This document discusses parallel architecture and parallel programming. It begins with an introduction to von Neumann architecture and serial computation. Then it defines parallel architecture, outlines its benefits, and describes classifications of parallel processors including multiprocessor architectures. It also discusses parallel programming models, how to design parallel programs, and examples of parallel algorithms. Specific topics covered include shared memory and distributed memory architectures, message passing and data parallel programming models, domain and functional decomposition techniques, and a case study on developing parallel web applications using Java threads and mobile agents.
Highlighted notes while studying Concurrent Data Structures:
DDR SDRAM
Source: Wikipedia
Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory, officially abbreviated as DDR SDRAM, is a double data rate (DDR) synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) class of memory integrated circuits used in computers. DDR SDRAM, also retroactively called DDR1 SDRAM, has been superseded by DDR2 SDRAM, DDR3 SDRAM, and DDR4 SDRAM, and soon will be superseded by DDR5 SDRAM. None of its successors are forward or backward compatible with DDR1 SDRAM, meaning DDR2, DDR3, DDR4 and DDR5 memory modules will not work in DDR1-equipped motherboards, and vice versa.
Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia, created and edited by volunteers around the world and hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation.
Information and data security pseudorandom number generation and stream cipherMazin Alwaaly
Information And Data Security Pseudorandom Number Generation and Stream Cipher seminar
Mustansiriya University
Department of Education
Computer Science
Presentation covers fundamental of CPU architecture and memory model used for Parallel Processing in easy to understand language.
Apart from theory, small example C code has also been provided.
Topics covered are
1. Introduction
2. Michael Flynn Classification (SISD, SIMD, MISD, MIMD)
3. Memory Model ( Shared vs Distributed)
4. SIMD
5. MIMD on Shared Memory
6. MIMD on Distributed Memory
Highlighted notes while studying Concurrent Data Structures:
DDR SDRAM
Source: Wikipedia
Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory, officially abbreviated as DDR SDRAM, is a double data rate (DDR) synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) class of memory integrated circuits used in computers. DDR SDRAM, also retroactively called DDR1 SDRAM, has been superseded by DDR2 SDRAM, DDR3 SDRAM, and DDR4 SDRAM, and soon will be superseded by DDR5 SDRAM. None of its successors are forward or backward compatible with DDR1 SDRAM, meaning DDR2, DDR3, DDR4 and DDR5 memory modules will not work in DDR1-equipped motherboards, and vice versa.
Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia, created and edited by volunteers around the world and hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation.
Information and data security pseudorandom number generation and stream cipherMazin Alwaaly
Information And Data Security Pseudorandom Number Generation and Stream Cipher seminar
Mustansiriya University
Department of Education
Computer Science
Presentation covers fundamental of CPU architecture and memory model used for Parallel Processing in easy to understand language.
Apart from theory, small example C code has also been provided.
Topics covered are
1. Introduction
2. Michael Flynn Classification (SISD, SIMD, MISD, MIMD)
3. Memory Model ( Shared vs Distributed)
4. SIMD
5. MIMD on Shared Memory
6. MIMD on Distributed Memory
From the perspective of Design and Analysis of Algorithm. I made these slide by collecting data from many sites.
I am Danish Javed. Student of BSCS Hons. at ITU Information Technology University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Micro-Architectural Attacks on Cyber-Physical SystemsHeechul Yun
Micro-architectural attacks are specialized software attacks that target hardware. Modern high-performance computing hardware employs a variety of sophisticated microarchitectural components---multiple levels of caches, prefetchers, out-of-order speculative execution engine, etc.---to improve performance. Micro-architectural attacks target weaknesses in these microarchitectural components and many kinds of successful attacks---which leak secret, alter data, or delay execution times of the victim---have been demonstrated in recent years. As safety-critical cyber-physical systems (CPS) are increasingly relying on high-performance hardware, micro-architectural attacks on CPS are becoming a serious threat to their safety and security. In this talk, I will present examples of micro-architectural attacks in the context of CPS and discuss the challenges and potential approaches to defend against these attacks.
Many modern and emerging applications must process huge amounts of data.
Unfortunately, prevalent computer architectures are based on the von Neumann design, where processing units and memory units are located apart, which make them highly inefficient for large-scale data intensive tasks.
The performance and energy costs when executing this type of applications are dominated by the movement of data between memory units and processing units. This is known as the von Neumann bottleneck.
