CPR in pediatric practice - Dr.M.SucindarSucindar M
This document discusses pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). It notes that CPR, especially when performed within the first few minutes of cardiac arrest, can double or triple a person's chance of survival. The leading causes of death in infants are congenital malformations, complications of prematurity, SIDS, and injury, while in children they are congenital malformations, complications of prematurity, and injury. Pediatric CPR follows the PBLS (Pediatric Basic Life Support) and PALS (Pediatric Advanced Life Support) protocols. The pediatric chain of survival includes prevention, early CPR, emergency response, advanced life support, and post-resuscitation care. The document then outlines the specific
This document summarizes pediatric basic and advanced life support. It outlines 5 key steps for pediatric basic life support: 1) prevent cardiac arrest, 2) early CPR, 3) prompt emergency response, 4) rapid pediatric advanced life support, and 5) integrated post-cardiac arrest care. Common causes of cardiac arrest in children include respiratory issues, burns, drowning, dysrhythmias, foreign body aspiration, gastroenteritis, sepsis, seizures, and trauma. The document also provides details on assessments, CPR techniques, airway management, defibrillation, and medications for cardiac arrest, bradycardia, and tachycardia in pediatric patients.
The document outlines the European Resuscitation Council's guidelines for resuscitation in 2021. It discusses the differences between trauma and non-trauma life support, and describes the various types of life support including basic, neonatal, and advanced. It provides guidance on classifying age groups for pediatric advanced life support and outlines the CAB (circulation, airway, breathing) approach. Steps are presented for evaluating an unresponsive victim, opening the airway, providing rescue breaths, determining if chest compressions are needed, performing compressions, and re-evaluating the victim.
This document discusses recent changes to pediatric CPR guidelines. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) involves artificial ventilation and circulation for a patient not breathing and without a pulse. For infants and children, compressions involve either two fingers or encircling hands on the chest at a depth of 1/3 the chest diameter at a rate of 100-120 per minute. High quality CPR means starting compressions within 10 seconds without interruptions and effective breaths. Defibrillation uses either manual or automated external defibrillators, with smaller paddles for infants. The key takeaways are that pediatric CPR techniques differ from adults, compressions should not be delayed, high quality compressions are essential, and C
This document provides guidance on pediatric advanced life support (PALS). It discusses respiratory and circulatory failure, which often lead to cardiac arrest in children. Asphyxial cardiac arrest caused by lack of oxygen is more common than primary cardiac issues. Shock is also a common precursor and progresses from compensated to decompensated states. Foreign body airway obstruction, drowning, and hypothermia/hyperthermia are covered. The document provides detailed guidance on airway management, ventilation, vascular access, defibrillation, and the management of arrhythmias like tachycardia and bradycardia in a pediatric setting.
Basic life support,Cardi0-pulmonary resuscitationPinky Rathee
It refers to the care provided by healthcare providers and public safety professionals to patients who are experiencing respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest or airway obstruction.
BLS includes psychomotor skills for performing high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), using an automated external defibrillator (AED) and relieving an obstructed airway for patients of all ages.
CPR in pediatric practice - Dr.M.SucindarSucindar M
This document discusses pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). It notes that CPR, especially when performed within the first few minutes of cardiac arrest, can double or triple a person's chance of survival. The leading causes of death in infants are congenital malformations, complications of prematurity, SIDS, and injury, while in children they are congenital malformations, complications of prematurity, and injury. Pediatric CPR follows the PBLS (Pediatric Basic Life Support) and PALS (Pediatric Advanced Life Support) protocols. The pediatric chain of survival includes prevention, early CPR, emergency response, advanced life support, and post-resuscitation care. The document then outlines the specific
This document summarizes pediatric basic and advanced life support. It outlines 5 key steps for pediatric basic life support: 1) prevent cardiac arrest, 2) early CPR, 3) prompt emergency response, 4) rapid pediatric advanced life support, and 5) integrated post-cardiac arrest care. Common causes of cardiac arrest in children include respiratory issues, burns, drowning, dysrhythmias, foreign body aspiration, gastroenteritis, sepsis, seizures, and trauma. The document also provides details on assessments, CPR techniques, airway management, defibrillation, and medications for cardiac arrest, bradycardia, and tachycardia in pediatric patients.
The document outlines the European Resuscitation Council's guidelines for resuscitation in 2021. It discusses the differences between trauma and non-trauma life support, and describes the various types of life support including basic, neonatal, and advanced. It provides guidance on classifying age groups for pediatric advanced life support and outlines the CAB (circulation, airway, breathing) approach. Steps are presented for evaluating an unresponsive victim, opening the airway, providing rescue breaths, determining if chest compressions are needed, performing compressions, and re-evaluating the victim.
