Thepossible mechanism by which a 75kD nuclear protein is imported into teh nucleus includes.
In eukaryotic cells the nucleus is physically separated from the cytoplasm by a double membrane
structure, the nuclear envelope (NE). The NE is crossed by multiple supramolecular structures
specialized in mediating the bidirectional traffic of molecules between the nucleus and the
cytoplasm. These structures are designated the nuclear pore complex (NPC), (Freitas, 2009).
Thus the nuclear pore complex (NPC), perhaps the largest protein complex in the cell, is
responsible for the protected exchange of components between the nucleus and cytoplasm and
for preventing the transport of material not destined to cross the nuclear envelope(UIUC).
Transport Cycle.In order to pass through the NPC, a large molecule (cargo) i.e. theteh cargo
proteinmust associate with another protein called a transport receptor. These transport receptors
then act as chaperones which shuttle cargo through the NPC. Recognition by the transport
receptor takes place via a specific sequence of amino acids in the cargo protein. Besides cargo
and transport receptors, the third ingredient necessary for nuclear transport is the signaling
protein Ran, which hydrolyzes GTP. Ran is responsible for regulating the interaction of transport
receptor and cargo and RanGDP/RanGTP concentration gradients across the nuclear envelope
drive nuclear import and export. Once a transport receptor identifies and binds its cargo, the
transport complex may be imported or exported through the NPC. Repeating amino acid
sequences involving phenyalanine (F) and glycine (G) have been thoroughly implicated in the
process selective import,(UIUC).
Solution
Thepossible mechanism by which a 75kD nuclear protein is imported into teh nucleus includes.
In eukaryotic cells the nucleus is physically separated from the cytoplasm by a double membrane
structure, the nuclear envelope (NE). The NE is crossed by multiple supramolecular structures
specialized in mediating the bidirectional traffic of molecules between the nucleus and the
cytoplasm. These structures are designated the nuclear pore complex (NPC), (Freitas, 2009).
Thus the nuclear pore complex (NPC), perhaps the largest protein complex in the cell, is
responsible for the protected exchange of components between the nucleus and cytoplasm and
for preventing the transport of material not destined to cross the nuclear envelope(UIUC).
Transport Cycle.In order to pass through the NPC, a large molecule (cargo) i.e. theteh cargo
proteinmust associate with another protein called a transport receptor. These transport receptors
then act as chaperones which shuttle cargo through the NPC. Recognition by the transport
receptor takes place via a specific sequence of amino acids in the cargo protein. Besides cargo
and transport receptors, the third ingredient necessary for nuclear transport is the signaling
protein Ran, which hydrolyzes GTP. Ran is responsible for regulating the inter.
DNA
its Discovery
Who Discovered DNA?
Credit for who first identified DNA is often mistakenly given to James Watson and Francis Crick, who just furthered Miescher’s discovery with their own groundbreaking research nearly 100 years later. Watson and Crick contributed largely to our understanding of DNA in terms of genetic inheritance, but much like Miescher, long before their work, others also made great advancements in and contributions to the field.
In 1866, before many significant discoveries and findings, Gregor Mendel was the first to suggest that characteristics are passed down from generation to generation. Mendel coined the terms as recessive and dominant.
In 1869, Friedrich Miescher identified the “nuclein” by isolating a molecule from a cell nucleus that would later become known as DNA.
In 1881, Nobel Prize winner and German biochemist Albrecht Kossel, who is credited with naming DNA, identified nuclein as a nucleic acid. He also isolated those five nitrogen bases that are now considered to be the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T) and uracil (U) in case of RNA).
In 1882, Walther Fleming devoted research and time to cytology, which is the study of chromosomes. He discovered mitosis in 1882 when he was the first biologist to execute a wholly systematic study of the division of chromosomes. His observations that chromosomes double is significant to the later discovered theory of inheritance.
In Early 1900s, Theodor Boveri and Walter Sutton were independently working on what’s now known as the Boveri-Sutton chromosome theory, or the chromosomal theory of inheritance. Their findings are fundamental in our understanding of how chromosomes carry genetic material and pass it down from one generation to the next.
In 1902, Mendel’s theories were finally associated with a human disease by Sir Archibald Edward Garrod, who published the first findings from a study on recessive inheritance in human beings in 1902. Garrod opened the door for our understanding of genetic disorders resulting from errors in chemical pathways in the body.
In 1944, Oswald Avery first outlined DNA as the transforming principle, which essentially means that DNA transform cell properties.
How are nuclear pores and porins in the membrane differentSolut.pdffootsmart1
How are nuclear pores and porins in the membrane different?
