Basic life support

VIPIN PATIDAR
Tutor/Clinical Instructor,
College of Nursing,
AIIMS Deoghar
Basic Life Support
Wednesday, November 23, 2022 www.vipinpatidar.wordpress.com

Content
 Adult BLS-
 1 rescuer
2 rescuer
 Child BLS
1 rescuer
 2 rescuer
 Infant BLS
 use of AED
 Chocking

DEFINITION
 It can be defined as a technique of basic life support for
oxygenating the brain and heart until appropriate, definitive
medical treatment can restore normal heart and ventricular action.
 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a combination of mouth-
to-mouth resuscitation and chest compressions that delivers
oxygen and artificial blood circulation to a person who is in cardiac
arrest. It can be life-saving first aid.

PURPOSES
 A-B-C
• To maintain an open and clear airway.
• To maintain breathing by external ventilation.
• To maintain blood circulation by external cardiac
massage.
• To save life of the patient.
• To provide basic life support till medical and advance life
support arrives.

INDICATION-
1. Cardiac arrest
• Ventricular fibrillation
• Ventricular tachycardia
• Asystole
• Pulse less electric activity
• Heart failure
• Heart block

INDICATION-
2. Respiratory arrest
• Coma
• airway obstruction by foreign body in
throat
• Drowning
• Smoke inhalation
• Drug overdose
• Accidents

INDICATION-
3. Electric Shock 4. Drowning

PRINCIPLES
1. To restore effective circulation and
ventilation.
2. To prevent irreversible cerebral
damage due to anoxia. When the
heart fails to maintain the cerebral
circulation for approximately four
minutes the brain may suffer
irreversible damage.

GENERAL POINTS
CPR techniques are used in persons whose
respirations and circulation of blood have
suddenly and unexpectedly stopped.
There is no need of attempting CPR
techniques in patients in the last stage of an
incurable illness and in persons whose
heartbeat and respiration have been absent for
more than six minutes.

STANDARD
 A universal compression to ventilation ratio of 30:2 is
recommended for adult. and children, infant if only a
single rescuer is present.
 If at least 2 rescuers are present a ratio of 15:2 is
preferred in children and infants.
 In newborns a rate of 3:1 is recommended unless a
cardiac cause is known in which case a 15:2 ratio is
reasonable. If an advanced airway such as an
endotracheal tube or laryngeal mask airway is in placed
delivery of respirations should occur without pauses in
compressions at a rate of 8-10 per minute.

 The recommended order of interventions
is chest compressions, airway, breathing
or CAB in most situations. With a
compression rate of at least 100 per
minute in all groups
 Recommended compression depth in
adults and children is about 5 cm
(2 inches) and in infants it is 4 cm
(1.5 inches).
STANDARD

Adult BLS
safety
responce (shake & Shout)- 5sec
call for help (EMS)
Check breathing- 5 Sec.
Check Major Pulse- <10 sec.

contd...
Start Compression (30)
Airway (Head tilt chin lift)
Breathing (2) (mouth 2 Mouth- 1rescuer
(AMBU bag-2 rescuer)
• 5 cycle has to be complete with rate of 100 compression/min
• than check for major pulse.

Chain of survival
• Immediate recognition and activation of emergency
Response
• early CPR (Chest Compression)
• Rapid Defibrillation
• Post cardiac arrest care

1. Immediate Recognition
Response (if unresponsive, tap or shake his or her shoulder and
ask loudly, "Are you OK?“)
Activate EMS ( tell someone to call “108”)
Position on back
Check major pulse (carotid in adult, Bracheal in infant) and
Breathing (Look, listen and feel for breathing), Not more than 10 sec.

Acc. to 2010 AHA guidelines
ABC CAB
2. Early CPR (Chest Compression)

Chest Compression
 Locate proper hand position for chest
compressions
• Place heel of one hand on center
of chest between the nipple.
 Using both hands, give 30 chest
compressions and Count 1, 2, 3 …
 Depth of compressions: 1 .5 to 2
inches
2. Early CPR

Airway- Open the airway.
– Head tilt chin lift
– Jaw Thrust

Breathing
• If the victim is not breathing, give two
breaths (1 second or longer)
– Pinch the nose
– Seal the mouth with yours.
– or use Ambu bag
• If the first two don’t go in, re-tilt and
give two more breaths (if breaths still
do not go in, suspect choking)

2 rescuer CPR

When Can I Stop CPR?
• Victim revives.
• Trained help arrives.
• Too exhausted to continue.
• Physician directed (do not resuscitate
orders).
• Cardiac arrest of longer than 30 minutes
–(controversial)

Critical concept
• start compression within 10 sec
• push hard push fast- 2 inch depth & 100
compression/min
• allow complete chest recoil
• minimize interruption ( Breathing<10 sec)
• effective breath (look for chest rise)
• Avoid excessive ventillation.

Infant

THANK YOU

Basic life support

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