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Image formation by a
  converging lens
Know the terms:




Principal axis / optical centre /
 principal focus / focal length
Refraction by lenses
Drawing ray diagrams
3 Rules to follow:
1.draw the ray parallel to the principal axis
  and it converges through the principal focus
  (F) on the other side

2. draw the ray through the optical centre and
  it passes through in a straight line (not
  refracted)

3. draw the ray through the principal focus on
  the object side of the lens and it is refracted
  parallel to the principal axis!
Where is the image?
Do you need convincing?
Why does the ray from the bottom of
 the object appear on the principal
               axis?

 What can we say about the image:
    • Inverted or Upright position?
        • Reduced or Magnified?
•Its location(related to 2F and which
           side it appears on)
Where is the object? Where is the image?
Can an image be bigger than the object?
Magnifying glass
Real or Virtual?
Real images are produced when the
object is located a distance greater than
one focal length from the lens.

A virtual image is formed if the object is
located less than one focal length from
the converging lens. When refracted rays
diverge, a virtual image is formed because
the rays cannot be focused onto a screen.
Explaining the virtual image.
When refracted rays diverge, a virtual image is formed.
The image location can be found by tracing all light rays
backwards until they intersect. The refracted rays seem
to be diverging from this point; thus, the point of
intersection of the extended refracted rays is the image
point. Since light does not actually pass through this
point, the image is referred to as a virtual image.
Wierd / Strange / X files?
Object at F gives no image!
The light rays neither converge nor diverge
after refracting through the lens.

The refracted rays are traveling parallel to each
other.

So, the light rays will not converge to form a real
image; nor can they be extended backwards on
the opposite side of the lens to intersect to
form a virtual image.
Remember: 3 Rules to follow!
1.draw the ray parallel to the principal axis
  and it converges through the principal focus
  (F) on the other side

2. draw the ray through the optical centre and
  it passes through in a straight line (not
  refracted)

3. draw the ray through the principal focus on
  the object side of the lens and it is refracted
  parallel to the principal axis!
Object location:
Image location:
Image size:
Image position:
Object location:
Image location:
Image size:
Image position:
Object location:
Image location:
Image size:
Image position:
Object location:
Image location:
Image size:
Image position:
Well done!

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P8 converging lens

  • 1. Image formation by a converging lens
  • 2. Know the terms: Principal axis / optical centre / principal focus / focal length
  • 5. 3 Rules to follow: 1.draw the ray parallel to the principal axis and it converges through the principal focus (F) on the other side 2. draw the ray through the optical centre and it passes through in a straight line (not refracted) 3. draw the ray through the principal focus on the object side of the lens and it is refracted parallel to the principal axis!
  • 6. Where is the image?
  • 7. Do you need convincing?
  • 8. Why does the ray from the bottom of the object appear on the principal axis? What can we say about the image: • Inverted or Upright position? • Reduced or Magnified? •Its location(related to 2F and which side it appears on)
  • 9. Where is the object? Where is the image?
  • 10. Can an image be bigger than the object?
  • 12. Real or Virtual? Real images are produced when the object is located a distance greater than one focal length from the lens. A virtual image is formed if the object is located less than one focal length from the converging lens. When refracted rays diverge, a virtual image is formed because the rays cannot be focused onto a screen.
  • 13. Explaining the virtual image. When refracted rays diverge, a virtual image is formed. The image location can be found by tracing all light rays backwards until they intersect. The refracted rays seem to be diverging from this point; thus, the point of intersection of the extended refracted rays is the image point. Since light does not actually pass through this point, the image is referred to as a virtual image.
  • 14. Wierd / Strange / X files?
  • 15. Object at F gives no image! The light rays neither converge nor diverge after refracting through the lens. The refracted rays are traveling parallel to each other. So, the light rays will not converge to form a real image; nor can they be extended backwards on the opposite side of the lens to intersect to form a virtual image.
  • 16. Remember: 3 Rules to follow! 1.draw the ray parallel to the principal axis and it converges through the principal focus (F) on the other side 2. draw the ray through the optical centre and it passes through in a straight line (not refracted) 3. draw the ray through the principal focus on the object side of the lens and it is refracted parallel to the principal axis!
  • 17. Object location: Image location: Image size: Image position:
  • 18.
  • 19. Object location: Image location: Image size: Image position:
  • 20.
  • 21. Object location: Image location: Image size: Image position:
  • 22.
  • 23. Object location: Image location: Image size: Image position:
  • 24.