This document discusses recent changes to pediatric CPR guidelines. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) involves artificial ventilation and circulation for a patient not breathing and without a pulse. For infants and children, compressions involve either two fingers or encircling hands on the chest at a depth of 1/3 the chest diameter at a rate of 100-120 per minute. High quality CPR means starting compressions within 10 seconds without interruptions and effective breaths. Defibrillation uses either manual or automated external defibrillators, with smaller paddles for infants. The key takeaways are that pediatric CPR techniques differ from adults, compressions should not be delayed, high quality compressions are essential, and C
This document provides guidance on pediatric advanced life support (PALS). It discusses respiratory and circulatory failure, which often lead to cardiac arrest in children. Asphyxial cardiac arrest caused by lack of oxygen is more common than primary cardiac issues. Shock is also a common precursor and progresses from compensated to decompensated states. Foreign body airway obstruction, drowning, and hypothermia/hyperthermia are covered. The document provides detailed guidance on airway management, ventilation, vascular access, defibrillation, and the management of arrhythmias like tachycardia and bradycardia in a pediatric setting.
Basic life support,Cardi0-pulmonary resuscitationPinky Rathee
It refers to the care provided by healthcare providers and public safety professionals to patients who are experiencing respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest or airway obstruction.
BLS includes psychomotor skills for performing high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), using an automated external defibrillator (AED) and relieving an obstructed airway for patients of all ages.
This document provides guidelines for paediatric basic life support. It outlines the key differences in caring for children compared to adults in emergency situations. The guidelines cover safety, response, calling for help, chest compressions, airway management, rescue breathing, and use of an automated external defibrillator. Emphasis is placed on high quality chest compressions and minimizing interruptions to compressions.
Paediatric basic life support (PBLS) involves resuscitation procedures to prevent anoxic brain damage and promote circulation and breathing in children. The key steps of PBLS are CAB - checking for circulation (C) by feeling for a pulse, opening the airway (A), and giving rescue breaths (B). For infants and children in cardiac arrest, high-quality chest compressions at least 100/min that depress the sternum 1/3 its depth are critical, along with proper head positioning and rescue breathing. PBLS should continue for 2 minutes in cycles of 30 compressions to 2 breaths before emergency help arrives or switching rescuers.
This document provides guidelines for performing basic life support (BLS) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). It outlines the steps of CPR including chest compressions, rescue breathing, and the importance of early defibrillation. It emphasizes high-quality chest compressions of adequate rate and depth, with full chest recoil between compressions. The document also notes safety precautions for CPR training and differences in performing CPR on infants versus adults.
A presentation used to train medical professionals to perform BLS in emergency condition. it will provide a better understanding about the steps of BLS and the order in which it should be perfomed.
This document provides guidelines for pediatric advanced life support (PALS). It outlines the systematic approach algorithm which begins with checking responsiveness, calling for help, and checking for a pulse. The BLS assessment evaluates consciousness, breathing, and skin color to determine if the child is unresponsive with no breathing. For infants and children under 8, CPR should be provided first before calling for help, while those over 8 receive phone assistance first before CPR. The guidelines describe performing CPR, providing oxygen, inserting airways, monitoring the child, establishing IV/IO access, administering adrenaline, and considering reversible causes and an advanced airway. The primary and secondary assessment evaluates the child's airway, breathing, circulation, and
This document provides information about basic life support (BLS). It discusses the goals of BLS as early access to care, early CPR, early defibrillation, and early advanced cardiac life support in order to preserve brain viability. BLS generally does not include drugs or invasive skills and is contrasted with advanced cardiac life support. The document then outlines the BLS procedure, which consists of checking for response, calling for help, opening the airway, checking for breathing, and performing chest compressions if there is no pulse. It emphasizes the importance of early defibrillation and continuing CPR until more advanced support arrives.
Basic life support (BLS) refers to emergency care provided to patients experiencing cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, or airway obstruction. It includes chest compressions, use of an automated external defibrillator, and relieving airway obstructions. The chain of survival emphasizes early CPR, early defibrillation, early advanced life support, and post-cardiac arrest care to maximize patient survival. BLS procedures include assessing the patient for responsiveness, activating emergency services, performing high-quality chest compressions, opening the airway, and providing rescue breaths. Defibrillation is key for shockable cardiac rhythms like ventricular fibrillation. BLS aims to provide oxygenated blood flow to vital organs until further medical help
This document outlines the basic steps of life support (BLS) and how to use an automated external defibrillator (AED). It describes the chain of survival and 5 steps of BLS: 1) ensure scene safety, 2) activate emergency services, 3) check pulse, 4) begin chest compressions, and 5) open the airway. It provides details on giving chest compressions and rescue breaths during CPR. It also lists the steps to use an AED, which include turning it on, attaching pads, clearing the victim before shock, and resuming CPR.
