microbiota of nose and mouth are non-infectious in the region where they are
living in colonies at specific pH and temperature. However, if they reach other parts of human
body other than nose and mouth may induce “infection”
They do possess common characteristics of sensing known as “quorum sensing” in which
bacteria flora are going to communicate with each other in the region or habitat where they are
living. They have a specific property of “horizontal gene transfer”
Staphylococcus epidermis & lactobacillus are going to present in mouth Corynebacterium and
spirochetes are going to present in nose due to presence of moist environments
Ques-2:
Answer:
Yes, there are other microorganisms inside the mouth & nose other normal flora and microbiota.
There are some fungal microbial pathogens, spirochetes, aspergillus, blastomycosis at the time of
infection present in oral & nasal cavities
Solution
Ques-1:
Normala flora and microbiota of nose and mouth are non-infectious in the region where they are
living in colonies at specific pH and temperature. However, if they reach other parts of human
body other than nose and mouth may induce “infection”
They do possess common characteristics of sensing known as “quorum sensing” in which
bacteria flora are going to communicate with each other in the region or habitat where they are
living. They have a specific property of “horizontal gene transfer”
Staphylococcus epidermis & lactobacillus are going to present in mouth Corynebacterium and
spirochetes are going to present in nose due to presence of moist environments
Ques-2:
Answer:
Yes, there are other microorganisms inside the mouth & nose other normal flora and microbiota.
There are some fungal microbial pathogens, spirochetes, aspergillus, blastomycosis at the time of
infection present in oral & nasal cavities.
Solution.According to IASB framework INCOME is the one of element .pdfmohammadirfan136964
Solution
.
According to IASB framework INCOME is the one of element of balance sheet which
increases in economic benefits during the accounting period in the form of inflows or
enhancements of assets or decreases of liabilities that result in increases in equity, other than
those relating to contributions from equity participants?.
7. Answer is A.Cytochromes are protien containing iron or heme gro.pdfmohammadirfan136964
7. Answer is A.
Cytochromes are protien containing iron or heme groups and function as electron transfer agents
in many metabolic pathways in mitochondria and chloroplasts. It doesn\'t pump ATP, It doesn\'t
has sulfur groups and it doesn\'t reduce oxygen to water.
8. Answer is B.
Pyruvate to is converted to acetyl-coA by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. First Pyruvate is
decarboxylated by pyruvate dehydrogenase with help from TPP. Then dihydrolipoyl
transacetylase with cofactor lipoamide oxidizes hydroxyethyl- to acetyl- and then transfers
acetyl- to CoA, forming acetyl-CoA. Finally dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase oxidizes the thiol
groups of the dihydrolipoamide back to lipoamide reducing NAD to NADH.
9. Answer is E.
The strongest oxidizing agent is oxygen, the oxidation of reduced NADH by oxygen has
potential difference of 1.136 V; the electron flow will be from the most negative system, which
is the couple NAD+/NADH, to the least negative system which is the couple O2/H2O. Thus the
oxidation of the reduced form, NADH,oxygen is a spontaneous and a slow reaction, unless
enzymes are present to catalyze the reaction.
Solution
7. Answer is A.
Cytochromes are protien containing iron or heme groups and function as electron transfer agents
in many metabolic pathways in mitochondria and chloroplasts. It doesn\'t pump ATP, It doesn\'t
has sulfur groups and it doesn\'t reduce oxygen to water.
8. Answer is B.
Pyruvate to is converted to acetyl-coA by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. First Pyruvate is
decarboxylated by pyruvate dehydrogenase with help from TPP. Then dihydrolipoyl
transacetylase with cofactor lipoamide oxidizes hydroxyethyl- to acetyl- and then transfers
acetyl- to CoA, forming acetyl-CoA. Finally dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase oxidizes the thiol
groups of the dihydrolipoamide back to lipoamide reducing NAD to NADH.
9. Answer is E.
The strongest oxidizing agent is oxygen, the oxidation of reduced NADH by oxygen has
potential difference of 1.136 V; the electron flow will be from the most negative system, which
is the couple NAD+/NADH, to the least negative system which is the couple O2/H2O. Thus the
oxidation of the reduced form, NADH,oxygen is a spontaneous and a slow reaction, unless
enzymes are present to catalyze the reaction..
A and C. RGB analog component video uses no compression, imposes no .pdfmohammadirfan136964
A and C. RGB analog component video uses no compression, imposes no real limit on color
depth and resolution, requires a large amount of bandwidth to carry a signal, and is being
superseded by DVI and HDMI, which provide better clarity.
Solution
A and C. RGB analog component video uses no compression, imposes no real limit on color
depth and resolution, requires a large amount of bandwidth to carry a signal, and is being
superseded by DVI and HDMI, which provide better clarity..
Public key authentication is the most secure colution and utilizes a.pdfmohammadirfan136964
Public key authentication is the most secure colution and utilizes a public key cryptography(PKI)
system, using both public and private keys.A PKI is certainly the easiest solution from the users
prespective.It mainly supports the distribution and identification of public encryption keys,
enabling users and computers to both securely exchange data over networks such as the internet
and verify the identity of the other party.