Solution
Nuclear pores: are large protein complexes that cross the nuclear envelope, which is the double
membrane surrounding the eukaryotic cell nucleus. There are about an average of 2000 nuclear
pore complexes (NPCs), in the nuclear envelope of a vertebrate cell, but it varies depending on
cell type and the stage in the life cycle.[1] The proteins that make up the nuclear pore complex
are known as nucleoporins. About half of the nucleoporins typically contain solenoid protein
domains—either an alpha solenoid or a beta-propeller fold, or in some cases both as separate
structural domains. Each NPC contains at least 456 individual protein molecules and is
composed of 30 distinct proteins (nucleoporins).
NuclearPorins:nucleoporins are a family of proteins which are the constituent building blocks of
the nuclear pore complex (NPC).[1] The nuclear pore complex is a massive structure that
extends across the nuclear envelope, forming a gateway that regulates the flow of
macromolecules between the cell nucleus and the cytoplasm. Nuclear pores in turn allow the
transport of water-soluble molecules across the nuclear envelope. Nucleoporins, a family of
around 30 proteins, are the main components of the nuclear pore complex in eukaryotic cells.
Nucleoporin 62 is the most abundant member of this family.[2] Nucleoporins are able to
transport molecules across the nuclear envelope at a very high rate. A single NPC is able to
transport 60,000 protein molecules across the nuclear envelope every minute..
Protein targeting or protein sorting is the biological mechanism by which proteins are transported to their appropriate destinations in the cell or outside it. Proteins can be targeted to the inner space of an organelle, different intracellular membranes, plasma membrane, or to exterior of the cell via secretion.
Nucleus: Structure and function
nuclear membrane
nuclear lamins
Nuclear pore complexe
nuclear matrix, composition and its role
cajal bodies
SFCs
nuclear speckles
PML bodies
Nucleolus
Nucleus-the heart of the cell-cellular organellesbiOlOgyBINGE
In cell biology, the nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
The nucleus is found in all the eukaryotic cells of the plants and animals.
here u will find every detail of nucleus.
for more details ,visit @biOlOgy BINGE-insight learning (youtube channel)
2. Ligamentum arteriosumThe aortic arch loops over the left pulmo.pdfmohammadirfan136964
2. Ligamentum arteriosum:
The aortic arch loops over the left pulmonary artery and the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk,
to which it remains connected by the ligamentum arteriosum, a remnant of the fetal circulation
that is obliterated a few days after birth.
3. Caecum:
The cecum is a pouch-like dead-end passage that branches inferiorly from the end of the ileum
(end part of small intestine). Fecal matter entering the large intestine from the ileum passes into
the cecum before being pushed superiorly into the ascending colon. The appendix is attached to
the inferior end of the cecum and is believed to store beneficial bacteria that help break down
undigested food.
Solution
2. Ligamentum arteriosum:
The aortic arch loops over the left pulmonary artery and the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk,
to which it remains connected by the ligamentum arteriosum, a remnant of the fetal circulation
that is obliterated a few days after birth.
3. Caecum:
The cecum is a pouch-like dead-end passage that branches inferiorly from the end of the ileum
(end part of small intestine). Fecal matter entering the large intestine from the ileum passes into
the cecum before being pushed superiorly into the ascending colon. The appendix is attached to
the inferior end of the cecum and is believed to store beneficial bacteria that help break down
undigested food..
moles should be equal to complete consumption so v*0.250 = 0.150*0.100 /2 ( 2 is
for - as Pb(NO3)2 gives 2 moles of NO3- when dissociate) so v = 0.03 L ANSWER
Solution
moles should be equal to complete consumption so v*0.250 = 0.150*0.100 /2 ( 2 is
for - as Pb(NO3)2 gives 2 moles of NO3- when dissociate) so v = 0.03 L ANSWER.
More Related Content
Similar to Thepossible mechanism by which a 75kD nuclear protein is imported in.pdf
DNA
its Discovery
Who Discovered DNA?
Credit for who first identified DNA is often mistakenly given to James Watson and Francis Crick, who just furthered Miescher’s discovery with their own groundbreaking research nearly 100 years later. Watson and Crick contributed largely to our understanding of DNA in terms of genetic inheritance, but much like Miescher, long before their work, others also made great advancements in and contributions to the field.
In 1866, before many significant discoveries and findings, Gregor Mendel was the first to suggest that characteristics are passed down from generation to generation. Mendel coined the terms as recessive and dominant.
In 1869, Friedrich Miescher identified the “nuclein” by isolating a molecule from a cell nucleus that would later become known as DNA.
In 1881, Nobel Prize winner and German biochemist Albrecht Kossel, who is credited with naming DNA, identified nuclein as a nucleic acid. He also isolated those five nitrogen bases that are now considered to be the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T) and uracil (U) in case of RNA).