CPR – or Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation – is an emergency lifesaving procedure performed when the heart stops beating. Immediate CPR can double or triple chances of survival after cardiac arrest.
This document provides information on basic airway management. It discusses airway obstruction as a medical emergency that can be caused by various factors. Methods for recognizing airway obstruction include identifying inspiratory stridor, expiratory wheeze, or paradoxical chest movement. Airway obstruction can be managed with simple techniques like suctioning secretions, head tilt-chin lift maneuver, or inserting an oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway. Oxygen therapy with a non-rebreathing mask at a 10-15 L/min flow rate can also help treat patients with airway obstruction who are still breathing.
Bag and mask ventilation is a basic airway management technique used to oxygenate and ventilate patients until a more definitive airway can be established. It involves manually squeezing an ambu bag attached to a face mask to deliver breaths. Key aspects of bag and mask ventilation include maintaining a proper seal and head position, delivering appropriate volume and rate of breaths, and assessing ventilation effectiveness through chest rise and oxygen saturation. While bag and mask is preferred for prehospital airway support in pediatrics, it has limitations and risks if ventilation is inadequate or contraindications like upper airway obstruction are present.
This document discusses neonatal resuscitation and the physiologic changes that occur at birth. It covers topics like fetal circulation, oxygenation, the transition at delivery, signs of a compromised newborn, resuscitative steps including providing warmth, clearing the airway, stimulation and ventilation. Positive pressure ventilation techniques like bag-mask ventilation are described. The importance of anticipating resuscitation needs, preparing appropriately, and understanding the heart rate response to determine next steps is emphasized. Maintaining normal body temperature and oxygen saturation targets are also addressed.
1) Basic life support (BLS) involves preserving life, preventing worsening of conditions, and promoting recovery through initial interventions like CPR and clearing airways.
2) BLS is required for unresponsive patients or those with inadequate breathing and circulation. It includes chest compressions, airway management, and breathing assistance.
3) The steps of BLS are: ensuring scene safety, checking response, shouting for help, activating emergency services, starting CPR with chest compressions and airway management and breathing assistance, and placing in the recovery position.
This document provides guidelines and information about basic life support (BLS) in Pahang, Malaysia. It discusses the history and evolution of CPR, challenges in performing high-quality CPR, and guidelines for performing CPR on adults, children, and infants. Key points covered include the importance of chest compressions, minimizing interruptions, compression-ventilation ratios for different age groups, foreign body airway obstruction treatment, and use of automated external defibrillators. The document is intended as a reference for emergency physicians and medical professionals in Pahang involved in BLS training and treatment.
Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) refers to interventions for urgent treatment of cardiac arrest and other life-threatening emergencies, as well as the knowledge and skills to deploy those interventions. ACLS protocols from the American Heart Association are considered the gold standard and get reviewed every 5 years. BLS with high-quality CPR forms the critical foundation for ACLS. For shockable rhythms like ventricular fibrillation, the ACLS treatment involves defibrillation, CPR, and administration of drugs like epinephrine and amiodarone. For non-shockable rhythms like asystole, ACLS focuses on identifying and treating reversible causes through CPR and medications while preparing for transport to a hospital.
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION- BLS & ACLS-2020 AHA UPDATEAryaDasmahapatra
This document provides information about cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the basic life support (BLS) and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) protocols. It begins with definitions of CPR and its purposes to support life through circulation and prevent brain damage from lack of oxygen. The history of developments in CPR techniques from chest compressions to defibrillation are outlined. Adult and pediatric BLS protocols are described, including assessing responsiveness, calling for help, performing high-quality chest compressions, opening the airway, rescue breathing, and using an automated external defibrillator. Differences in CPR for adults, children and infants are also summarized.
This document provides information on basic life support (BLS) procedures for adults. It discusses that cardiac arrests are a major health issue, but that bystander CPR and early defibrillation can significantly increase survival rates. The key steps of BLS are described as CAB: assessing the airway, checking breathing, and performing chest compressions. 30 chest compressions should be provided initially before giving 2 rescue breaths. Foreign body airway obstruction is also addressed, with descriptions of back blows and abdominal thrusts to relieve mild to severe obstructions. Defibrillation is the final link in the chain of survival.
This document provides information about choking, including how to prevent it, recognize the signs of choking, and how to perform the Heimlich maneuver. Choking is a life-threatening emergency, as someone can die within 4 minutes from suffocation. The Heimlich maneuver is an abdominal thrust performed by standing behind a conscious choking victim, wrapping your arms around their waist, making a fist above their navel, and thrusting upwards 5 times to dislodge any blockages in the airway. It is important to learn first aid for choking victims of different ages and states of consciousness.
