This document provides an overview of agricultural production systems in India. It discusses that agriculture is the primary occupation for about 2/3 of India's population and food grains are a major agricultural product. It then covers various topics related to Indian agriculture including definitions, history, key facts, types of farming, major crops, and a SWOT analysis. The major points made are that India is the second largest producer of agriculture in the world, agriculture contributes over 13% to India's GDP, and the main crops produced are rice, wheat, maize, millets, pulses, sugarcane, oilseeds, cotton, jute, and fiber crops.

1. Dr. Siddhartha SwarupDr. Siddhartha Swarup
JenaJena
Asst. Seed Certification Officer,
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
SYSTEM- An OverviewSYSTEM- An Overview

2.  2/3rd
of Indian
population is engaged
in agricultural
activities.
 Food grains are the
most important
agricultural products
made in India
 India exports agro
product s like tea,
coffee, spices, etc.
S. S. Jena, Instructor

3. Agri
Seri
Pisci + Culture
Viti
Horti
DO YOU KNOW?
S. S. Jena, Instructor
Silvi
Api

4.  The science or practice of farming, including cultivation
of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of
animals.
Agriculture is the cultivation and breeding of animals,
plants and fungi for food, fibre, biofuel, medicinal plants
and other products used to sustain and enhance human
life.
S. S. Jena, Instructor
Definition ofDefinition of

5.  Agriculture is a primary
activity & is closely related
to the natural environment.
 Agriculture is also called
farming or husbandry.
 The term agriculture has
been derived from the
Latin word ‘Ager’ meaning
field & ‘cultura’ meaning
cultivation. S. S. Jena, Instructor

6.  Agriculture in India has an extensive background
which goes back to ten thousand years (Indus Valley
Civilization Era).
The Grow More Food Campaign (1940s) and the
Integrated Production Program (1950s) focused on food
and cash crops supply respectively.
 In 1960s Green revolution took place. Agriculture
production rose. Export increased at 10% in 1990s.
S. S. Jena, Instructor
HistoryHistory

7.  At present, India holds the second position in
the world in agricultural production.
 Total Geographical Area - 329 million
hectares
 Net Area sown - 140 million hectares
Total Cropped Area – 195.8 million hectares
 Agriculture and allied sectors like forestry and
fisheries accounted for 13.7% of the GDP.
S. S. Jena, Instructor
Indian Agriculture- Some FactsIndian Agriculture- Some Facts

8. S. S. Jena, Instructor
Indian Agriculture- Some FactsIndian Agriculture- Some Facts

9. S. S. Jena, Instructor
Indian Agriculture- Some FactsIndian Agriculture- Some Facts
 Provides food to 1.25 Billion people
 Sustains 65% of the population : helps alleviate
poverty
 Produces 51 major Crops
 Provides Raw Material to Industries
 Contributes to 1/6th of the export earnings
 One of the 12 Bio-diversity centres in the world
(western ghat) with over 46,000 species of
plants and 86,000 species of animals recorded.

10. S. S. Jena, Instructor
Mile Stones in AgriculturalMile Stones in Agricultural
DevelopmentDevelopment
 Green Revolution (1968)
 Ever-Green Revolution (1996)
 Blue Revolution (water, fish)
 White Revolution (Milk)
 Yellow Revolution (flower, edible)
 Bio-Technology Revolution
 ICT Revolution

11.  Total geographical area of Odisha: 155.71 lakh ha.
 Total cultivable area: 64.09 lakh ha (41.16%)
 Total cultivated area: 61.5 lakh ha
 40.17 lakh ha of cultivable area is Acidic soil
 4.0 lakh ha of cultivable area is saline soil
 3.0 lakh ha of cultivable area is water logging
 Agriculture contributes 16% of GSDP (Gross State
Domestic Produce).
 65% of workforce depends on Agril.
 Smalll and marginal farmers constitute: 83%
 Average size of land holding is 1.25 ha.
Agriculture in OdishaAgriculture in Odisha
S. S. Jena, Instructor

12.  Depending upon the geographical conditions,
demand of produce, labour and level of
technology, farming can be classified into two
main types.
1. subsistence farming and
2. commercial farming
Types of farmingTypes of farming
S. S. Jena, Instructor

13.  This type of farming is practiced to meet
the needs of the farmer’s family.
 Traditionally, low levels of technology and
household labour are used to produce an
small output.
Subsistence farmingSubsistence farming
S. S. Jena, Instructor

14.  Crops are grown and animals are reared
for sale in market.
 The area cultivated and the amount of
capital used is large.
 Most of the work is done by machines.
Commercial farmingCommercial farming
S. S. Jena, Instructor

15. STRENGTH
•Indian agriculture is famous for its rich bio-
diversity
•Almost 60% of Indian land comprises of
agricultural land
•Climate is suitable for agriculture
•Strong and well dispersed research and extension
system
SWOT analysisSWOT analysis
of Indian Agricultureof Indian Agriculture
S. S. Jena, Instructor

16. WEAKNESS
• Average yield in India is just 30% to 50% of the
highest average yield in the world
• Agriculture in India is not technically developed
• Irrigation facilities are inadequate, which results
in farmers still being dependent on rainfall
• Illiteracy and socio-economic backwardness
results in low productivity in India
• Share of agriculture in GDP has declined in past
few years
SWOT analysisSWOT analysis
of Indian Agricultureof Indian Agriculture
S. S. Jena, Instructor