In 1882, Walther Fleming devoted research and time to cytology, which is the study of chromosomes. He discovered mitosis in 1882 when he was the first biologist to execute a wholly systematic study of the division of chromosomes. His observations that chromosomes double is significant to the later discovered theory of inheritance.
In Early 1900s, Theodor Boveri and Walter Sutton were independently working on what’s now known as the Boveri-Sutton chromosome theory, or the chromosomal theory of inheritance. Their findings are fundamental in our understanding of how chromosomes carry genetic material and pass it down from one generation to the next.
In 1902, Mendel’s theories were finally associated with a human disease by Sir Archibald Edward Garrod, who published the first findings from a study on recessive inheritance in human beings in 1902. Garrod opened the door for our understanding of genetic disorders resulting from errors in chemical pathways in the body.
In 1944, Oswald Avery first outlined DNA as the transforming principle, which essentially means that DNA transform cell properties.
How are nuclear pores and porins in the membrane differentSolut.pdffootsmart1
How are nuclear pores and porins in the membrane different?
Solution
Nuclear pores: are large protein complexes that cross the nuclear envelope, which is the double
membrane surrounding the eukaryotic cell nucleus. There are about an average of 2000 nuclear
pore complexes (NPCs), in the nuclear envelope of a vertebrate cell, but it varies depending on
cell type and the stage in the life cycle.[1] The proteins that make up the nuclear pore complex
are known as nucleoporins. About half of the nucleoporins typically contain solenoid protein
domains—either an alpha solenoid or a beta-propeller fold, or in some cases both as separate
structural domains. Each NPC contains at least 456 individual protein molecules and is
composed of 30 distinct proteins (nucleoporins).
NuclearPorins:nucleoporins are a family of proteins which are the constituent building blocks of
the nuclear pore complex (NPC).[1] The nuclear pore complex is a massive structure that
extends across the nuclear envelope, forming a gateway that regulates the flow of
macromolecules between the cell nucleus and the cytoplasm. Nuclear pores in turn allow the
transport of water-soluble molecules across the nuclear envelope. Nucleoporins, a family of
around 30 proteins, are the main components of the nuclear pore complex in eukaryotic cells.
Nucleoporin 62 is the most abundant member of this family.[2] Nucleoporins are able to
transport molecules across the nuclear envelope at a very high rate. A single NPC is able to
transport 60,000 protein molecules across the nuclear envelope every minute..
Protein targeting or protein sorting is the biological mechanism by which proteins are transported to their appropriate destinations in the cell or outside it. Proteins can be targeted to the inner space of an organelle, different intracellular membranes, plasma membrane, or to exterior of the cell via secretion.
Nucleus: Structure and function
nuclear membrane
nuclear lamins
Nuclear pore complexe
nuclear matrix, composition and its role
cajal bodies
SFCs
nuclear speckles
PML bodies
Nucleolus
Nucleus-the heart of the cell-cellular organellesbiOlOgyBINGE
In cell biology, the nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
The nucleus is found in all the eukaryotic cells of the plants and animals.
here u will find every detail of nucleus.
for more details ,visit @biOlOgy BINGE-insight learning (youtube channel)
2. Ligamentum arteriosumThe aortic arch loops over the left pulmo.pdfmohammadirfan136964
2. Ligamentum arteriosum:
The aortic arch loops over the left pulmonary artery and the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk,
to which it remains connected by the ligamentum arteriosum, a remnant of the fetal circulation
that is obliterated a few days after birth.
3. Caecum:
The cecum is a pouch-like dead-end passage that branches inferiorly from the end of the ileum
(end part of small intestine). Fecal matter entering the large intestine from the ileum passes into
the cecum before being pushed superiorly into the ascending colon. The appendix is attached to
the inferior end of the cecum and is believed to store beneficial bacteria that help break down
undigested food.
Solution
2. Ligamentum arteriosum:
The aortic arch loops over the left pulmonary artery and the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk,
to which it remains connected by the ligamentum arteriosum, a remnant of the fetal circulation
that is obliterated a few days after birth.
3. Caecum:
The cecum is a pouch-like dead-end passage that branches inferiorly from the end of the ileum
(end part of small intestine). Fecal matter entering the large intestine from the ileum passes into
the cecum before being pushed superiorly into the ascending colon. The appendix is attached to
the inferior end of the cecum and is believed to store beneficial bacteria that help break down
undigested food..
moles should be equal to complete consumption so v*0.250 = 0.150*0.100 /2 ( 2 is
for - as Pb(NO3)2 gives 2 moles of NO3- when dissociate) so v = 0.03 L ANSWER
Solution
moles should be equal to complete consumption so v*0.250 = 0.150*0.100 /2 ( 2 is
for - as Pb(NO3)2 gives 2 moles of NO3- when dissociate) so v = 0.03 L ANSWER.