Manual respiratory bypass (MRB), also known as a bag valve mask (BVM), is a hand-held device used to provide ventilation to patients who are not breathing adequately. It consists of an ambu bag, valve, and face mask. The ambu bag was developed in the 1950s and works by using a one-way valve to direct gas from the bag into the patient's lungs when compressed. MRB is commonly used in emergency situations until a patient can breathe on their own or more advanced care is available. It provides oxygenation and ventilation by sealing the face mask and squeezing the ambu bag to inflate the lungs.
This document provides information about pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). It discusses why CPR is important for children, describing basic life support techniques including airway management, breathing, and circulation. It outlines pediatric CPR procedures such as chest compressions for infants and children. The document also reviews potential complications of CPR and important post-resuscitation care activities like monitoring and nursing interventions to address risks such as altered respiratory patterns or fluid imbalances. Family presence during resuscitation is also addressed.
This document provides guidelines for paediatric basic life support. It outlines the key differences in caring for children compared to adults in emergency situations. The guidelines cover safety, response, calling for help, chest compressions, airway management, rescue breathing, and use of an automated external defibrillator. Emphasis is placed on high quality chest compressions and minimizing interruptions to compressions.
Paediatric basic life support (PBLS) involves resuscitation procedures to prevent anoxic brain damage and promote circulation and breathing in children. The key steps of PBLS are CAB - checking for circulation (C) by feeling for a pulse, opening the airway (A), and giving rescue breaths (B). For infants and children in cardiac arrest, high-quality chest compressions at least 100/min that depress the sternum 1/3 its depth are critical, along with proper head positioning and rescue breathing. PBLS should continue for 2 minutes in cycles of 30 compressions to 2 breaths before emergency help arrives or switching rescuers.
This document provides guidelines for performing basic life support (BLS) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). It outlines the steps of CPR including chest compressions, rescue breathing, and the importance of early defibrillation. It emphasizes high-quality chest compressions of adequate rate and depth, with full chest recoil between compressions. The document also notes safety precautions for CPR training and differences in performing CPR on infants versus adults.
A presentation used to train medical professionals to perform BLS in emergency condition. it will provide a better understanding about the steps of BLS and the order in which it should be perfomed.
This document provides guidelines for pediatric advanced life support (PALS). It outlines the systematic approach algorithm which begins with checking responsiveness, calling for help, and checking for a pulse. The BLS assessment evaluates consciousness, breathing, and skin color to determine if the child is unresponsive with no breathing. For infants and children under 8, CPR should be provided first before calling for help, while those over 8 receive phone assistance first before CPR. The guidelines describe performing CPR, providing oxygen, inserting airways, monitoring the child, establishing IV/IO access, administering adrenaline, and considering reversible causes and an advanced airway. The primary and secondary assessment evaluates the child's airway, breathing, circulation, and
This document provides information about basic life support (BLS). It discusses the goals of BLS as early access to care, early CPR, early defibrillation, and early advanced cardiac life support in order to preserve brain viability. BLS generally does not include drugs or invasive skills and is contrasted with advanced cardiac life support. The document then outlines the BLS procedure, which consists of checking for response, calling for help, opening the airway, checking for breathing, and performing chest compressions if there is no pulse. It emphasizes the importance of early defibrillation and continuing CPR until more advanced support arrives.
Basic life support (BLS) refers to emergency care provided to patients experiencing cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, or airway obstruction. It includes chest compressions, use of an automated external defibrillator, and relieving airway obstructions. The chain of survival emphasizes early CPR, early defibrillation, early advanced life support, and post-cardiac arrest care to maximize patient survival. BLS procedures include assessing the patient for responsiveness, activating emergency services, performing high-quality chest compressions, opening the airway, and providing rescue breaths. Defibrillation is key for shockable cardiac rhythms like ventricular fibrillation. BLS aims to provide oxygenated blood flow to vital organs until further medical help
This document outlines the basic steps of life support (BLS) and how to use an automated external defibrillator (AED). It describes the chain of survival and 5 steps of BLS: 1) ensure scene safety, 2) activate emergency services, 3) check pulse, 4) begin chest compressions, and 5) open the airway. It provides details on giving chest compressions and rescue breaths during CPR. It also lists the steps to use an AED, which include turning it on, attaching pads, clearing the victim before shock, and resuming CPR.
CPR – or Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation – is an emergency lifesaving procedure performed when the heart stops beating. Immediate CPR can double or triple chances of survival after cardiac arrest.
This document provides information on basic airway management. It discusses airway obstruction as a medical emergency that can be caused by various factors. Methods for recognizing airway obstruction include identifying inspiratory stridor, expiratory wheeze, or paradoxical chest movement. Airway obstruction can be managed with simple techniques like suctioning secretions, head tilt-chin lift maneuver, or inserting an oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway. Oxygen therapy with a non-rebreathing mask at a 10-15 L/min flow rate can also help treat patients with airway obstruction who are still breathing.