Processing-in-Memory (PIM) is a computing paradigm that avoids most of this data movement by putting together, in the same place or near, computation and data.
This talk will give an overview of PIM and will discuss some of the key enabling technologies.
Next I will present some of our research results in that area, specifically in the application areas of genome sequence alignment and time series analysis.
From the perspective of Design and Analysis of Algorithm. I made these slide by collecting data from many sites.
I am Danish Javed. Student of BSCS Hons. at ITU Information Technology University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Micro-Architectural Attacks on Cyber-Physical SystemsHeechul Yun
Micro-architectural attacks are specialized software attacks that target hardware. Modern high-performance computing hardware employs a variety of sophisticated microarchitectural components---multiple levels of caches, prefetchers, out-of-order speculative execution engine, etc.---to improve performance. Micro-architectural attacks target weaknesses in these microarchitectural components and many kinds of successful attacks---which leak secret, alter data, or delay execution times of the victim---have been demonstrated in recent years. As safety-critical cyber-physical systems (CPS) are increasingly relying on high-performance hardware, micro-architectural attacks on CPS are becoming a serious threat to their safety and security. In this talk, I will present examples of micro-architectural attacks in the context of CPS and discuss the challenges and potential approaches to defend against these attacks.
Many modern and emerging applications must process huge amounts of data.
Unfortunately, prevalent computer architectures are based on the von Neumann design, where processing units and memory units are located apart, which make them highly inefficient for large-scale data intensive tasks.
The performance and energy costs when executing this type of applications are dominated by the movement of data between memory units and processing units. This is known as the von Neumann bottleneck.
Processing-in-Memory (PIM) is a computing paradigm that avoids most of this data movement by putting together, in the same place or near, computation and data.
This talk will give an overview of PIM and will discuss some of the key enabling technologies.
Next I will present some of our research results in that area, specifically in the application areas of genome sequence alignment and time series analysis.
Extreme programming (xp) | David TzemachDavid Tzemach
It’s simply the best presentation that explains the agile methodology of Extreme Programming!
Overview
1. What is Extreme programming?
2. Extreme programming as an agile methodology.
3. The values of Extreme programming
4. The Activities of Extreme programming
5. The 12 core practices of Extreme programming
6. The roles of Extreme programming
Enjoy :)
Please contact me to download this pres.A comprehensive presentation on the field of Parallel Computing.It's applications are only growing exponentially day by days.A useful seminar covering basics,its classification and implementation thoroughly.
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This session discusses a basic high-level introduction to concurrency programming with Java which include:
programming basics, OOP concepts, concurrency, concurrent programming, parallel computing, concurrent vs parallel, why concurrency, real world example, terms, Moore's Law, Amdahl's Law, types of parallel computation, MIMD Variants, shared memory model, distributed memory model, client server model, scoop mechanism, scoop preview - a sequential program, in a concurrent setting - using scoop, programming then & now, sequential programming, concurrent programming,
For over 40 years, virtually all computers have followed a common machine model known as the von Neumann computer. Name after the Hungarian mathématicien John von Neumann.
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1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
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Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
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- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
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GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
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3. Introduction:
• Von-Neumann Architecture
Since then, virtually all computers
have followed this basic design, which
Comprised of four main components:
– Memory
– Control Unit
– Arithmetic Logic Unit
– Input/output
4. Introduction
Serial Computational :-
• Traditionally,
software has been written for serial computation: To be run on
a single computer having a single Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Problem is broken into discrete SERIES of instructions.
• Instructions are EXECUTED one after another.
• One instruction may execute at any moment in TIME
7. Definition:
• parallel computing: is the simultaneous use of
multiple compute resources to solve a computational
problem To be run using multiple CPUs.
In which:-
- A problem is broken into discrete parts that can be
solved concurrently
- Each part is further broken down to a series of
instructions
- Instructions from each part execute simultaneously
on different CPUs
9. Concepts and Terminology:
General Terminology
• Task – A logically discrete section of
computational work
• Parallel Task – Task that can be executed
by multiple processors safely
• Communications – Data exchange
between parallel tasks
• Synchronization – The coordination of
parallel tasks in real time
11. How To Distinguishing Parallel
processors:
– Resource Allocation:
• how large a collection?
• how powerful are the elements?
• how much memory?
– Data access, Communication and Synchronization
• how do the elements cooperate and communicate?