TrueOne of the fundamental rules which control the PLSS system is .pdfmohammadirfan136964
True
One of the fundamental rules which control the PLSS system is that the boundaries of the public
land once approved and accepted is unchangeable.
Solution
True
One of the fundamental rules which control the PLSS system is that the boundaries of the public
land once approved and accepted is unchangeable..
The stronger the attractions betweenparticles (molecules or ions), the more difficult
it will be toseparate the particles. When substances melt, the particles arestill close to one
another but the forces of attraction that heldthe particles rigidly together in the solid state have
beensufficiently overcome to allow the particles to move. Whensubstances boil, the particles are
completely separated from oneanother and the attractions between molecules are
completelyovercome. The energy required to cause substances to melt and toboil, and thus
disrupt the forces of attraction, comes from theenvironment surrounding the material. If you
place a piece of icein your hand, the ice will melt more quickly than if it is placedon a cold
counter top. The energy required to melt the ice comesfrom your hand, your hand gets colder and
the ice gets warmer. for ice melting hydrogen bonding for sublimation of ice London
forcesAmmoniavaporisation having hydrogen bonding
Solution
The stronger the attractions betweenparticles (molecules or ions), the more difficult
it will be toseparate the particles. When substances melt, the particles arestill close to one
another but the forces of attraction that heldthe particles rigidly together in the solid state have
beensufficiently overcome to allow the particles to move. Whensubstances boil, the particles are
completely separated from oneanother and the attractions between molecules are
completelyovercome. The energy required to cause substances to melt and toboil, and thus
disrupt the forces of attraction, comes from theenvironment surrounding the material. If you
place a piece of icein your hand, the ice will melt more quickly than if it is placedon a cold
counter top. The energy required to melt the ice comesfrom your hand, your hand gets colder and
the ice gets warmer. for ice melting hydrogen bonding for sublimation of ice London
forcesAmmoniavaporisation having hydrogen bonding.
a. It gives benzalacetone b. acetone will undergo intermolecular aldol condensation
c. benzaldehyde undergoes claisen condensation d. addition over double bond in product takes
place
Solution
a. It gives benzalacetone b. acetone will undergo intermolecular aldol condensation
c. benzaldehyde undergoes claisen condensation d. addition over double bond in product takes
place.
what is the mean, median, mode and the midrange for 191, 167,257,1.pdfmohammadirfan136964
what is the mean, median, mode and the midrange for : 191,
167,257,195,381,261,235,332,225,245
Solution
Mean = Sum of the numbers/n = 3174.6
Median = Since the no of values is 15 which is odd.. the median will be the middle value i.e. 8th
value in increasing order = 1479
Mode = Value with the highest frequency = All have the same frequency so all are modes
Midrange = ( max + min ) / 2 = (203 + 9822)/2 = 5012.5.
Disodium malonate is an ionic sodium salt that is soluble in water..pdfmohammadirfan136964
Disodium malonate is an ionic sodium salt that is soluble in water.
Naphthalene is a molecular covalent organic solid that is insoluble in water.
To purify, add the mixture to water and stir to dissolve the disodium malonate and then filter.
The insoluble naphthalene residue will be trapped in the filter paper, while the pure disodium
malonate can be recovered by evaporating the filtrate.
Solution
Disodium malonate is an ionic sodium salt that is soluble in water.
Naphthalene is a molecular covalent organic solid that is insoluble in water.
To purify, add the mixture to water and stir to dissolve the disodium malonate and then filter.
The insoluble naphthalene residue will be trapped in the filter paper, while the pure disodium
malonate can be recovered by evaporating the filtrate..
They showed that GFP protein could be expressed in the organisms wit.pdfmohammadirfan136964
They showed that GFP protein could be expressed in the organisms with which they can be used
as a gene expression marker and protein localisation.
They used GFP in transcriptional fusions to characterize the expression pattern of genes. They
used the transformation techniques using DNA encoding GFP.
Solution
They showed that GFP protein could be expressed in the organisms with which they can be used
as a gene expression marker and protein localisation.
They used GFP in transcriptional fusions to characterize the expression pattern of genes. They
used the transformation techniques using DNA encoding GFP..