Bag and mask ventilation is a basic airway management technique used to oxygenate and ventilate patients until a more definitive airway can be established. It involves manually squeezing an ambu bag attached to a face mask to deliver breaths. Key aspects of bag and mask ventilation include maintaining a proper seal and head position, delivering appropriate volume and rate of breaths, and assessing ventilation effectiveness through chest rise and oxygen saturation. While bag and mask is preferred for prehospital airway support in pediatrics, it has limitations and risks if ventilation is inadequate or contraindications like upper airway obstruction are present.
This document discusses neonatal resuscitation and the physiologic changes that occur at birth. It covers topics like fetal circulation, oxygenation, the transition at delivery, signs of a compromised newborn, resuscitative steps including providing warmth, clearing the airway, stimulation and ventilation. Positive pressure ventilation techniques like bag-mask ventilation are described. The importance of anticipating resuscitation needs, preparing appropriately, and understanding the heart rate response to determine next steps is emphasized. Maintaining normal body temperature and oxygen saturation targets are also addressed.
1) Basic life support (BLS) involves preserving life, preventing worsening of conditions, and promoting recovery through initial interventions like CPR and clearing airways.
2) BLS is required for unresponsive patients or those with inadequate breathing and circulation. It includes chest compressions, airway management, and breathing assistance.
3) The steps of BLS are: ensuring scene safety, checking response, shouting for help, activating emergency services, starting CPR with chest compressions and airway management and breathing assistance, and placing in the recovery position.
This document provides guidelines and information about basic life support (BLS) in Pahang, Malaysia. It discusses the history and evolution of CPR, challenges in performing high-quality CPR, and guidelines for performing CPR on adults, children, and infants. Key points covered include the importance of chest compressions, minimizing interruptions, compression-ventilation ratios for different age groups, foreign body airway obstruction treatment, and use of automated external defibrillators. The document is intended as a reference for emergency physicians and medical professionals in Pahang involved in BLS training and treatment.
Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) refers to interventions for urgent treatment of cardiac arrest and other life-threatening emergencies, as well as the knowledge and skills to deploy those interventions. ACLS protocols from the American Heart Association are considered the gold standard and get reviewed every 5 years. BLS with high-quality CPR forms the critical foundation for ACLS. For shockable rhythms like ventricular fibrillation, the ACLS treatment involves defibrillation, CPR, and administration of drugs like epinephrine and amiodarone. For non-shockable rhythms like asystole, ACLS focuses on identifying and treating reversible causes through CPR and medications while preparing for transport to a hospital.
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION- BLS & ACLS-2020 AHA UPDATEAryaDasmahapatra
This document provides information about cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the basic life support (BLS) and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) protocols. It begins with definitions of CPR and its purposes to support life through circulation and prevent brain damage from lack of oxygen. The history of developments in CPR techniques from chest compressions to defibrillation are outlined. Adult and pediatric BLS protocols are described, including assessing responsiveness, calling for help, performing high-quality chest compressions, opening the airway, rescue breathing, and using an automated external defibrillator. Differences in CPR for adults, children and infants are also summarized.
This document provides information on basic life support (BLS) procedures for adults. It discusses that cardiac arrests are a major health issue, but that bystander CPR and early defibrillation can significantly increase survival rates. The key steps of BLS are described as CAB: assessing the airway, checking breathing, and performing chest compressions. 30 chest compressions should be provided initially before giving 2 rescue breaths. Foreign body airway obstruction is also addressed, with descriptions of back blows and abdominal thrusts to relieve mild to severe obstructions. Defibrillation is the final link in the chain of survival.
This document provides information about choking, including how to prevent it, recognize the signs of choking, and how to perform the Heimlich maneuver. Choking is a life-threatening emergency, as someone can die within 4 minutes from suffocation. The Heimlich maneuver is an abdominal thrust performed by standing behind a conscious choking victim, wrapping your arms around their waist, making a fist above their navel, and thrusting upwards 5 times to dislodge any blockages in the airway. It is important to learn first aid for choking victims of different ages and states of consciousness.
Manual respiratory bypass (MRB), also known as a bag valve mask (BVM), is a hand-held device used to provide ventilation to patients who are not breathing adequately. It consists of an ambu bag, valve, and face mask. The ambu bag was developed in the 1950s and works by using a one-way valve to direct gas from the bag into the patient's lungs when compressed. MRB is commonly used in emergency situations until a patient can breathe on their own or more advanced care is available. It provides oxygenation and ventilation by sealing the face mask and squeezing the ambu bag to inflate the lungs.