17. OPPORTUNITIES
• Expand operations to include planting and
harvesting
• Expanding international level markets
• Partner with firm that only plants and harvests
crops
• Technological development in agriculture
• Agro-based Industry
• Agricultural education
SWOT analysisSWOT analysis
of Indian Agricultureof Indian Agriculture
S. S. Jena, Instructor

18. • Unsustainable Resource Use
• Unsustainable Regional Development
• Change in the government policies
• Production of inferior quality of crops
• Repetitive cultivation of two staple crops
• Low productivity
SWOT analysisSWOT analysis
of Indian Agricultureof Indian Agriculture
S. S. Jena, Instructor

19. S. S. Jena, Instructor
 Crop:
When plants of the same kind are grown and
cultivated at one place on a large scale it is
called crop.
Example – crop of wheat grown in a field
 Kharif crop : The crop which are sown in the
rainy season. Ex: Rice, Maize, Groundnut etc.
 Rabi crops : the crops grown in the winter
season. Ex: Wheat, gram, pea, mustard

20. S. S. Jena, Instructor

21.  RiceRice
 Staple food crop of a majority of
people in India
 Second largest producer of rice in
the world.
 It is a kharif crop which requires
high temperature and humidity
with annual rainfall of above 100
cm.
 Grown in plains of North and
North Eastern India, coastal plains
and deltaic regions.
 Canal irrigation and tube wells
made it possible to grow rice in
areas of less rainfall such as
Punjab, Haryana and West Uttar
Pradesh and Parts of Rajasthan.
S. S. Jena, Instructor

22. S. S. Jena, Instructor

23. TOP 6 RICE PRODUCING STATES IN 2013-14TOP 6 RICE PRODUCING STATES IN 2013-14
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture
and Cooperation.

24.  Wheat
 Second most important cereal
crop.
 Main food crop in the north
an north-western part of the
country.
 Requires cool growing season
and bright sunshine during
ripening and 50-70 cm of
annual rainfall evenly
distributed over the growing
season.
 Major wheat producing states
are Punjab, Haryana, UP,
Bihar, Rajasthan and parts of
MP
S. S. Jena, Instructor

25. S. S. Jena, Instructor
Mile Stones in AgriculturalMile Stones in Agricultural
DevelopmentDevelopment

26. WHEAT PRODUCTION IN 2013-14WHEAT PRODUCTION IN 2013-14
TOP 5TOP 5
WHEAT PRODUCTION IN 2013-14WHEAT PRODUCTION IN 2013-14
TOP 5TOP 5
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture
and Cooperation.

27.  MaizeMaize
 Used for both food and fodder.
 Requires temperature between
21C and 27C.
 Requires alluvial soil.
 HYV seeds, fertilizers and
irrigation have contribute to
increased production
 Major maize-producing states
are Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh,
Bihar, Andhra Pradesh and MP
S. S. Jena, Instructor

28.  MilletsMillets
 Jowar, bajra and ragi are important
millets grown in India.
 Jowar is third most important food
crop with respect to area and
production and grown Karnataka,
AP and MP.
 Bajra grows well on sandy soils and
shallow black soil and grown in
Rajasthan, UP, Maharashtra, Gujarat
and Haryana.
 Ragi is a crop of dry region and
grows well on red, black, sandy,
loamy and shallow black soil and is
grown in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu,
Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand,
Sikkim, Jharkhand and Arunachal
Pradesh.
S. S. Jena, Instructor

29.  PulsesPulses
 India is the largest
producer and consumer of
pulses in the world
 Major pulses grown are
tur, urad, moong, masur,
peas and gram.
 Being leguminous crops
they help restore soil
fertility.
 Grown in MP, UP,
Rajasthan, Maharashtra
and Karnataka.
S. S. Jena, Instructor

30.  SugarcaneSugarcane
 India is 2nd
largest producer
after Brazil
 Requires 27°C temperature
and annual rainfall between
75cms to 100cms.
 It is a source of sugar, gur,
khandsari and molasses.
 Grown in UP, Maharashtra,
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, AP,
Bihar, Punjab and Haryana.
S. S. Jena, Instructor

31. S. S. Jena, Instructor

32.  Oil SeedsOil Seeds
 India is the largest producer of
oil seeds in the world.
 They include groundnut,
mustard, coconut,
sesamum(til), soyabean, castor
seeds, cotton seeds, linseed
and sunflower.
 Used to make edible oil as well
as in the production of soap,
cosmetics and ointments.
S. S. Jena, Instructor

33.  Fiber CropsFiber Crops
 Cotton, Jute, Hemp and natural silk.
 Silk is obtained from cocoons of
silkworms fed in green leaves
specially mulberry.
 CottonCotton
 India is 3rd
largest producer of Cotton
in the world.
 Used to make cotton textile.
 Requires black soil, light temperature,
light irrigation/rainfall, 210 days of
bright sunshine and 6 to 8 months to
mature.
 Grown in Maharashtra, Gujarat, MP,
Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil
Nadu, Punjab, Haryana and UP.
S. S. Jena, Instructor

34. S. S. Jena, Instructor

35.  JuteJute
 Known as golden fiber.
 Grows well on well-drained
fertile soil of the flood plains
where soils is renewed every
year.
 High temperature is required
during the time of growth.
 WB, Orissa, Bihar, Assam and
Meghalaya are the major jute
producing states.
 Used to make gunny bags,
mats, ropes, yarn carpets and
other artifacts.
S. S. Jena, Instructor

41. S. S. Jena, Instructor

42. March forward - A long way
…….Thank You.Thank You
S. S. Jena, Instructor

43. Queries?
S. S. Jena, Instructor