The neurons are nervous cells which play the central role in generat.pdfmohammadirfan136964
The neurons are nervous cells which play the central role in generating, holding and transmitting
information across the body. The information as we perceive is a physico-physiological aspect of
our reaction to an action but it is comprised of a complex set of cytological, electro-chemical and
bio-molecular state of entitites. To be specific, the mode of action of neurons can be functionally
understood as:
The neurons comprise of a complex set of neurological membranes and ion-channels. When a
stimulus is experienced by the body/brain, it changes the bio-chemical nature/concentrations of
various electrically stimulated ions present inside the neurons and outside their perphery. This
causes generation of a local ionic gradient in the neurons which further drives physical activity
of the neuron. The neurological membranes play important role in relay of information. These
membranes help in relay of these biochemical signals across various neurological membranes
and thus transit this information from one neuron to another via a matrix between the two, called
synapse. This process takes place in a very small fraction of seconds so that an immediate and
appropriate reaction could be made.
Thus, a neurological cell holds the information by means of generation of a local bio-chemical
potential and ionic gradient and relays/moves this information by means of channelizing these
local gradients in the form of electro-chemical signals from one neuron to the other through
synapse.
Solution
The neurons are nervous cells which play the central role in generating, holding and transmitting
information across the body. The information as we perceive is a physico-physiological aspect of
our reaction to an action but it is comprised of a complex set of cytological, electro-chemical and
bio-molecular state of entitites. To be specific, the mode of action of neurons can be functionally
understood as:
The neurons comprise of a complex set of neurological membranes and ion-channels. When a
stimulus is experienced by the body/brain, it changes the bio-chemical nature/concentrations of
various electrically stimulated ions present inside the neurons and outside their perphery. This
causes generation of a local ionic gradient in the neurons which further drives physical activity
of the neuron. The neurological membranes play important role in relay of information. These
membranes help in relay of these biochemical signals across various neurological membranes
and thus transit this information from one neuron to another via a matrix between the two, called
synapse. This process takes place in a very small fraction of seconds so that an immediate and
appropriate reaction could be made.
Thus, a neurological cell holds the information by means of generation of a local bio-chemical
potential and ionic gradient and relays/moves this information by means of channelizing these
local gradients in the form of electro-chemical signals from one neuron to the other through
synapse..
The parts of the respiratory tract which have nonkeratinized stratif.pdfmohammadirfan136964
The parts of the respiratory tract which have nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium are
Larynx-vocal cords, Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx.
Solution
The parts of the respiratory tract which have nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium are
Larynx-vocal cords, Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx..
The impact of Brexit would be visible on the financial instituations.pdfmohammadirfan136964
The impact of Brexit would be visible on the financial instituations of US and Europe. The
impact would be shorter and longer term both. The biggest of all is the uncertainty it has created.
So at first the financial firms would hold on to the likely investments they are going to make in
UK as they would go in wait and watch mode.
Also they are likely going to wrap up the operations or shift their base from UK to other
European country assuming that the base operations caters primarily to the European nations.
This also leads to a number of Mergers and acquisitions as the valuations of a lot of businesses
would turn attractive due to currency depreciation.
Solution
The impact of Brexit would be visible on the financial instituations of US and Europe. The
impact would be shorter and longer term both. The biggest of all is the uncertainty it has created.
So at first the financial firms would hold on to the likely investments they are going to make in
UK as they would go in wait and watch mode.
Also they are likely going to wrap up the operations or shift their base from UK to other
European country assuming that the base operations caters primarily to the European nations.
This also leads to a number of Mergers and acquisitions as the valuations of a lot of businesses
would turn attractive due to currency depreciation..
The alkaline earth metals burn in oxygen to form the monoxide, MO wh.pdfmohammadirfan136964
The alkaline earth metals burn in oxygen to form the monoxide, MO which, except for BeO,
have rock-salt structure (BeO has wurtzite structure). The BeO is essentially covalent in nature.
The enthalpies of formation of these oxides are quite high and consequently they are very stable
to heat. BeO is amphoteric while oxides of other elements are ionic in nature. All these oxides
except BeO are basic in nature and react with water to form sparingly soluble hydroxides.
Solution
The alkaline earth metals burn in oxygen to form the monoxide, MO which, except for BeO,
have rock-salt structure (BeO has wurtzite structure). The BeO is essentially covalent in nature.
The enthalpies of formation of these oxides are quite high and consequently they are very stable
to heat. BeO is amphoteric while oxides of other elements are ionic in nature. All these oxides
except BeO are basic in nature and react with water to form sparingly soluble hydroxides..
