Divya Shree Nandini, a B.Sc. (Hons.) Mathematics student, presents an overview of oxygen, its properties, applications, and significance in various fields including medicine, industry, and biology. Oxygen, a highly reactive nonmetal, is essential for respiration, supports combustion, and plays a crucial role in forming organic compounds. The document also highlights its abundance in the universe and its importance in environmental and biological processes.

1. DIVYA SHREE NANDINI
B.SC (HONS.) MATHEMATICS
SHRI RAMSWAROOP MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY

2. A LITTLE BIT ABOUT MYSELF
Hi my name is Divya Shree
Nandini.
Today I hope will be useful for
both you and me.
Don’t afraid to ask me about
something you’re unsure of.
You’ll have the opportunity to ask
me questions at the end of the
presentation.
 Enjoy the ride! (she sai  -

3. OXYGEN IN PERIODICTABLE

4. OXYGEN
 Oxygen is a chemical element
with symbol O and atomic
number 8. It is a member of the
Chalcogen group on the
periodic table and is a highly
reactive nonmetal and
oxidizing agent that readily
forms oxides with most
elements as well as other
compounds. By mass, Oxygen
is the third most abundant
element in the universe, after
Hydrogen and Helium.
 Discovery-CarlWilhelm
Scheele
 Named by-Antoine Lavoisier Spectral lines of oxygen
Liquid oxygen, boiling in beaker at
room temperature

5. APPLICATIONS
MEDICAL- Uptake of O2 from
the air is the essential purpose of
respiration, so Oxygen
supplementation is used in
medicine.Treatment not only
increases Oxygen levels in the
patient’s blood, but has the
secondary effect of decreasing
resistance to blood flow in many
types of diseased lungs, easing
work load on the heart. Oxygen
therapy is used to treat
emphysema, pneumonia, some
heart disorders ( congestive heart
failure), some disorders that cause
increased pulmonary artery
pressure, and any disease that
impairs the body’s ability to take
up and use gaseous oxygen.
An oxygen concentrator in an emphysema
patient’s house.

6. LIFE SUPPORT AND
RECREATIONAL USE- An
application of O2 as a low-
pressure breathing gas is in
modern space suit, which
surround their occupant’s body
with the breathing gas.These
devices use nearly pure oxygen
at about one third normal
pressure, resulting in normal
blood partial pressure of O2.
This trade-off of higher Oxygen
concentration for lower
pressure is needed to maintain
suit flexibility. Submarines,
submersibles and atmosphere
diving suits usually operate at
normal atmospheric pressure.
Low pressure pure O2 is used in Space suit.

7.  Industrial- Smelting of iron
ore into steel consumes
55% of commercially
produced oxygen. In this
process,O2 is injected
through a high-pressure
lance into molten iron,
which removes sulfur
impurities and excess
carbon as the respective
oxides, SO2 and CO2.The
reactions are exothermic,
so the temperature
increases to 1,700ºC. Most commercially produced O2 is used
to Smelt iron into steel.

8. COMPOUNDS
The oxidation state of
oxygen is -2 in almost all
known compounds of
oxygen.The oxidation state
-1 is found in a few
compounds such as
peroxides. Compounds
containing oxygen in other
oxidation states are very
uncommon: -1/2 (super
oxides), -1/3 (ozonides), 0
(elemental, hypofluorous
acid), +1/2 (dioxygenyl), +1
(dioxygen difluoride), and
+2 (oxygen difluoride).
Water (H2O) is the most familiar oxygen
compound.

9. OXIDES AND OTHER INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Water (H2O) is an oxide
of hydrogen and the most
familiar oxygen
compound. Hydrogen
atoms are covalently
bonded to oxygen in a
water molecule but also
have an additional
attraction (about 23.3
kJ.mol⁻¹ per hydrogen
atom) to an adjacent
oxygen atom in a
separate molecule.
Oxides, such as iron oxide or rust,
Fe₂O₃, form when oxygen combines
with other elements

10. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND BIOMOLECULES
Among the most important classes
of organic compounds that contain
oxygen are (where “R” is an organic
group): alcohols; ethers; ketones;
aldehydes ;carboxylic acids; esters;
acid anhydrides and amides.
Oxygen reacts spontaneously with
many organic compounds at or below
room temperature in a process called
autoxidation. Most of the organic
compounds that contain oxygen are
not made by direct action of O2.Oxygen represents more than 40% of the
molecular mass of the ATP molecule.
Acetone is an important feeder
material in the chemical industry.

11. BASIC PROPERTIES OF OXYGEN
 Atomic Number: 8
 Atomic Mass: 16
 AtomicWeight: 15.9994
 Melting Point: -219 degrees C
 Boiling Point: -183 degrees C
 Group, Period: group 16 (chalcogens), period 2
 Block: p-block
 Electron Configuration: [He] 2s² 2p⁴
Phase: Gas
Electron per shell: 2,6
 Heavier than air, three isotopes, Highly paramagnetic, electronegative,
highly oxidized, Releasing heat.

12. Oxygen is a chemical element.
 Oxygen is a member of the chalcogen group.
 Oxygen is classified as a nonmetal or gas.
 Oxygen is colorless.
 Oxygen is a tasteless gas.
 Oxygen also acts as a ligand for transition metals.
 Freshwater contains about 6.04 milliliters (mL) of oxygen
per liter.
 Oxygen has vital biological role.
 6 CO₂ + 6H₂O + photons C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
 C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ 6 CO₂ + 6H₂O + 2880 kJ. mol⁻¹

13. FACTS ABOUT OXYGEN
 Dry air is 21 perfect oxygen, 78 percent nitrogen and 1 percent
other gases.
 Oxygen does not burn - honestly! It does, however, support the
combustion of other substances.Think about it – if oxygen itself
actually burnt, striking a match would be enough to burn all of the
oxygen in our planet’s atmosphere.
The Northern (and Southern) Lights:The green and dark – red
colors in the aurora borealis (and australis) are caused by oxygen
atoms.
 Oxygen is made in stars which have a mass of five or more Earth
suns when they burn helium and carbon or just carbon in nuclear
fusion reactions. Oxygen is part of the ‘ash’ formed by these
nuclear files.
 Oxygen is the third most abundant element in the universe.

14. Oxygen is about two times more soluble in water than nitrogen is.
 Almost two – thirds of the weight of living things comes from
oxygen, mainly because living things contain a lot of water and
88.9 percent of water’s weight comes from oxygen.
 Oxygen (O2) is unstable in our planet’s atmosphere and must be
constantly replenished by photosynthesis in green plants.Without
life, our atmosphere would contain almost no O2.
 If we discover any other planets with atmospheres rich in oxygen,
we will know that life is almost certainly present on these planets;
significant quantities of O2 will only exist on planets when it is
released by living things.
 Just five elements make up over 90 percent of the weight in the
Earth’s crust. Almost half of the weight of the crust comes from
oxygen. (Silicon, aluminum, iron and calcium are the other four
main elements in the crust.)

15. OXYGEN IN FOOD
The oxygen provides humans
with over 90% of the needed
nutritional energy.
The oxygen needed by the
body is not absorbed from food.
 Food spoils as a result of
oxygen reacting with the
enzymes found in food.This is
called oxidation.
 Oxidation is the combination of
a substance with oxygen.
 Enzymatic Browning (When an
apple turns brown after sitting
out) is caused by Oxygen.

16. THANKYOU
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