• how are data transmitted between processors?
• what are the abstractions and primitives for cooperation?
– Performance and Scalability
• how does it all translate into performance?
• how does it scale?
12. Multiprocessor Architecture
Classification :
• Distinguishes multi-processor architecture by instruction and
data:-
• SISD – Single Instruction, Single Data
• SIMD – Single Instruction, Multiple Data
• MISD – Multiple Instruction, Single Data
• MIMD – Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data
13. Flynn’s Classical Taxonomy:
SISD
• Serial
• Only one instruction
and data stream is
acted on during any
one clock cycle
14. Flynn’s Classical Taxonomy:
SIMD
• All processing units
execute the same
instruction at any
given clock cycle.
• Each processing unit
operates on a
different data
element.
15. Flynn’s Classical Taxonomy:
MISD
• Different instructions
operated on a single
data element.
• Very few practical uses
for this type of
classification.
• Example: Multiple
cryptography algorithms
attempting to crack a
single coded message.
16. Flynn’s Classical Taxonomy:
MIMD
• Can execute different
instructions on
different data
elements.
• Most common type of
parallel computer.
17. Parallel Computer Memory Architectures:
Shared Memory Architecture
• All processors access
all memory as a
single global address
space.
• Data sharing is fast.
• Lack of scalability
between memory and
CPUs
18. Parallel Computer Memory Architectures:
Distributed Memory
• Each processor has
its own memory.
• Is scalable, no
overhead for cache
coherency.
• Programmer is
responsible for many
details of
communication
between processors.
20. Parallel Programming Models
• Exist as an abstraction above hardware and
memory architectures
• Examples:
– Shared Memory
– Threads
– Messaging Passing
– Data Parallel
21. Parallel Programming Models:
Shared Memory Model
• Appears to the user as a single shared memory,
despite hardware implementations
• Locks and semaphores may be used to control
shared memory access.
• Program development can be simplified since there
is no need to explicitly specify communication
between tasks.
22. Parallel Programming Models:
Threads Model
• A single process may have
multiple, concurrent
execution paths.
• Typically used with a shared
memory architecture.
• Programmer is responsible
for determining all
parallelism.
23. Parallel Programming Models:
Message Passing Model
• Tasks exchange data by sending
and receiving messages. Typically
used with distributed memory
architectures.
• Data transfer requires cooperative
operations to be performed by each
process. Ex.- a send operation
must have a receive operation.
• MPI (Message Passing Interface) is
the interface standard for message
passing.
24. Parallel Programming Models:
Data Parallel Model
• Tasks performing the
same operations on a set
of data. Each task
working on a separate
piece of the set.
• Works well with either
shared memory or
distributed memory
architectures.
25. Designing Parallel Programs:
Automatic Parallelization
• Automatic
– Compiler analyzes code and identifies
opportunities for parallelism
– Analysis includes attempting to compute
whether or not the parallelism actually
improves performance.
– Loops are the most frequent target for
automatic parallelism.
26. Designing Parallel Programs:
Manual Parallelization
• Understand the problem
– A Parallelizable Problem:
• Calculate the potential energy for each of several
thousand independent conformations of a
molecule. When done find the minimum energy
conformation.
– A Non-Parallelizable Problem:
• The Fibonacci Series
– All calculations are dependent
29. Conclusion
• Parallel computing is fast.
• There are many different approaches and
models of parallel computing.
• Parallel computing is the future of
computing.
30. References
• A Library of Parallel Algorithms, www-
2.cs.cmu.edu/~scandal/nesl/algorithms.html
• Internet Parallel Computing Archive, wotug.ukc.ac.uk/parallel
• Introduction to Parallel Computing,
www.llnl.gov/computing/tutorials/parallel_comp/#Whatis
• Parallel Programming in C with MPI and OpenMP, Michael J. Quinn,
McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2003
• The New Turing Omnibus, A. K. Dewdney, Henry Holt and
Company, 1993
31. Case Study
Developing Parallel Applications
On the Web
using
Java mobile agents and Java threads
32. My References :
• Parallel Computing Using JAVA Mobile
Agents
By: Panayiotou Christoforos, George Samaras ,Evaggelia
Pitoura, Paraskevas Evripidou
• An Environment for Parallel Computing
on Internet Using JAVA
By:P C Saxena, S Singh, K S Kahlon