Squid: mollusc
Crab: Arthropods
Crayfish: Arthropods
Polychaete: Annelids
Homologous organs are the one that develop from common ancestor and have diverged to
perform different functions according to the habitat and habit of the organisms. Lateral
appendages present in Crab (arthropod), crayfish (arthropod) and polychaete (annelid) exhibit
homology. The lateral appendages (parapodia) in polychaete worms extend from the body
segments and serve in locomotion. However, soft body plan does not fix them firmly. On the
other hand, arthropods have hard bodied skeleton. Crab and crayfish takes advantage of hard
bodied skeleton and their lateral appendages are fixed firmly in the skeleton to provide maximum
leverage. Development of parapodia in polychetes allowed them to thrive out of burrow in the
muddy oceanic sediments.
Solution
Squid: mollusc
Crab: Arthropods
Crayfish: Arthropods
Polychaete: Annelids
Homologous organs are the one that develop from common ancestor and have diverged to
perform different functions according to the habitat and habit of the organisms. Lateral
appendages present in Crab (arthropod), crayfish (arthropod) and polychaete (annelid) exhibit
homology. The lateral appendages (parapodia) in polychaete worms extend from the body
segments and serve in locomotion. However, soft body plan does not fix them firmly. On the
other hand, arthropods have hard bodied skeleton. Crab and crayfish takes advantage of hard
bodied skeleton and their lateral appendages are fixed firmly in the skeleton to provide maximum
leverage. Development of parapodia in polychetes allowed them to thrive out of burrow in the
muddy oceanic sediments..
Ques-1Normala flora and microbiota of nose and mouth are non-infe.pdfmohammadirfan136964
Ques-1:
Normala flora and microbiota of nose and mouth are non-infectious in the region where they are
living in colonies at specific pH and temperature. However, if they reach other parts of human
body other than nose and mouth may induce “infection”
They do possess common characteristics of sensing known as “quorum sensing” in which
bacteria flora are going to communicate with each other in the region or habitat where they are
living. They have a specific property of “horizontal gene transfer”
Staphylococcus epidermis & lactobacillus are going to present in mouth Corynebacterium and
spirochetes are going to present in nose due to presence of moist environments
Ques-2:
Answer:
Yes, there are other microorganisms inside the mouth & nose other normal flora and microbiota.
There are some fungal microbial pathogens, spirochetes, aspergillus, blastomycosis at the time of
infection present in oral & nasal cavities
Solution
Ques-1:
Normala flora and microbiota of nose and mouth are non-infectious in the region where they are
living in colonies at specific pH and temperature. However, if they reach other parts of human
body other than nose and mouth may induce “infection”
They do possess common characteristics of sensing known as “quorum sensing” in which
bacteria flora are going to communicate with each other in the region or habitat where they are
living. They have a specific property of “horizontal gene transfer”
Staphylococcus epidermis & lactobacillus are going to present in mouth Corynebacterium and
spirochetes are going to present in nose due to presence of moist environments
Ques-2:
Answer:
Yes, there are other microorganisms inside the mouth & nose other normal flora and microbiota.
There are some fungal microbial pathogens, spirochetes, aspergillus, blastomycosis at the time of
infection present in oral & nasal cavities.
Solution.According to IASB framework INCOME is the one of element .pdfmohammadirfan136964
Solution
.
According to IASB framework INCOME is the one of element of balance sheet which
increases in economic benefits during the accounting period in the form of inflows or
enhancements of assets or decreases of liabilities that result in increases in equity, other than
those relating to contributions from equity participants?.
7. Answer is A.Cytochromes are protien containing iron or heme gro.pdfmohammadirfan136964
7. Answer is A.
Cytochromes are protien containing iron or heme groups and function as electron transfer agents
in many metabolic pathways in mitochondria and chloroplasts. It doesn\'t pump ATP, It doesn\'t
has sulfur groups and it doesn\'t reduce oxygen to water.
8. Answer is B.
Pyruvate to is converted to acetyl-coA by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. First Pyruvate is
decarboxylated by pyruvate dehydrogenase with help from TPP. Then dihydrolipoyl
transacetylase with cofactor lipoamide oxidizes hydroxyethyl- to acetyl- and then transfers
acetyl- to CoA, forming acetyl-CoA. Finally dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase oxidizes the thiol
groups of the dihydrolipoamide back to lipoamide reducing NAD to NADH.
9. Answer is E.
The strongest oxidizing agent is oxygen, the oxidation of reduced NADH by oxygen has
potential difference of 1.136 V; the electron flow will be from the most negative system, which
is the couple NAD+/NADH, to the least negative system which is the couple O2/H2O. Thus the
oxidation of the reduced form, NADH,oxygen is a spontaneous and a slow reaction, unless
enzymes are present to catalyze the reaction.
Solution
7. Answer is A.
Cytochromes are protien containing iron or heme groups and function as electron transfer agents
in many metabolic pathways in mitochondria and chloroplasts. It doesn\'t pump ATP, It doesn\'t
has sulfur groups and it doesn\'t reduce oxygen to water.