This document provides information about pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). It discusses why CPR is important for children, describing basic life support techniques including airway management, breathing, and circulation. It outlines pediatric CPR procedures such as chest compressions for infants and children. The document also reviews potential complications of CPR and important post-resuscitation care activities like monitoring and nursing interventions to address risks such as altered respiratory patterns or fluid imbalances. Family presence during resuscitation is also addressed.
The major changes to BLS guidelines in 2005 included emphasizing effective chest compressions, adopting a universal compression-to-ventilation ratio of 30:2 for single rescuers, recommending 1-second rescue breaths, delivering 1 shock followed by immediate CPR when attempting defibrillation, and recommending AED use for children 1 year and older. Key focuses were on minimizing interruptions in chest compressions to maximize blood flow to vital organs during CPR.
CPR should always be started before defibrillation. CPR involves establishing artificial ventilation and circulation through chest compressions for a patient who is unresponsive, not breathing or without a pulse. The key steps of CPR are to check for response, check breathing, call for help, check the pulse, and begin chest compressions. High quality CPR with minimal interruptions and effective ventilations is important. Defibrillation may be needed but should not delay beginning CPR, as the priority is continuous chest compressions to circulate oxygenated blood to the brain and heart.
This document provides information about basic life support and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. It discusses the CAB sequence of airway, breathing, and circulation. Chest compressions and rescue breathing are described as being performed immediately on an unresponsive person. The principles of CPR are to save the patient's life and restore effective circulation and ventilation. Indications for CPR include cardiac and pulmonary disorders. Steps for CPR involve assessing responsiveness, opening the airway, checking breathing, and performing chest compressions and rescue breaths. Defibrillation using an AED may also be needed. Complications of CPR can include rib fractures and organ injury.
This document provides information on basic life support (BLS) for adults and pediatrics. It outlines the steps for adult and pediatric BLS, including assessing responsiveness, calling for help, checking breathing and pulse, performing chest compressions and rescue breathing. It also describes how to perform BLS on adults and children experiencing choking. The key differences between adult and pediatric BLS include compression depth and rate, use of two fingers or encircling technique for infants, and back blows and chest thrusts for choking infants and children over 1 year old.
Basic life support and cardiopulmonary resuscitation are important for survival from cardiac arrest. Bystander CPR can help restart the heart and restore circulation. The key steps of BLS include checking for response, calling for help, checking the pulse, providing chest compressions and rescue breaths in a 30:2 ratio for children or 15:2 for infants, using an AED if available, and activating emergency services. High quality CPR with minimal interruptions and defibrillation when indicated are essential for revival.
1) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should be performed immediately when an individual is unresponsive and not breathing or circulating adequately.
2) Brain damage can occur within 3-4 minutes of no circulation, so CPR is crucial to perform as early as possible to increase chances of survival.
3) The basic steps of CPR are to check for responsiveness, open the airway, check for breathing, and if needed perform rescue breathing and chest compressions in a 15:2 ratio at 100-120 compressions per minute until emergency help arrives.
1. The document provides guidelines for performing pediatric CPR for infants, including the steps for 1-rescuer and 2-rescuer infant CPR.
2. It also outlines the steps for performing CPR on children and infants, including giving 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths in a ratio of 30:2.
3. The document describes when to use an AED during CPR and provides brief descriptions of drugs that may be used during resuscitation attempts.
The document provides information on basic life support (BLS) training. It begins with an introduction stating that BLS skills are vital for healthcare providers to learn and re-learn. The document then defines BLS and its key components, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), maintaining an open airway, and chest compressions. It provides guidance on performing CPR for adults, children, and infants. The document emphasizes the importance of early recognition of emergencies and prompt treatment, as well as following the proper techniques and timing for chest compressions. It concludes by noting some key points to remember when performing BLS, such as positioning oneself at the victim's side and avoiding obstructing the airway during
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT- BLS (CPR) -American Heart AssociationTheRoyAshish
This document provides information on basic life support from the American Heart Association. It discusses the chain of survival, recognition of cardiac arrest, stroke and foreign body airway obstruction. It then details procedures for adult and pediatric CPR, including airway management, rescue breathing, chest compressions and use of an AED. Key steps are outlined for assessing responsiveness, providing breaths, checking pulse and administering chest compressions and rescue breaths in a cyclic fashion for adults and children.
This document outlines the key steps in neonatal resuscitation for newborns requiring assistance to begin breathing or transition to life outside the womb. It discusses factors that may increase the need for resuscitation, important equipment, assessing the newborn using the APGAR score, and the steps of providing warmth, clearing the airway, breathing support, and circulation support like chest compressions and medications if needed. Effective resuscitation in the critical first minute after birth can prevent many newborn deaths from asphyxia globally each year.