Without PKI , sensitive information can still be encrypted ( ensuring confidentiality) and
exchanged but there would be no assurance of the identity(authentication) of the other party. Any
form of sensitive data exchanged over the internet is relianton PKI for security.
Elements of PKI
A typical PKI consists of hardware, software , policies and standards to manage the
creation,admisinstration , distribution and revocation of keys and digital certificates. Digital
certificates are at the heart of PKI as they affrim the identity of the certificate subject that bind
the identity to the public key contained in the certificate.
Following are the elements of the PKI:
Certificate Authority (CA)
Registration authority
A certificate database , it mainly stores the certificate requests and issues and revokes
certificates.
A certificate store , which resides on a local computer as a place to store issues certificates and
private keys.
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To connect many distant employees at once, all office locations must be able to access the same
network resource. Most time iof we will would house the core infrastucture needed to establish
the network, such as the servers and databases. Generally Wide area network (WAN) to connect
the remote offices. WAN are used to connect Local area network(LAN) for disparate offices
together.
However installation and overhead of LNS and WANS is expensive.
To over come this Virtual private networks that run over the internet.
VPN it mainly provides secure connections between individual users and their organizations
network over and their organizations network over the internet, have several upsides. They
provide more secure site to site connections. They provide information transfer much faster that
WAN\'s and most importantly to small and medimum sized business, VPN\'s are much
lessexpensive since you can use a single leased line to the internet for each ofice, cutting down
on broadband cost.
While VPN\'s are highly recommended and trusted a new technology gaining traction with
compaines is the remote desktop. Remote dsktops requires software or an operating system that
allows aplications to run remotely on a server, but to be displayed locally simultaneously. This
network server hosts remote files and application in a secure location , ensuring your data is
never lost , even when something happens to device you are working on.
Solution
Public key authentication is the most secure colution and utilizes a public key cryptography(PKI)
sy.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Adversarial Attention Modeling for Multi-dimensional Emotion Regression.pdf
Particle Charging Mechanisms in ESPParticles are charged by negat.pdf
1. Particle Charging Mechanisms in ESP:
Particles are charged by negative gas ions moving toward the collection plate by one of these two
mechanisms:
1. Field charging 2. diffusion charging.
In field charging, particles capture negatively charged gas ions as the ions move toward the
grounded collection plate. Diffusion charging, as its name implies, depends on the random
motion of the gas ions to charge particles. In field charging, as particles enter the electric field,
they cause a local dislocation of the field. Negative gas ions traveling along the electric field
lines collide with the suspended particles and impart a charge to them. The ions will continue to
bombard a particle until the charge on that particle is sufficient to divert the electric lines away
from it. This prevents new ions from colliding with the charged dust particle. When a particle no
longer receives an ion charge, it is said to be saturated. Saturated charged particles then migrate
to the collection electrode and are collected.
Diffusion charging is associated with the random Brownian motion of the negative gas ions. The
random motion is related to the velocity of the gas ions due to thermal effects: the higher the
temperature, the more movement. Negative gas ions collide with the particles because of their
random thermal motion and impart a charge on the particles. Because the particles are very
small, they do not cause the electric field to be dislocated, as in field charging. Thus, diffusion
charging is the only mechanism by which these very small particles become charged. The
charged particles then migrate to the collection electrode. Each of these two charging
mechanisms occurs to some extent, with one dominating depending on particle size.
Field charging dominates for particles with a diameter >1.0 micrometer because particles must
be large enough to capture gas ions. Diffusion charging dominates for particles with a diameter
less than 0.1 micrometer. A combination of these two charging mechanisms occurs for particles
ranging between 0.2 and 1.0 micrometer in diameter.
Solution
Particle Charging Mechanisms in ESP:
Particles are charged by negative gas ions moving toward the collection plate by one of these two
mechanisms:
1. Field charging 2. diffusion charging.
In field charging, particles capture negatively charged gas ions as the ions move toward the
2. grounded collection plate. Diffusion charging, as its name implies, depends on the random
motion of the gas ions to charge particles. In field charging, as particles enter the electric field,
they cause a local dislocation of the field. Negative gas ions traveling along the electric field
lines collide with the suspended particles and impart a charge to them. The ions will continue to
bombard a particle until the charge on that particle is sufficient to divert the electric lines away
from it. This prevents new ions from colliding with the charged dust particle. When a particle no
longer receives an ion charge, it is said to be saturated. Saturated charged particles then migrate
to the collection electrode and are collected.
Diffusion charging is associated with the random Brownian motion of the negative gas ions. The
random motion is related to the velocity of the gas ions due to thermal effects: the higher the
temperature, the more movement. Negative gas ions collide with the particles because of their
random thermal motion and impart a charge on the particles. Because the particles are very
small, they do not cause the electric field to be dislocated, as in field charging. Thus, diffusion
charging is the only mechanism by which these very small particles become charged. The
charged particles then migrate to the collection electrode. Each of these two charging
mechanisms occurs to some extent, with one dominating depending on particle size.
Field charging dominates for particles with a diameter >1.0 micrometer because particles must
be large enough to capture gas ions. Diffusion charging dominates for particles with a diameter
less than 0.1 micrometer. A combination of these two charging mechanisms occurs for particles
ranging between 0.2 and 1.0 micrometer in diameter.