8. Answer is B.
Pyruvate to is converted to acetyl-coA by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. First Pyruvate is
decarboxylated by pyruvate dehydrogenase with help from TPP. Then dihydrolipoyl
transacetylase with cofactor lipoamide oxidizes hydroxyethyl- to acetyl- and then transfers
acetyl- to CoA, forming acetyl-CoA. Finally dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase oxidizes the thiol
groups of the dihydrolipoamide back to lipoamide reducing NAD to NADH.
9. Answer is E.
The strongest oxidizing agent is oxygen, the oxidation of reduced NADH by oxygen has
potential difference of 1.136 V; the electron flow will be from the most negative system, which
is the couple NAD+/NADH, to the least negative system which is the couple O2/H2O. Thus the
oxidation of the reduced form, NADH,oxygen is a spontaneous and a slow reaction, unless
enzymes are present to catalyze the reaction..
A and C. RGB analog component video uses no compression, imposes no .pdfmohammadirfan136964
A and C. RGB analog component video uses no compression, imposes no real limit on color
depth and resolution, requires a large amount of bandwidth to carry a signal, and is being
superseded by DVI and HDMI, which provide better clarity.
Solution
A and C. RGB analog component video uses no compression, imposes no real limit on color
depth and resolution, requires a large amount of bandwidth to carry a signal, and is being
superseded by DVI and HDMI, which provide better clarity..
Public key authentication is the most secure colution and utilizes a.pdfmohammadirfan136964
Public key authentication is the most secure colution and utilizes a public key cryptography(PKI)
system, using both public and private keys.A PKI is certainly the easiest solution from the users
prespective.It mainly supports the distribution and identification of public encryption keys,
enabling users and computers to both securely exchange data over networks such as the internet
and verify the identity of the other party.
Without PKI , sensitive information can still be encrypted ( ensuring confidentiality) and
exchanged but there would be no assurance of the identity(authentication) of the other party. Any
form of sensitive data exchanged over the internet is relianton PKI for security.
Elements of PKI
A typical PKI consists of hardware, software , policies and standards to manage the
creation,admisinstration , distribution and revocation of keys and digital certificates. Digital
certificates are at the heart of PKI as they affrim the identity of the certificate subject that bind
the identity to the public key contained in the certificate.
Following are the elements of the PKI:
Certificate Authority (CA)
Registration authority
A certificate database , it mainly stores the certificate requests and issues and revokes
certificates.
A certificate store , which resides on a local computer as a place to store issues certificates and
private keys.
--------------------------************************-----------------------------
To connect many distant employees at once, all office locations must be able to access the same
network resource. Most time iof we will would house the core infrastucture needed to establish
the network, such as the servers and databases. Generally Wide area network (WAN) to connect
the remote offices. WAN are used to connect Local area network(LAN) for disparate offices
together.
However installation and overhead of LNS and WANS is expensive.
To over come this Virtual private networks that run over the internet.
VPN it mainly provides secure connections between individual users and their organizations
network over and their organizations network over the internet, have several upsides. They
provide more secure site to site connections. They provide information transfer much faster that
WAN\'s and most importantly to small and medimum sized business, VPN\'s are much
lessexpensive since you can use a single leased line to the internet for each ofice, cutting down
on broadband cost.
While VPN\'s are highly recommended and trusted a new technology gaining traction with
compaines is the remote desktop. Remote dsktops requires software or an operating system that
allows aplications to run remotely on a server, but to be displayed locally simultaneously. This
network server hosts remote files and application in a secure location , ensuring your data is
never lost , even when something happens to device you are working on.
Solution
Public key authentication is the most secure colution and utilizes a public key cryptography(PKI)
sy.
Particle Charging Mechanisms in ESPParticles are charged by negat.pdfmohammadirfan136964
Particle Charging Mechanisms in ESP:
Particles are charged by negative gas ions moving toward the collection plate by one of these two
mechanisms:
1. Field charging 2. diffusion charging.
In field charging, particles capture negatively charged gas ions as the ions move toward the
grounded collection plate. Diffusion charging, as its name implies, depends on the random
motion of the gas ions to charge particles. In field charging, as particles enter the electric field,
they cause a local dislocation of the field. Negative gas ions traveling along the electric field
lines collide with the suspended particles and impart a charge to them. The ions will continue to
bombard a particle until the charge on that particle is sufficient to divert the electric lines away
from it. This prevents new ions from colliding with the charged dust particle. When a particle no
longer receives an ion charge, it is said to be saturated. Saturated charged particles then migrate
to the collection electrode and are collected.