This document outlines the key steps in neonatal resuscitation for newborns requiring assistance to begin breathing or transition to life outside the womb. It discusses factors that may increase the need for resuscitation, important equipment, assessing the newborn using the APGAR score, and the steps of providing warmth, clearing the airway, breathing support, and circulation support like chest compressions or medications if needed. Effective resuscitation in the critical first minute after birth can prevent many newborn deaths from asphyxia globally each year.
- The document discusses guidelines for pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
- The 2010 guidelines recommend starting CPR with chest compressions before ventilations (CAB sequence) rather than the previous airway and breathing first (ABC sequence), in order to minimize delays in circulation.
- For lay rescuers, the guidelines outline a sequence of safety, response checking, chest compressions, airway opening and breathing to perform CPR on an unresponsive child not breathing normally.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) involves restoring blood circulation and breathing in a person whose heart and breathing have stopped. It consists of chest compressions, opening the airway, and rescue breathing. The goals of CPR are to maintain blood circulation and oxygenation to the brain and heart until further medical treatment can restore normal heart function and breathing. It should be started immediately by anyone trained in CPR to maximize chances of survival, with an emphasis on uninterrupted chest compressions, until advanced medical help arrives.
1. Basic life support for infants and children involves prompt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), including chest compressions and breaths, which can significantly increase survival rates if provided before full cardiac arrest develops.
2. For infants, high-quality CPR involves two-finger chest compressions at a rate of 100 compressions per minute, with a compression depth of at least 1.5 inches, as well as breaths through a properly fitted face mask.
3. For older children, chest compressions are performed with one or two hands, depending on the number of rescuers, at a rate of 100 compressions per minute and a depth of at least 2 inches, along with breaths delivered through
Basic Life Support (BLS) involves initiating the Chain of Survival and performing high-quality chest compressions and rescue breathing. For adults, 30 chest compressions are followed by 2 rescue breaths. For infants, back blows and chest thrusts are used instead of abdominal thrusts. BLS can help circulate oxygen to vital organs until advanced medical help arrives. Proper CPR technique is essential to effectively treat cardiac arrest and respiratory emergencies.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique used when someone's breathing or heartbeat has stopped. It involves hard and fast chest compressions combined with rescue breaths. The guidelines recommend compressing the chest at least 100 times per minute and giving 2 breaths after every 30 compressions. CPR is used for cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, drowning, stroke and other emergencies. It is important to call for emergency help, retrieve an AED if available, check for a pulse, and begin cycles of chest compressions and breaths according to age-specific guidelines until emergency services arrive.
Cardiac arrest occurs when circulation ceases and vital organs are deprived of oxygen. It can be caused by cardiovascular collapse, ventricular fibrillation, or cardiac standstill. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is performed by providing chest compressions combined with rescue breathing to manually circulate blood to vital organs until spontaneous circulation returns. CPR techniques vary slightly between adults, children, and infants in terms of compression depth, rate, and areas of compression on the chest. CPR should be initiated unless specific exclusion criteria are met and continued until spontaneous circulation returns, medical responders take over, the rescuer is exhausted, or a physician declares death.
Similar to Paediatric bls and choking algorithm (20)
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MYASTHENIA GRAVIS POWER POINT PRESENTATIONblessyjannu21
Myasthenia gravis is a neurological disease. It affects the grave muscles in our body. Myasthenia gravis affects how the nerves communicate with the muscles. Drooping eyelids and/or double vision are often the first noticeable sign. It is involving the muscles controlling the eyes movement, facial expression, chewing and swallowing. It also effects the muscles neck and lip movement and respiration.
It is a neuromuscular disease characterized by abnormal weakness of voluntary muscles that improved with rest and the administration of anti-cholinesterase drugs.
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2. ABC OR CAB?
2010 AHA for CPR recommend a CAB sequence
Chest compression
Airway
Breathing
Ventilation
Critical thinking: WHY?
3. CAB GUIDELINES
How do we classify age groups according to PALS ?
• Infant BSL guidelines apply to infants < approximately one year of age.
• Child BSL guidelines apply to children > 1 year until puberty (breast development in
girls and axillary hair in males)
• Adult BSL for puberty and above.
4. CHEST COMPRESSION
Compression Ventilation Ratio:
15:2
30:2
When would you use which ratio?
Rate of 100 compression per minute
Push hard: sufficient force to depress at least one third the anterior-
posterior diameter of the chest.
1 ½ inches in infants (4 cm)
2 inches in children (5 cm)
Allow chest recoil after each compression to allow the heart to refill with
blood
(NB Hands off time)
5. CHEST COMPRESSION
Compression Technique
Children:
One or two hands may be used , as long as compressions is done effectively.
Infant:
2 fingers in the centre of the infants chest or Two Thumb encircling technique.