Diffusion charging is associated with the random Brownian motion of the negative gas ions. The
random motion is related to the velocity of the gas ions due to thermal effects: the higher the
temperature, the more movement. Negative gas ions collide with the particles because of their
random thermal motion and impart a charge on the particles. Because the particles are very
small, they do not cause the electric field to be dislocated, as in field charging. Thus, diffusion
charging is the only mechanism by which these very small particles become charged. The
charged particles then migrate to the collection electrode. Each of these two charging
mechanisms occurs to some extent, with one dominating depending on particle size.
Field charging dominates for particles with a diameter >1.0 micrometer because particles must
be large enough to capture gas ions. Diffusion charging dominates for particles with a diameter
less than 0.1 micrometer. A combination of these two charging mechanisms occurs for particles
ranging between 0.2 and 1.0 micrometer in diameter.
Solution
Particle Charging Mechanisms in ESP:
Particles are charged by negative gas ions moving toward the collection plate by one of these two
mechanisms:
1. Field charging 2. diffusion charging.
In field charging, particles capture negatively charged gas ions as the ions move toward the
grounded collection plate. Diffusion charging, as its name implies, depends on the random
motion of the gas ions to charge particles. In field charging, as particles enter the electric field,
they cause a local dislocation of the field. Negative gas ions traveling along the electric field
lines collide with the suspended particles and impart a charge to them. The ions will continue to
bombard a particle until the charge on that particle is sufficient to divert the electric lines away
from it. This prevents new ions from colliding with the charged dust particle. When a particle no
longer receives an ion charge, it is.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Thepossible mechanism by which a 75kD nuclear protein is imported in.pdf
1. Thepossible mechanism by which a 75kD nuclear protein is imported into teh nucleus includes.
In eukaryotic cells the nucleus is physically separated from the cytoplasm by a double membrane
structure, the nuclear envelope (NE). The NE is crossed by multiple supramolecular structures
specialized in mediating the bidirectional traffic of molecules between the nucleus and the
cytoplasm. These structures are designated the nuclear pore complex (NPC), (Freitas, 2009).
Thus the nuclear pore complex (NPC), perhaps the largest protein complex in the cell, is
responsible for the protected exchange of components between the nucleus and cytoplasm and
for preventing the transport of material not destined to cross the nuclear envelope(UIUC).
Transport Cycle.In order to pass through the NPC, a large molecule (cargo) i.e. theteh cargo
proteinmust associate with another protein called a transport receptor. These transport receptors
then act as chaperones which shuttle cargo through the NPC. Recognition by the transport
receptor takes place via a specific sequence of amino acids in the cargo protein. Besides cargo
and transport receptors, the third ingredient necessary for nuclear transport is the signaling
protein Ran, which hydrolyzes GTP. Ran is responsible for regulating the interaction of transport
receptor and cargo and RanGDP/RanGTP concentration gradients across the nuclear envelope
drive nuclear import and export. Once a transport receptor identifies and binds its cargo, the
transport complex may be imported or exported through the NPC. Repeating amino acid
sequences involving phenyalanine (F) and glycine (G) have been thoroughly implicated in the
process selective import,(UIUC).
Solution
Thepossible mechanism by which a 75kD nuclear protein is imported into teh nucleus includes.
In eukaryotic cells the nucleus is physically separated from the cytoplasm by a double membrane
structure, the nuclear envelope (NE). The NE is crossed by multiple supramolecular structures
specialized in mediating the bidirectional traffic of molecules between the nucleus and the
cytoplasm. These structures are designated the nuclear pore complex (NPC), (Freitas, 2009).
Thus the nuclear pore complex (NPC), perhaps the largest protein complex in the cell, is
responsible for the protected exchange of components between the nucleus and cytoplasm and
for preventing the transport of material not destined to cross the nuclear envelope(UIUC).
Transport Cycle.In order to pass through the NPC, a large molecule (cargo) i.e. theteh cargo
proteinmust associate with another protein called a transport receptor. These transport receptors
then act as chaperones which shuttle cargo through the NPC. Recognition by the transport
receptor takes place via a specific sequence of amino acids in the cargo protein. Besides cargo
and transport receptors, the third ingredient necessary for nuclear transport is the signaling
2. protein Ran, which hydrolyzes GTP. Ran is responsible for regulating the interaction of transport
receptor and cargo and RanGDP/RanGTP concentration gradients across the nuclear envelope
drive nuclear import and export. Once a transport receptor identifies and binds its cargo, the
transport complex may be imported or exported through the NPC. Repeating amino acid
sequences involving phenyalanine (F) and glycine (G) have been thoroughly implicated in the
process selective import,(UIUC).