(Which of the above to you think is preferred? )
6. VENTILATION / COMPRESSION
One rescuer: 30 :2
Two rescuer: 15:2
After initial 30 compression, open airway using a head tilt-chin lift and
give 2 breaths.
Note: if you use mouth to mouth, pinch off the nose.
Continue for approximately 2 minutes (about 5 cycles) before calling for
ERS and AED.
(Do you agree with the above statement)
7. CABS SEQUENCE
Assess need for CPR
If health care provider take 10 seconds to check for pulse (No Longer)
Brachial in infant:
Carotid or femoral in a child:
“ARE YOU OKAY?”
8. INADEQUATE BREATHING WITH
PULSE
If pulse > 60 per minutes but there is inadequate breathing give rescue
breathing at a rate of about 12 to 20 breathes per minute.
Reassess pulse about every 2 minutes
Carotid or femoral for child
Brachial for infant
9. UNRESPONSIVE AND NOT
BREATHING
If the child is unresponsive and not breathing (or only gasping) begin
CPR.
Start with high-quality chest compression. (30 chest compressions or
15 chest Compressions)
After one cycle 2 minutes check for pulses/re-asses
SEE PBLS ALGORITHM ON NEXT SLIDE
11. BRADYCARDIA WITH POOR PERFUSION
If pulse is less than 60 per minutes and
there are signs of poor perfusion
Pallor
Mottling
Cyanosis
despite support of oxygenation and ventilation – start CHEST
COMPRESSION
12. DEFIBRILLATION
“Children with sudden witnessed collapse (eg, a child collapsing during
an athletic event) are likely to VF or pulseless VT and need
immediate CPR and rapid defibrillation. “CPR and rapid defibrillation. “
VF and pulseless VT are referred to as “shockable rhythms” because
they respond to electric shocks.
VT – ventricular tachycardia
VF – ventricular fibrillation
13. VT – VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA
VT may be pulseless or with a pulse? (Difference in management?)
14. VF – VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION
Coarse vs Fine (Be carefull fine may present similar to assytole)
15. DEFIBRILLATION DOSING
The recommended first energy dose for defibrillation is 2 J/kg.
If second dose is required, it should be doubled to 4 J/kg.
AED with pediatric attenuator is preferred for children < 8 years of age.
WEIGHT = (AGE * 2 ) + 8
16. DEFIBRILLATION SEQUENCE
Turn AED on
Follow the AED prompts
End CPR cycle (for analysis and shock)
Resume chest compressions immediately after the shock.
Minimize interruptions in chest compressions.
State CLEAR when giving the shock and have visual / verbal
communication with any other rescue personal
17. ASPHYXIAL CARDIAC ARREST
Cardiac arrest caused by asphyxiation (lack of oxygen in blood)
• Carbon dioxide accumulates in the lungs while oxygen in the lungs is depleted
resulting in cardiac arrest.
• Causes: drowning, choking, airway obstruction, sepsis, shock. (Anything else.)
18. ASPHYXIAL CARDIAC ARREST
Ventilations over Compressions:
“One large pediatric study demonstrated that CPR with chest
compression and mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing is more effective
than compression alone when the arrest was from a noncardiac
etiology.”
“Ventilations are more important during resuscitation from asphysia-
induced arrest, than during resuscitation from VF or pulseless VT.”
19. FOREIGN-BODY AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
Choking and Asphyxiation as a result of it:
90% of childhood deaths from foreign body aspiration occur in children
< 5 years of age; 65% are infants. (Who’s infants according PBLS
guidelines)
Most common causes of foreign-body airway obstruction:
• Balloons
• Small objects (Toys)
• Foods (hot dogs, round candies, nuts and grapes)
20. FBAO WHAT TO DO NEXT?
If FBAO is mild, do not interfere.
Allow the victim to clear the airway by coughing.
If the FBAO is severe (victim unable to make a sound) you must act the
relieve the obstruction.
21. FBAO
If FBAO is mild, do not interfere.
Allow the victim to clear the airway by coughing.
If the FBAO is severe (victim unable to make a sound) you must act the
relieve the obstruction.
• Responsive Pt:
• Ask to cough, and don’t interfere with their own actions to remove object (unless
pt becomes unconscious. )
• Child: If pt unable to help himself assist by doing upwards abdominal thrusts.
• Infant: 5 back slaps, and 5 chest thrusts.
• Unresponsive Pt:
• Being CPR regimen and every two minutes re-asses , see if you cant see FBAO
22. FBAO – UNRESPONSIVE
• Start Chest Compression
• After 30 chest compressions open airway (NB look for object = FBAO)
• If you see a foreign body remove it
• DO NOT perform a blind finger sweep
• Give 2 breaths
• Followed by 30 chest compressions